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$ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1^ 



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HANDBOOK 



OF THE 



Inited States OF Imeriga 



GIVING THE LATEST AND MOST COMPLETE STATISTICS 



GOVERNMENT, 

FURNISHING ALL THE NECESSARY INFORMATION 
CONCERNING THE COUNTRY. 



The Settler, the Business Man, the 

Merchant, the Far^mer, and the 

Professional Man, 




PUBLISHED BY 

GAYLORD WATSON, 
278 Pearl Street (near Beekman), 

NEW YORK. 



Nj 



(g r- 



PRICE 75 CENTS. 



"* e) 



V 



PREFACE. 



The ManuaIj Trhich is now offered to purchasers in a new dress, has 
been published for the last ten years, solely as an accompaniment to 
Watson's New Kailroad Map of the United States, and has never been 
offered to the general trade, though often sought for. The Publisher has 
at length determined to comply with the demand for its more general 
circulation, and at the same time adapt it to a new class of customers, 
those who are seeking homes for themselves in our country, and especially 
in the West and South. 

In order to render it more worthy of the large patronage which it is 
certain to command, the jiublisher has obtained the services of an eminent 
Statistician, and while retaining all those Facts and Statistics which have 
proved so valuable in former editions, correcting them up to date, so as to 
make it more acceptable than before to all those who have hitherto been 
interested in it, he has added all the necessary information in regard to the 
landed States and Territories, to enable any intending settler to decide 
which is the best region for him to select, how he may get there most 
comfortably and economically, what steps he must take to secure a perfect 
title to his lands, and what are in each case the best crops for him to raise, 
5r the best busiaess to pursue. 

No Manual or Treatise of ten or twenty times the cost of this, has ever 

iontained a quarter of the information here offered, for the intending set- 

ler, or for the enterprising mechanic or working man, who desires to make 

imself a new home beyond the Mississippi ; and as every pains has been 

taken to make it perfectly accurate, and neither publisher, editor or any one 

"v -^Ise concerned has any axes to grind, or any pet project or speculation to 

\ romote in or by this work, it may be received as standard authority in all 

\e matters of which it treats. 

THE PUBLISHER, 



CONTEI^TTS. 



fAtn 

Title 1 

Contents. 5 

The General Government: — President — Vice-President — State Department... 7 

Diplomatic Officers 8 

Foreign Legations in the United States 9 

Treasury Department 10 

War Department 11 

Navy Department 12 

Department of the Interior 13 

Post Office Department 13 

Department of Justice 14 

The Judiciary 14 

Department of Agriculture — Government Printing Office — Department of 

Education 16 

U. S. Mint and Branches 16 

Legislative Branch of the Government — Congressional Districts 17 

Presidents under the Federal Constitution — Vice-Presidents — Chief-Jus- 
tices of the Supreme Court— Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. 18 

Apportionment of Representatives 19 

Expense of Maintaining the Government 19 

Valuation of Property, etc, in the United States 20 

Public Debt of the United States 21 

National Debt, January, 1884 — Liabilities 22 

Public Debt at its Maximum — Coin and Currency Values 23 

Reduction of the National Debt from March, 1869, to January, 1884 24 

Debt of each Administration 24 

Paper Money of the United States 25 

Gold and Silver Coins — Petroleum Production — Territorial Governments. 26 

Banks and Banking in the United States 27 

States and Savings Banks in the United States 28 

States and Savings Banks Returns 29 

Legal Interest in the States and Territories 30 

Financial and Economic Tranaactions of the United States, from March, 1877, to 

December, 1882 « • ^ SI 

Rates of Postage 32 

Rates of Foreign Postage 34 

Internal Revenue 36 

Stamp Duties „ 88 

Railroad System of the United States 39 

Difference in Time — Large Cities of the World . 40 

Imports and Exports 41 



n. CONTENTS. 

Txa» 
Educational 42 

Keligious Statistics 48 

The Census— Census of the United States, taken in 1880 49 

Population of all the Cities of the United States 50 

Order of the States, in point of Population, at several periods 52 

Order of Territories 52 

Population of States by Races — Comparative Increase of Population 53 

Area of the United States 53 

Tho States of the Union „ , 54 

The Individual States of the Union 55 

Immigration 57 

New Naturalization Law : 59 

Presidential Vote §2 

Declaration of Independence 68 

Constitution of the United States TO 

Agricultural Statistics 85 

Indian Corn — Wheat — Oats 85 

Barley — Eye — Buckwheat — Potatoes 86 

Hay — Cotton — Tobacco 87 

Eice, Sugar and Molasses 88 

Live Stock 90 

Weight of a Bushel 91 

Farm Labor and Wages P3 

Average Weekly Wages. 95 

The Labor Question 96 

Living Expenses 99 

Advice to those seeking New Homes ^*"^ 

Homestead for Soldiers ^^* 

i 'i he W e St 115 

Historical Chronology 135 

Foreign Nations 183 

Commerce with Great Britain 189 

Ifatlonal Debts of the World '3^ 

The Queen and Royal Family of England 1^^ 

Annual Average Consumption of Spirituous and Malt Ll^oorg and Wines in U. 3. . 194 

Statistics of Manufactures ^'^ 

Imports of Certain Goods into the Fire great Atlantic Ports, &c 196 

Exports of the Leading Articles of Domestic Produce from five Atlantic ClUee, Ao.197 



THE GENEEAL GOYEENMENT. 

ITS PEIKCrPAIi DEPAKTMENTS, OFFICEES OF THE CABINET, THE AEMT AND NAVT, 

AND THEIE SUBOEDINATES — DIPLOMATIC EELATIONS — OUB MINISTEES AND 

CONSULS TO FOREIGN COTJNTEIES, AND THEIES TO THIS COUNTEY. 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 

PEESIDENT. 

Chester A. Arthur, of New York. Term expires March 4, 1885. 

The President is chosen by Electors, who are elected by the Peo- 
ple, each State having as many as it has Senators and Representa- 
tives in Congress. He holds office four years; is Commander-in- 
Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States; has power to 
grant pardons and reprieves for offenses against the United States; 
makes treaties, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; 
nominates, and, with the consent of the Senate, appoints, all Cabinet, 
Diplomatic, Judicial and Executive officers; has power to convene 
Congress, or the Senate only ; communicates with Congress by mes- 
sage at every session; receives all Foreign Ministers; takes care that 
the laws are faithfully executed, and the public business transacted. 
Salary $50,000 a year. 

ACTING VICE-PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT OF SENATE. 

George F. Edmunds, of Vermont. Term expires March 4, 1885. 

Is chosen by the Electors at the same time, and in the same 
manner as the President; is President of the Senate, and has the 
casting vote therein. In case of the death, resignation, disability or 
removal of the President, his powers and duties devolve upon the 
Vice-President for the residue of his term. In cases of vacancy, 
where the Vice-President succeeds to the Presidential office, the 
President of the Senate becomes ex-officio Vice-President. Salary 
88,000 a year. 

THE STATE DEpIeTMENT. 

Preserves the public archives, records, laws, documents and trea- 
ties, and supervises their publication; conducts all business and cor- 
respondence arising out of Foreign Relations; makes out and records 
passports, commissions, etc. 

Department Officers. 

Salary. 

Secretary of State - Fhedeeick T. Fkelinghutsen, of New Jersey $8,000 

Assistant Secretary -John Davis, of Mass 3,500 

Second Assistant Secretiiry— Wm. Hunter, of Rhnrli" Island 3,500 

Third •' " — Alvey A- Adee, of New York ..3,500 



Diplomatic Officers. 



Great Britain 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
Eastludies.... 
Australia. 



James Russell Lowell . 

Win. J. Uoppiii 

Ehrmau S Nadal 

E. A. Merritt 

Stephen li. Tackard. 

ii. F. Cooper 

Lewis Richmond 

Hans MatUon 

Oliver M. Spencer... 



Canada ■ ^er;:eani P. Stearna 

:.OTaScotl» I Wakefield R. Kr 

irussia I William H. Hunt., 

do .... 
do .... 

do 

do .... 

do .... 
Pranoe 

do ... 

do 

do .... 

do .... 

do 

Spain 

•^ do .... 

do 

Cuba 

Portugal 

do 

do 

Beliiiimi 

do 

do 
Netherlands. 

do 



do 



Denmark 

do 
Sweden & Norway. 

do do 
Germany 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Baxony 

Bremen 

Hamburg 

Bavaria 

Wnrtcmburg 

Baden 

Austria-Uungary. .. 

do 

do 

do 

Switzerland 

do 

do 

Italy 

do 

do 

flo 

do 

Turkey 

do 

d) 

do 

Roumania & Servla 

Erypt 



Edgar Stanton 

S. r. Young 

L. E. Dver 

."V. Wilkins 

Levi P. Morton 

K. K. Hitt 

Howry Vignaud 

George Walker 

John M. Glover 

Horace Taylor. 

H.innit,al Hamlin 

Gustavus Coward 

Alfred >i. Duffle 

Adam Badeau 

John M. Francis 

Henry W. Diraan 

William Stuve 

Nicholas Fi h 

Jolin Wilson 

James R. Weaver 

William L. ^^aiion 

WillL-im B. Wells 

D a viii Eckstein 

J. P. Wickerstiam 

Henry B. Kyder 

JoUnL. Stevens 

E..L. Oppe^heim 

Aaron A. Sargent 

H. Sidney Everett 

( 'hanman rnleman 

MarTv S. Brewer 

Ferdinand Vogeler. 

Jdlin n. Steuart 

Wilson King 

John M. Wilson 

(J. Hcurv Horstinau 

Jus. S. Totter 

i:.iw;n-d M. Smitli 

Alphonso Talt 

James Riley Weaver \ 

A. W. Thaver 

.M.J.Cramer. 



J. E. Montgomery. 

W. W. After 

George W Wnrtz 

Louis Richmr^ad 

John F. llazleton.. 
B Oik- 11 Duncan... 

Lew Wallace. 

G. Harris < eap 

-V. A. Gurcuilio — 
Frank S. DeHaas.. 
Kuieue Schuyler.. 
John T.' Edgar. 



do I Hcortje P. Ponieroy. 



Greece 
Barbary States. 

Liberia 

Muscat 

Madagascar 

Japan 

Mo 




Eugene Srhuvler .. 

^ \. Matthews 

John H t-myth 

Wm.'H. Hathorne 

William W. Robinson. 
John A. Bingham..!.. 
Durham W. Stevens.. 

David Thompson 

I. II. Haws 

T. B. Van Bnren 

W. P. Mangum 

N.J. Ne witter 

John A , Halderman 

J . Kussell Youne 

riiosterHoIcorabe 

Owen X. Denny 

Joseph J. Henderson. 
Charles P. Lincoln.... 

Wm. A. Conahc 

J. C. S. Colbv , 

M. M Delano 

R. M. Johnston 

E. C.Lord 

James C. Buck 

Rollln M. Daggett... 

James Scott 

John M. Langston 

Paul Jone.s , 

Philip H. Morgan 

Daniei S. Richardson.. . 
Augustus J, Cossard... , 

Dftvid H. Sii other 

Warner P. Sutton 

F. T7. R'^'rers 

Ilenrv C Hall 



Minister 

Secretiiry Legation.. 
2d Sec. Legation. .. . 

Consul General 

Consul 

do ■■■■ 

do .;.:.■.■.■ : 

Consul-General 

Consul 

Consul <>euem] 

Consul rtcneral 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul-General 

Consul 

Consul 

Con.sul 

Minister 

Secretary Legation.. 

Asst Secretary 

Consul-General 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legation.. 

Consul 

Cousui-General 

Minister Hcsident.. 

Consul 

< onsular Agent 

Minister Resident 

Consul 

do 

Minister Resident 

Consul 

do 

Minister Kesident.. 

Consul 

Minister Resident 

Consul 

Minister 

Secretary Legation.. 

Asst. Secretary 

Consul General 

ConsiU-General 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Slinister 

Sccretarj- Legation. . 
Consul-Gene ral 

do 

Charge d'AlTairs 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legatiou • . 

I'onsul General 

Consul 

do 

MinisterResident 

Sec. Leg. & V. GcnU. 

I'lternnter 

Consul 

Con. Gen. & Dip. Ag. 

Consul 

A>-'ent <t Con.-Gen'l . 
Min. Bee. &C. Gen. 

Consul 

Min. & Consul-Gen.. . 

Consul 

Consul 

Minister 

Secretary Legation.. 

Interpreter 

Consul 

Consul-General 

do 

do 

do 

Minister Resident . . , 
Secretary legation. . 

Consul-General 

Consul 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do ■ 

Minister 

Consul 

Minister Res. A C. G. 

Consul , 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

Consul-General 
Consul 
Consul 
Minister. 



FOREIGN HKSIU HCK 



Lon on 

do 

do ... 

do 
Liverpool . 

Glasgow 

Bellast 

Calcutta ... 
Melbourne. 

real .... 



Halifi 

St Petersburg.. 

do 

do 

Moscow 

Odessa 

Cronstadt 

Pans 

do 

do- 

do 

Havre 

Marseilles 

Madrid 

do 

Cadiz 

Havana 

Lisbon 

do 

Oporto 

Brussels 

do 

AntAverp 

The Hague 

Rotterdam 

Amsterdam 

Copenhagen. ... 

do 

Stockholm 

Gottenburg 

Berlin 

do 

do 

do 

Frankfort 

Leipsic 

Bremen 

Hamburg 

Munich 

Stuttgart, 

Manheim 

Vienna 

do 

do 

Trieste 

Berne 

Bas'e 

Geneva 

Rome 



d9 



Rome 

Genoa 

Naples 

Constantinople.. 

do 

do 

Jerusalem 

Athens 

Beirut 

Cairo 

-Athens 

Tangier 

Monrovia 

Zanzibar 

Tamatave 

Yeddo 

do 



Hakodadi 

Kanagawa 

Naeasaki 

Osaka 

Bangkok 

Peking 

do 

Shangh.ii 

Amoy 

Canton 

Chi Foo 

Chin Kieng 

Foo Choo ,.. 

Han Kow 

Ning Po 

Tien Tsin 

Honolulu 

do 

Port an Prince... 

St. Domingo 

Mexico 

do 

Tampico 

M xico 

Matamoras 

Vera Cruz 

Guatemala 



$17.5(« 
:;,l)25 
2.utX) 
6,000 
6,000 
3,1X10 
2,500 
5,000 
4..MK) 
4.000 
■ 000 
17.500 
!.025 
S.UOO 
S.OOO 
2.(100 

2,ih:o 

17,500 
2,625 
2,000 
6.000 
3,000 
2,500 

12,010 
1,800 
1.500 
6,000 
7..'^no 
2,000 
2.0.I0 
7,5C0 
2,500 
2,500 
7,500 
2,000 
1 ..500 
7..'H» 
1,500 
7,500 
1.5(0 

17,500 
2,625 
2,000 
4.1W 
3000 
2,000 
2,500 
2,5l<) 
1,500 
1.500 
1,5(0 

12,000 
1,800 
3,0CX) 
2.0(0 

2,000 
1,500 
12,000 
1,366 
3.(W9 
1,300 
1,500 
7.5U0 
3,000 

:-i,noo 
i,5oa 

4.000 
2.000 
4,{A)0 
5,00(» 
3,1(0 
4,000 
1,2(0 
2,000 

12,000 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
4,000 
3,IXJ0 
3,000 
3,000 

K.OOO 
6.0tO 
5,000 
3,500 
3,500 
3,.t00 
S.-OOO 
S.'VlO 
3,5tlO 
3,500 
3.!i00 
7,.'X« 
4,I)U6 
T.iOO 

i,.'ieo 

12,100 

l,(!tO 

1.50O 
2,000 
2.000 
3.(100 
7,500 



•Diplomatic Officers. — CoatiEued. 



Z— 

COO'TRV. 


NAXZ. 


omcK. 


:^ ^ 

rOBElG^T BESID'SCE SALASS 


Central America.. 


Thomns -^ ^ T'lso.T 

John E. ClemenSB. 


Consul 


Panama 

Guatemala 

Bogota 


5,000 




William L . Scruggs 


Minister Besident. . . 
Com. Agent 


T.aij 






Aspinwall 

Caracas 


3,0Cfl 








7.500 




W. Scott Bira 




Laguayra 

Guayaquil 

Rio de Janeiro... 

do do — 

do do 

Pernambuco 

Buenos Ayres.... 

do do 

Montevideo, t'r'y. 

do do 
S.mtiago 


1,500 




do 


1,200 






Minister 


12,000 


do 


Johu 0. White 


Secretary Legation. . 
Consul General 


l.StX) 


do 




e,ouii 






2,000 


Argentine Conf. — 

do do .... 

Paraguay* Urn'y. 






7,600 






3.1X0 


^m. Williams 


Charge de Affaires.. 


5,000 




2,000 








10,000 




\acaiiT 

James K, Partridge 




Valparaiso 

Lima 

Callao 


S,C0O 




Minister ,. 


10,000 




3,000 


Bolivia.. 




Minister & Con. Gen. 

Consul 

do 


La Paz 


5M) 




San Jose 


3,0':io 


Friendly Islands. . . 

Hondnras 

Salvador 

Society Islands — 




Apia 

Araapala 

La Union 

Tahiti 


3,000 


George A. K. Morris 


do 


3,000 


do 


2,50») 




do 


3,001: 









FOREIGN LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



AtJSIBIA-HtTNGAar,. . . 



BEi.ei0M . 
Brazii. . . 



Csn.1.. 

CaOTA. 



Costa Bica. 
DEaniARK... 
Fbamob 



Obbat Britain., 



Guatejial*, Salva- 
dor & Honduras.. 



Hawaii. 
HAni . . 



Il ALT . 

Japan.. 



SenorDon LuisL. Domlngnez 

Senor Don Julio Perrie 

SenorDon Epi.sanio Portela 

Baron Ignatz von Schaeffer 

Che valii;r Erne- tVouTavera 

Mr. E.Binhdorn 

Mr. de Bounder .Melsbroeck 

Mr. Leon Von den Bossche 

Senor Dom Feiippe Lopeznetto 

Mr. Benjamin FrankliaTotieao de Barroa. 

Mr. Joaquin Nabueo 

^aptain Arthur Silveira da Motta 

■SenorDon Joaquin Godoy 

Senor Don E. V. Zanartu 



Chen Tsao Ju 



Mexico . 



Netherlauds.. 

NlCAEAGCA. . . . . 



David W. Bartlett 

Senor Lino de Pombo 

Senor Roberto K. de Narvaez 

DonG. Kspinosa 

Senor Don ManuflM. Peralta.. . 
Herr Carl Steen Anderson Bille 

M. Ronstan 

Mr. Millonde la Vertville 

Mr. Francois de Corcella 

M. le Capiiaine Anfrye 

Mr. Paul Dejardin 



Count Henrv von Beust 

Mr. P. W. Buddecke 

Hon, L. S. Sackville West, C. B 

"ictor Arthur Wellington Drummond, Esq. 
Rear Admiral William Gore Jones, B. N. . . 

Hon. Power H. le I'oer Trench 

Mr. Frank C. Lascelles 

Mr. Francis C. E. Denyg 

Charies Fox Frederick Adam, Esq 

Vacant 



Senor Don J. Saborio. . . . 

Vacant 

Mr. Stephen Preston.... 
Mr. CtiarlesA. Preston.. 

Baron de Fava 

Count B. Lltta 

Terashimi Munenori 



Mr. Asada Yasunori 

Mr. Seinoske Tiishiro 

Senor Don Mateas Romero.. .. 
Senor Don Jose Y. de (^nellar. 
Senor Don Cayetano Romero. 

Hon G. de Weckherlin 

Vacant 

Senor Don Joaquin Elizondo.. 

Vacant 

, Senor Don Jose 8. Pecond 

Boiin A I Senor Don Ladislao Cabrera. , 



Pabaguat. 



E. E. and M. P. 

Sec. of Leg. 

Attache. 

E. E. and M. P. 

Sec. of Leg. 

2d Sec. of Legation. 

E. E. and M. P. 

Councillor of Legation. 

E. E. and M. P. 

Secretary of Legation. 

Attache. 

Naval Attache. 

E. E. and W. P. 

.ittachc. 

E. E. andM. P. 

AssistantE. E-andM. P. 

Secretary of Legation. 

Secretarj' of Legation. 

'h. d'Ae. 

Secretary of Legation. 

Attache. 

Minister Resident 

Minister Resident. 

E. E. and M. P. 

Secrctarj' ofLegatioB. 

Secretary of Legation.. 

Military Attache. 

Consul Chancellor. 

E. E. and M. P. 

Sec. of Leg. A: Ch. d'Affi 

Chancelloi' rf Legation. 

E. E. and M. P. 

Secretary of Legation, 

Naval Attache. 

Second Secretary 

Second Secretary, 

Third Secretary, 

Attache. 

E. E. and M, P. 

Secretary of Legation. 
E. E, and M. P. 
Minister Resident. 
Secretary of Legation. 
E. E. and M. P. 
Secretary of Legation. 
E. E. andM. P. 
Secretary of Legation. 
Attache. 
Attache. 
E. E. and M. P. 
Secretary of Legation, 
Second Secretary. 
Minister Resident. 
E. E. and M. P. 
Secretary of Legation, 
E. E. »nd M. P. 
Secretary of Legation. 
E. E. and M, P. 



10 



TH£ GEKESAL aOTERNUENT. 

Foreign Lcgalions in the Uniied States — Continued. 



COOKTRT. 


KAMI. 


B.\XK. 




Senor Don I. F. Elmore 


Minister Resident. 






Secretary of Legation. 
Secretary of Legation. 
E. E. and M f 


«« "* ' 








BOSSLl. 


iir. Cliarles ae btrnvo 

>ir. Gregoiredo Will.imov 


E. E. and M. P. 
First Secretary. 
Second Secretary. 
E. E. and M. P. 
1st Sec. 
Second Secretary. 


«4 


Mr. Oeorse Bakhmcteff 


SrAis 




Seuor Don Jose Brunctti 

Seiior Don Francisco Soliveres 


41 




•« 


Senor Dou Luis Polo de Bcrnabe 


Third Secretary. 


•• 


•4 






44 


Senor <'ol. Don Toodoro Bermiidez 


Military Attache. 


44 






E. E. and M. P. 




Mr. 0. de Bildt 




SwiTZEItLASD 


Mr. EmilFrey 


Minister Resident. 




ii reiroire Aristiirchi Bey 


E. E. and M. P. 




Secretary of Legation. 
E E. and M. P. 








Senor Don Audres S, Ibarra ,,,, 


Secretary of Legation- 







THE TREASUKr DEPAUTilENT 

Eeceives and has charge of all moneys paid into the United States 
Treasury, has general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the 
Government, the collection of revenue, the auditing and payment of 
accounts, and other disbursements ; supervises the execution of the 
laws relating to Commerce and Navigation of the United States, the 
Bevenues and Currency, the Coast Survey, the Mint and Coinage, 
the Light-House Establishment, the construction of Marine Hos- 
pitals, Custom-Houses, &c. The First Comptroller prescribes the 
mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and diplomatic 
service, and the public land. To him the First, Fifth, and Sixth 
Auditors report. The Second Comptroller prescribes the mode of 
keeping and rendering accounts for the Army, Navy, and Indian 
Departments, and to him the Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors 
report. The First Auditor adjusts the accounts of the customs, 
revenue, civil service and private acts of Congress. The Second 
Auditor adjusts accounts relating to pay, clothing and recruiting of 
the army, the arsenals, armories and ordnance, and the Indian De- 
partment. The Third Auditor adjusts accounts for army subsis- 
tence, fortifications, military academy and roads, quartermaster's 
department and military claims. The Fourth Auditor adjusts the 
navy accounts, the Fifth diplomatic, and the Sixth postal affairs. 

Depariment Officers. 

^ SaUrie*. 

Secretary of the Treasury— Charlbs J. Folger, of New York $8,000 

Assistant Secretary — .Tohm C. New, of Indiann 4,500 

" —Henry F. French, of Massachnsetts 4,500 

Snjierming Architect — James G. Hill, of Massachusetta 4,500 

Treasurer of "UniUd States — James Gilfillan, of Connecticut 6,000 



TEE GENEBAL GOVERNMENT. 



11 



Sa1*i7. 



Deparimeni Qfficert— Continued. 

Assistant Treasnrer of United States-Albert U. Wynan, of Nebraska. 3 600 

SoUcitor-KenBethi^J^er of|^J^^^^^^^ 4^000 

KSrnSrJoifsS;^^^^^^^^^ of Cal.orn^ 6.000 

First Comptroller- Wm. Lawrence ot Ohio ... • • ^ ^ 

Second Comptroller-WiUiam W. Upton °^^^' "S^Ji;- lli;^-^ - " 4 009 

CommLssioner of Customs-Henry 0. Johnson cf Pemisylvama. •"'•'• 3 goQ 

1st Auditor-Robert M. Reynolds, of Alabama • • 3 g^Q 

2d Auditor-Orange Ferriss, of ^e^/^J'j^; ' .' 3,600 

3d Auditor- Edwiu W. Eeightley, of ^lame 3 600 

4tli Auditor- Charles Beardsley, of /"^^ ; . . ••■••• gjeoo 

5tli Auditor- D. A. S. Alexander, of Indiana 3 ^00 

6tb Auditor- Jacob H. Ela, 9^ ^^^^ampshu^e • -^ PennsvlVania . ....'.. . 8.500 

Chief of Secret Service Divjsion-James J ±Jiooks(^ r ^^.^^.^^ ^^^^^^ 

THE ■VTAK DEPAKTMEIS^T 

Has charge of business growing out of military affairs, keeps the 
records of the army, issues commissions, directs the movement of 
troops, superintends their payment, stores clothing arms and equip- 
ments and ordnance, constructs fortifications, and conducts works 
of military engineering, and river and harbor improvements. 

Deparftnenf Officers. Salary 



,000 



Secretary of War-RoBERT T. Lincoln, of Illinois 2*500 

fhipf r.lprk— H T. Crosby, of Pennsylvania • • • • •'••■ 

I^Sctor General- Brevet^Major General Delos B. Sackett, of Maja 

JX Advocate G^ McKee Dunn o^ Indiana . . 

Ailintant General— Brevet Major General Richard O. Druin. ot renn 

QSr mSS General-Bre.4t Major Ge^e-1 Rufus ingaUs. of Maine. . . . 
Commissary General-Brigadier General Robert Macfeely. of Penn ....... ^ 

Surgeon General— Brevet Major General -R^-nwn' oV*N Y 

Pavmaster General-Brevet Brigadier General Nathan J- Brow^ of K 

Cmef of Bureau of Engineers-Brevet Major ^ej^v ?J ff nf Morida 

Chief of Ordnance Bureau-Brigadier General S V. Ben6t of llonaa. 

Signal Ofacer-Brevet-Major General Wm. B. Hazen, of Vermont 

Bureau of MiUtary Justice— David G. Swaim, of Ohio . . 

General Officers of Begular Army. 



KAUE AND KAXK. 



ENTRY IKTO 
SKRVICK. 



LUuienant-General. 
Philip H. Sheridan ... 

Major-Qenerali. 
WliifieldS. Hancock.. 

Jiilin M, Schofield 

John Pope 



APPOINTEU 
FROM. 



NAME AND RANK. 



IeNTHY INTO APPOINTED 
SKR\1CK. FltOM. 



July 1, 1853 Ohio. 



July 1, 1844 Penna. 
July 1, ItST California. 
July 1, 1842 Illinois. 



Btlired List 

General. 
Wm. T. Sherman . . 



BrU/adier-GentraU. 

Oliver 0. Howard July 1, 1854 Maine. 

Alfred H. Terry Jan. 15, 1865 Conn 

Christopher C. Augur.. Juy 1, {^J New York. 

Georee Crook July 1. 18.')2 Ohio. 

NdJo^n A. M,l.s July 2S, ld66 Mas8. 



Major General*. 

Irwin McDowell 

John C. Robinson . . . 

Daniel E. Sickles 

Samuel S. Carroll 



July 1, 1S40 Ohio. 



July 1, 1888 
Oct. 27, 1839 
Nov. 29, 186-2 
July 1, 1866 



Ohio. 
New Tork. 
New York. 
Dlst. CoL 

Kentucky. 



jrm^^^rui'ckr."::: jS ]; g n- Yor^ 

EU Long June 27. 1850 Kentucky. 



12 TEE GENHEAL GOYSENMHin. 

MHitary Geographical Divisions and Departments. 

I. IXvision '^ the itiasoim. — Departments of Dakota, of the Missouri, of the Platte, and of 

Texas ) beadqaarters at Chicago, lUinois. 

% JHvigion nf the Atlaiitic. — The Xe^^ England Sta1»9, the States of "Kew Tort, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware. Maryland, Virginia, "West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, "Wisconsin, 
Indiana, and the District of Columbia ; headquarters at Kew York City. 

S. Division of the Pacific. — Departments of California , of the Columbia, and of Arizona ; liead- 
quarters at San iVancisco, California. 

4. Division of the South. — Departments of the South and of the Gulf; headquarters at Louis- 

ville, Kentucky. 

5. Department of the Misso^iri. — The States of Missouri, Kansas and Illinois, Mid the Territo. 

ries of Colorado and New Mexico, and Camp Supply, Indian Territory ; headquarters at 
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. 

6. Department of the Platte. — The States of Iowa and Nebraska, and the Territories of Vtah 

and "Wyoming ; headquarters at Omaha, Nebraska. 

7. Department of DaTcota. — The State of Minnesota, and the Territories of Dakota and Mom- 

tana ; headquarters at St. Paul, Minnesota. 

8. Department of California. — The State of Nevada, the poet of Fort Hall, Idaho TerritOTy, 
and 80 much of the State of California as lies north of a line from the north-west comer 
of Arizona Tenitory to Point Conception, Galifomia ; headquarters at San Francisco, 
California. 

S. Department of the Columbia. — The State of Oregon, and the Territories of "Washington, 
Idaho, excepting Fort Hall, and Alaska ; headquarters at Portland. Oregon. 

10. Department of Arizona. -The Territory of Arizona, and so much of the State of CaUfomia 
as lies south of a line from the north-west corner of Arizona Territory to Point Concep- 
tion, California ; headquarters at Prescott, Arizona Territory. 

II. Department of the South. — The States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 

(sxoept the Gulf posts from Pensacola Harbor to Fort Jeflferson and Key "West, inclusive), 
Alabama, including the posts in ilobile Bay, Tennessee and Kentucky ; headquarters at 
Louisville, Kentucky. 

12. Department of Texas. — The State of Texas and the Indian. Territory, excepting Camp Sup- 
ply ; headquarters at San Antonio, Texas. 

Is. Departm-ent of the Gulf. — The States of Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi, and the Gtalf 
posts as far eastward as, and embracing. Fort Jeflferson and Key "West, Florida, ex^ud* 
ing the poitS jli jUqI^Uo B^y ; headquarters at New Orleans. Louisiana. 

THE NAVY DEPAHTMENT "^ 

Has charge of tlie Naval Establisliment and all bnsiness coimected 
therewith, issues Naval Commissions, instructions and orders, super- 
vises the enlistment and discharge of seamen, the Marine Corps, the 
construction of Na-v^ Yards and Docks, the construction and equip- 
ment of Vessels, the purchase of provisions, stores, clothing and ord- 
nance, the conduct of surveys and hydrographical operations. 

Department Officers. 

Salary. 

Secretary of the Navy— "^^'illiam E. Chaxdlfr. nf \ew Hampshire 8.000 

Chief Clerk—John W. Hogg, of District of Columbia 2.500 

Superiuteudenl of Naval Observatory— Kear-Aclmiral John Kodgers 

Hvdrographic Office— Captain S. R. Franklin 

Superintendent National Almanac— Prof. Simon Ne-wcomb 

Commandant of Murine Corps— Colonel C. G. McCawley 

Chief Signal Officer — Commodore John C. Beaumont - 

Chi-3f of^Bureau of Yards and Docks— Commodore Edward T. Nichols .... 

Civil Eacjiaeer— W. P- S. Sanger 

Chief of Navigation Bureau — Commndore John G. Walker 

C'lief of Bureau of Ordnance— Commodore Montgomery Secard 

C'jief of Bireau of Provisions and Clothing— Joseph A. SauLii, of Maine... 
Chief of B'lreau of :Mediciiie and Surgery— Surieon-Gfu. f liilip S. V\ ales. . 
lief of Bureau of Construction and Repairs— Theodore D. Wilson, of N. Y. 
Chief of Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting— Commodore Earl English.. 

Chief of Bureau of Steam Engineering- Chief Engineer W. H. Shock 

Judge Advocate General — William B. Reme}', TJ 9. M. Corps 3.500 



IME GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 
Officers of the Navy. 



13 



NAME AND BANK. 


STATE 
FROM. 


KNTET INTO 
SERVICE. 


NAMK 'AND BANK. 


STATE 
FEOM. 


BNTKT INTO 
SSBVICE. 








Commodores. 








Admiral. 






Active List. 








David D. Porter 


Penn 


Feb. 2, 1829 


Chas. H. Bildwlu 

i R. W. Shnfeldt 


New York 
New York 


April 
Mav 


21,1839 




11.18:39 








Thomas Patttson 


New York 


March 3, 18:^9 








Wm. N.Jeflfers 


N.Jersey. 


Sept. 
Feb. 


2.5. 1840 


Viae-AdTniral. 






Edward Simoson 


New York 


11.1840 








Wm. G. Temple 


V^ermont . 


April 


IS, 1S40 


Stephen C. Rowan 


Ohio 


Feb. 1, 1826 


• Thomas S. Phelps 


N.Jersey. 


Jan. 


17,1810 








Clark H. Wells 


Penn 


Sept. 
Fel). 


25,1840 








, Stepn P. Quackenbush. 

EarlEnglish 

.John H. Upshur 


New York 


1.5. 1840 


near-Admirals. 






N.Jersey. 
Virginia.. 


Feb. 
Nov. 


25. 1840 
4 18 ii 


Active List. 






A. A. Serames 

1 Francis A. Roe 


Maryland. 
New York 




1841 
1811 


Robert H.AVvman 


S.H ' 


March 11, 1837 ' 


Samuel R. Frankli n .... 


Penn 




1841 


George B.Balch 


Alabama.. 


Dec. 30. 18:17 ' 


Edward V. McCauley... 


Pe n 




1841 


Thomas H. Stevens 


Penn. .. ;.. 


Dec. 14,1836 ' 


.T. C.P. DeKrafft 


lUinolB.. . 




1841 


Andrew Rryson... 


New York 


Dec. 1. 1837 


Oscar G. Badeer 


Penn 




1841 


Pierce Crosby 


Penn 


June 5, 18:58 


Stephen B.Luce 


New York 




ISJl 


J. W. A. Nicholson 


New York 


1SCI3 


John Lee Davis 


Indiana... 




1841 


Georfre H.Cooper 


New York 


18^57 


Wm. T.Truxtun 


Penn 




1S41 


Aaron K. Hug-hes 


New York 


1838 


Jonathan Young 


Illinois. .. 




1841 


Edmund R. Colhoun 


Missouri.. 


1839 


"William K. Mayo 


Virginia.. 




1841 



THE DEPAKTMEKT OF THE INTERIOR 

Has charge of the survey, management, sales and grants of Public 
Lands, the examination of Pension and Bounty Land claims, the 
management of Indian affairs, the examination of Inventions and 
award of Patents, the collection of Statistics, the distribution of 
Seeds, Plants, etc., the taking of Censuses, the management of Gov- 
ernment mines, the erection of Public Buildings, and the construc- 
tion of wagon roads to the Pacific. 

Department Officert. 

Salary. 

Secretary of the Interior— Henry M. Teller, of Colorado $8,uOO 

Assistant Secretary — Merritt L. Joslyn, of Illinois 3,500 

General Land Office — N. C. McFarland, of Eansts, Commissioner 4,OoO 

Indian Office^Hiram Price, of Iowa, " 3,500 

Pension Office— W. "W. Dudley, of Indiana. " 3,600 

Patent Office— Edgar M. Marble, of Michigan, " 4,500 

Bureau of Education — John Eaton, of Tennessee " 8,000 

Census Office— George W. Richards, of Ohio. Acting Superintendent 

Director of Geological Survey— John W. Powell, of Illinois 6,000 

Commissioner of Railroads — Wm. H, Armstrong, of Penn 4,600 

Architect of the Capitol — Edward Clark, of Penn 4,600 

THE POST OFFICE DEPAKTMENT 

Has charge of the Postal System, the estabhshment and discon- 
tinuance of Post Offices, appointment of Postmasters, the contracts 
for carrying the mails, the Dead Letter Office, maintains an inspec 
tion to prevent frauds, mail depredations, etc. 



14 TSE QENERAL GOVERNMENT. 

Deparimeni Officers. 

SaVaiy. 

Postmaster-General— -Waltkr Q. Grksham, of Indiana $8,000 

Appointment Office — 1st Assistant P. M. General, Frank Hatton, of Iowa. ... 3, 500 

Contract Office— 2d Assistant P. M. General, Richard A. Elmer, New York,.i 3,500 

Finance Office— 3d Assistant P. M. General, Abraham D. Ilazen, Penn 3,500 

Superintendent of Money Order System — C. F. McDonald, of Mass 3,000 

Superintendent of Foreign Mails — J. H. Blackfan, of New Jersey 3,000 

Superintendent of Free Delivery — K. W. Gurley, of Louisiana 3,000 

Superintendent of Dead Letter Office— E. J. Dallas, of Kansas. 3,000 

General Superintendent E. E. Mail Service — W. B. Thompson, of Ohio 3,000 

Auditor Railroad Accounts — , 2,000 

Superintendent of Bank Agency — Dudley W. Ehodes, of Ohio 3,000 

Topographer — W. F. Nicholson, of D. C 

DEPAHTMEKT OT JUSTICE. 

The Attorney-General, who is the head of this department, is the 
legal adviser of the President and heads of departments, examines 
titles, applications for pardons, and judicial and legal appointments, 
conducts and argues suito in which Government is concerned, etc. 

Departmeni Officers. 

Salary. 

Attorney-General— Benjamin II. Brewster, of Pennsylvania $8,000 

Assistant Attorney-General— William A. Maury, of Diat of CoL 5,000 

do do Thomas Simons, of New York 5,000 

Solicitor-General— Samuel F. Phillips, of North Carolina 7,000 

Assistant Att'y-General for Dep. of Int. — Joseph K. McCammon, of Penn 5,000 

do do P. O. Department — Alfred A. Freeman, of Tenn 4,000 

Solicitor of Internal Eevenue — C. Chesley, of New Hampshire 4,500 

Solicitor of the Treasury — Kenneth Eaynor, of Mississippi 4,500 

Assistant Solicitor of Treasury — Joseph H. Eobinson 3,000 

Examiner of Claims for State Department — H. O'Connor, of Iowa 3,500 

Law Clerk and Examiner of Titles — A. J. Bentley, of Ohio 2,700 

Chief Clerk— George C. Wing, of Ohio 2,200 

THE JUDICIAET. 
Supreme Court of the United States. 

Appointed. 

1874. — MoBBisoN R. WAriE, of Ohio .... Chief Justice. 

Atao. Jus. 

1863.— Stephen J. Field, California do 

1862.— Samuel F. Miller, of Iowa. do 

1880.— "W. B. Woods, Alabama do 

1877. — John M. Harlan, Kentucky do 

1881.— Horace Gray, of Massachusetts do 

1870. — Joseph P. Bradley, New Jersey do 

1881. — Stanley Mattliews, Ohio do 

1882. — Samuel Blatch ford. New York do 

The Court holds one general term, annually, at Washington, D. 
C, commencing on the first Monday in December. 

Salaty. 

James H. McKenney, of Washington, Clerk 

William T. Otto, of Washington, D. C, Eeporter 

John G. Nicolay, of Illinois, Marshal...^ 



Age. 
66 


Salary. 
$10,500 


65 
69 

70 
67 


10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 




10,000 
10,000 




10.000 




10,000 



THE GSXESAL GOTERNMEyX. 15. 

CircuU Judges of the United iitates. 

Salary. 

PmsT CiBCTJrr. — (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Ehodo Island) 

—John Lowell, of Boston, Mass $G,000 

Second CmcTJiT. — (Vermont, Connecticut, Northern New York, Southern 

New York, and Eastern New York)— William J. Wallace, New York . . . 6,000 
Thikd Ciecuit. — (New Jersey, Eastern Pennsylvania, Western Pennsylvania, 

Delaware) — William McKennan, of Pennsylvania 6,0 <| 

Fourth Circuit.— (Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina and 

South Carolina)— Hugh L . Bond, Maryland 6,000 

Fifth Ciecuit.— (Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, 

Colorado, Misssouri, and Nebraska)— Don A. Pardee, of Louisiana. . . 6,000 
Sixth Ciecuit.— (Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennesee)— John Baxter, 

of Tennessee 6,000 

Seventh Cibcuit.— (Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin)— Thomas Drummond, 

of nUnois 6,000 

Eighth Circuit. — (Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas) — 

Geo. W. McCrary, of Iowa 6,000 

Ninth Ciecuit. — (California, Oregon and Nevada) — Lorenzo Sawyer, of 

California 6,000 

District Courts. — Judges. (States.) 

Alabama, N. D., M. D. and S. D. — John Bruise, of Montfjomery, Ala. Arkansas, 
"W. D.— I. C. Parker, of Fo>t Smith, Ark.; E. D.— H. C. Caldwell, of Little Rock. 
Ark. California — Ogdea Pluffman, of San iirancisco. Colorado — Moses Hallett, 
of Denver. CoNyECTicux — Nathaniel Shipman, of Hartford. Delaware — Edward 
G. Bradford, of Wilmington. Flouoa, N. D. — Thomas Settle, of Jacksonville; S. 
D. — James W. Locke, of Key West. Georgia, N. D. — Henry K. McKay, of At- 
lanta; S. D. — John Erskine, of Atlanta. Illinois, N. D. — Henry W. Blodgett, of 
Chicago; S. D. — Samuel H. Treat, Jr., of Springfield. Indiana — William C. 
Woods, of Goshen. Iowa, N. D. — Oliver P. Shiras ; S. D. — James M. Love, of 
Keokuk. Kansas — Cassius G. Foster, of Atchison. Kentucky — John W. Barr, of 
Louisville. Louisian.^, E. D. — Edward C. Billings, of New Orleans; W. D. — Aleck 
Boarman, of Shreveport. Maine — Nathan Webb, of Portland. Maryland — Thos. 
J. Morris, of Baltimore. Massacbusrtts— T. L. Nelson, of Boston. Michigan, E. D. 
— H. B. Brown, of Detroit ; \V. D. — S. L. Withey. of Grand Rapids. Minnesota — 
B. R. Nelson, of St. Paul. Mississippi, N. D. and S. D.— Robert A. Hill, of Oxford. 
Missouri, E. D. — Samuel Treat, of St. Louis; W. D. — Arnold Krekel, of Jefferson 
City. Nebraska — Ehner S. Dundy, of Falls City. Nevada — George M. Sabin, of 
Carson. New Hampshire — Daniel Clark, of Manchester. New Jersey — John T. 
Nixon, of Trenton. New York, N. D— Alfred C. Coxf^ of Utica; S. D.— Addison 
Brown, of New York; E. D. — Charles L. Benedict, of Brooklyn. North Carolina. 
E. D. — Augustus tSeymour, of Newbern ; W. D. — Robert P. Dick, of Greensboro'. 
Ohio. N. D. — Martin Welker, of Wooster; S, D. — A. K. Sage. Oregon — Matthew P. 
Deady, of Portland. Pennsylvania. E. U. — \ViUiam Butler, of Philadelphia; W. D. 
— Mark W. Acheson, of I'ittsburgh. Rhode Island— Le Baron B. Colt, of Provi- 
dence. South Carolina — Geor;-e S. Bryan, of Charleston. Tennessee. E. D. and 
M.D.— David M Key, of Knoxvdle; W D.—E. S. Hararaonl. of Memphis. Texas, 
E. 1).— Amos Morrili, of Galveston; W. D.—E. S. Turner, of Austin; N. D.— A, P. 
McCormick, of Dallas, Vermont — Hoj't II. Wheeler, of Burlington. Virginia, E. 
D. — Robert W. Hughes, of Norfolk; VV. D. — Vacant. West Virginia — John J. 
Jackson, Jr.. of Parkersburg. Wisco.vsin, E. D.— Charles E. Dyer, of Racine; W. 
D. — Romanza Hunn. of Madison. Of these District Judges, two (Cal. and Col.) re- 
ceive $5,000 each; one (La.) $4,500; nine (Md., Mass., N. J., N. Y. 3, Penn. 2, and 
W. D. Ohio) $4,000; all the remainder, $3,500 each. 

Dist7'iet Courts.— fudges. (Territories.) 

Arizona — C. G. W, French. Dakota — Alonzo J. Edgerton. Idaho — John T. 
Morgan. Montana — D. S. Wade. New Mexico— S. B. Axtell. Utah— John A. 



16 THE &EKERAL GOVERNMENT. 

Hunter. Washinqton — Roger 3. Greeae. Wyoming — James B. Sener. District 
OF CoLCMBiA— David K. Cartter, Chief Justice, $4,500. Alexander B. Hag:ner. 
"Walter S. Cox, Charlss P. James, Andrew Wylie, Arthur McArthur, Associates, 
$4,000 each. 

Court of Claims. 

Salary. 

C. D. Drake, Missouri, Chief Justice $4,500 

4,500 

Glenni W. Scofield, Pennsylvama 4,500 

Charles C. Nott, New York 4,500 

"William A. Richardson, Mass 4,500 

J. C. Bancroft Davis, New York 4,500, 

Archibald Hopkins, Clerk 3,000 

John Eandolph, Assistant Clerk 2,000 

Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims. 

Presiding Justice — Hezekiah G. Wells $6,000 

Jud^e — James Harlan, of Iowa 6,000 

Judge —Asa French, of Mass 6.000 

DEPAETMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 

Salary. 

Commissioner of Agriculture— Geoege B. Loeing, of Massachusetts $3,000 

Chief Clerk— E. A. Carman, of New Jersey 1,800 

Statistician — C. Worthington, of Maryland 2,000 

Entomologist— C. V. Riley 2,000 

Chemist — Pet«r Coll ier, of Vermont 2,000 

Superintendent of Botanical Gardens — Wm . Saunders, of Pennsylvania 

Superintendent of Seed Eoom — A. Glass, of Dist. of Columbia 

Botanist — G. Vasey, of Illinois 

Librarian — E. H. Stevens, of Louisiana 

Disbursing Clerk — B. F. Fuller, of Illinois 



GO"VT:EirMENT PRINTING OEFICE; 

Salary. 

Congressional Printer— Steeling P. Rounds, of Illinois 3,600 

Chief Clerk— A. F. Childs, of Dist. Columbia 



DEPAETMEKT OF EDUCATION. 

Salary. 

Commissioner of Education— Gen. John Eaton, Jr., of Tenn $3,000 

Chief Clerk— Charles Warren 1,800 

Translator — Herman Jacobson 



UNITED STATES MINT ANB BRANCHES. 

A. Landon Snowden, Superintendent Philadelphia 

Thomas C . Acton, do New York 

Henry L. Dodge, do San Francisco, Cal 

Henry S. Foote , do New Orleans, La. 

James Crawford, do Carson City, Nev 

'Calvin J. Cowles, Assayer Charlotte, N.C 

Herman Silver, do Denver, Col 

Wm. Penn Prescott, do Carson City, Nev 

Albert Walters, do Boise City, Idaho 

Charles Rumley, do Helena, Montana 

Benjamin F. Flanders, Treasurer, New Orleans, La 



THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 17 



THE LEGISLATIVE BEAKCH OF THE GOVEKNMENT. 

The National Legislature consists of a Senate of two members from 
each State, making tlie full Senate now consist of seventy-six members, 
and a House of Representatives, now having two hundred and ninety-threo ^ 
members. The Senators are chosen by the Legislatures of their several 
States, for a term of dix years, either by concurrent vote or by joint ballot, 
as the State may prescribe. The members of the House of Representa- 
tives are usually elected by a plui-ality vote in districts of each State, 
whose bounds are prescribed by the Legislature, for the term of two years. 
In a few instances they have been electtd at large : i. e.,by the plurality 
vote of the entire State. 

The Constitution requires nine yearc' citizenship to qualify for admis- 
sion to the Senate, and seven years to the Moube of Representatives* 
fin act approved July 26, 1866, requires the Legislature of each State 
which shall be chosen next preceding the expiration of any Senatorial 
term, on the second Tuesday after its first meeting, to eioct a successor, 
each House naminating viva voce, and then convening in Joint Assembly 
lo compare nominations. In case of agreement, sueh person shall be 
declared duly elected ; and if they do not agree, then balloting to continue 
irom day to day at 12 M. during the session until choice, has been made. 
Vacancies are to be filled in like manner. The members ol each 
House receive a salary of $5,000 per annum, and actual mileage at 
twenty cents per mile. For each day's absence, except when caused 
by sickness, $8 per diem is deducted from the salary. The Speaker 
of the House of Eepresentatives receives $10,000. 



CONGKESSIONAL DISTEICTS. 

The House of Representatives of the United States is composed of 
members elected by Districts. The number apportioned to the States has 
\»aried at each decennial census, as shown by the followmg Table : 

C^'^s^- When Apportioned. Whole No. Eep. Eatio, One to 
Uy Coustitution , 65 . ... ^, 

1^00 Jau. 14, 1802 141 . 23 000 

^^^ Dee. 21, 18U 181 ::::::"::"::::.^ 

1;^ Mar.h7, 1822 'J12 40 OOC 

■^^0 May 22, 1832 240 46:700 

'*^40 June 2o, 1842 y^3 70 C60 

18ri0 JiijySO, 1852 233 93'423 

|g^" April-. 18fil 242 '...'.'.liiim 

*S70 Dec— 1871 , 281 ..142.000 

^*=S0 Alar. — , i8S2 . . .325 ISi'siG 



18 



THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT 



Presidents under the Federal Constitution. 



Names. 



G-eorge AVasljiii]2:toii, of Virginia . . 
J >hii Adams, nf AlassacbusettB . . . 

Tlioiua.s J etletsoii . of Virgiuia 

James Madison, of Viiginia 

James Mouioe, of Tir;;iiiia 

John Quincy Adams, of Mass 

Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee' ' . 
Martin Van Buien, of JV'ew York 
William Henry ilaiiison, of Oliio 
John Tyler, ofMrginia, Tice-Pres 
ident, succeeded I'rcsident Hard. 

son, who died A j)ril 4. 1841 

James K. folk, of Tennessee .. 
Zacliary Taylor, of Louisiana 
Millaid Fillmore, of K. Y., Tice- 
f resident, succeeded J'res Taylor 

"srho died July 9, If.'iO 

Franklin I'iercc, of K. Hrtmp.siiire 
James JJuchauan, cf Peimsyhania 

Abraham J.incoln, <;f Illinois 

Andrert' Jolin.son, Yice-Presidcnt 
eucceedcd President Lincoln, 'wlio 
was a.s.sassinated April 14 ]8(J5 
Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois . 
llutherford 15. Hayes, if Ohio. ..." \ 

K James A. (iarHeld. of Oliio \ 

. Chester A.Artunr. of N.Y., Vice- 
President. succe<ded President 
Garfield, who was assasinated July 
2, but liyed till Sept. 19, ls81 .... 



Inaugurated. Lorn 



April 30, 1789 
Mar. 4—1797 
Mar. 4-.ieoi 
ISIar. 4—1809 
Mar. 4—1817 
Mar. 4-1825 
I^Iar. 4-1829 
Mar. 4—1837 
Mar. 4—1841 



Apr. 4—1841 
Mar. 4 — 1845 
Mar. 4—1849 



July 9— la-iO 
Mar. 4—1853 
Mill. 4— 1S57 
Mar. 4— 18(il 



Apr. 15-1865 
a^jr. 4— loi,., 
Mar. 4—1877 
i\lar. 4— 1881 ; 1831 



Ako at 
Inaugu- 
ration. 



1732 
1735 
1743 
1751 
1759 
17C7 
17(17 
1782 
1773 



1790 
1795 
17b4 



ISOO 
1804 
1791 
1309 



1803 
]>22 
1859. J 



57 
C2 

58 
58 
58 
58 
C2 



47 
55 
49 



V I ills 

in 
office. 



Died! 



l>ec. 14, 1799 
July 4— 182G 
July 4-1820 
Juno 2S, 1 S3G 
JuK- 4-1^31 
Feb. 2!. 1^48 
Juno 8 — 1845 
July 24, 1862 
April 4,1841 



Jan. 17, 18G2 
June 15, 1849 
July 9—1850 



Mar. 8—1874 
Oct. 8—1869 
June 1— 18C9 
April 15, 1865 



Sep.22— 1S81 i 1825 

Vice-Presidents. 



06 



4 July 31,ic75 67 

I . 
ii ■■ Sept. 19, 1881 



Names. 


Inaugurated. 


Bom. 


Died. 


1. John Adams, of Massachusetts 

2. Thomas Jetterson, of Virginia 


1789 
1797 
1801 
1805 
1813 
1817 
1825 
1833 
1337 
1841 
1345 
1849 
1853 
1857 
1861 
1865 
1869 
1873 
1877 
1S81 


1735 
1743 
175G 
1739 
1744 
1744 
1782 
1782 
1780 
1790 
1792 
1800 
1786 
1821 
1809 
1808 
1823 
1812 


182G 
1820 


3. Aaron Jinrr, of New York 


1836 


4. George Clinton, of New York 


1812 


5. Elbridgo Gerry, ofMassaclnisetta 

6. Daniel D. Tonipkins, of New York 


1814 
1825 


7. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina. 


1850 


8. Martin Van Biiren, of New York 

9. Ivicbard JI. Jobnson, of Kentucky . . . 


1862 
1850 


10. John Tyler, of Virginia 


1862 


11. Geor2,e']SI. Dallas, of Pennsylvania 


1865 


12. Millard FiUniore, of New York 

13. William R. King, qf Alabama 

14. John ('. BreckenridL'c, of Kentucky 


1874 
1853 
1875 


15. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine 




16. Andrew John.son, of Tennessee 


1^7S 


17. Schu\ ler Colfax, of Indiana 




X8. Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts 


U75 


19. William A. Wheeler, of New York 




l'^. Chester A. Arthur, of New York 


t 



Chief Justices oftlic Supreme Court of the United States. 



Name. 



John Jay 

^ohn Rutledge . . . 
Oliver Ellsworth . 
John Marshall . . . 
■Eoger B. Taney.. 
Salmon P. Chase . 



New York 

South (;ai-oliua. . 

Connecticut 

Virginia 

Maryland 

Oiiio 



Term of 
Service. 



1789—1795 
179,5—1795 
1796—1801 
1801—1836 
1836—1864 
lPf,4_1873 



1745 
1739 
17.52 
1755 
1777 
1808 
1«25 



Died. 



Morrtaon R. Waif | OMo -. ( ir?*— ... 

Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. 



1829 
1800 
180T 
1836 
1864 
1873 



N.VJIE. 



State. 



Term of 
Service. 



John Kutledgo 

William Cuslung 

James W ilsou 

John Blair 

Robert H. Harrisou 

James Iredill 

Thomas .'olinson . . . 
William I'atterson . 



South Carolina, 
!Massaciinsi'tts . 
J'ennsylvania - 

Virginia 

Maryland ' 

North Carniina 

Maryland 

Nev.' .'"".sey. .. 



1789—1791 
1789—1810 
1789-1798 
1789—1796 
1789—1789 
1790—1799 
1791-1793 
1793— leOG 



Born. 



1739 
1733 
1742 
1732 
1745 
1750 
1733 
1743 



Died. 



1800 
1810 
1798 
1800 
1790 
1799 
1819 
18«f> 



THE GENERAL OOVERNMEITT 



19 



Associate Justices o/tJie Supremo Court of the U. S. (Continued.) 



Name. 



6an)nel Chase 

Bashrod Washington. . 

Alfred Moore 

"William Johnston 

Brockholst Livingston 

Thomas Todd 

Joseph Story 

Gabriel Duval 

Smith Thompson 

Robert Trimble , 

John McLean , 

Henry Baldwin 

James M. Wayne 

Philip ]£. Barbour 

John Catrou 

John McKinley 

Peter "V . Daniel 

Samuel Nelson 

Levi Woodbury 

Robert C. Grier 

Benjamin R. Curtis 

James A. Campbell 

Nathan Clitforcl 

Noah n. Swavne 

Samuel F. Miller 

David Davis 

Stephen J. Field 

William Strong 

Joseph P. Bradley 

Ward Hunt 

John M. Harlan 



State. 



Term of 
Service. 



Maryland 1796—1811 

Virginia 17!)8~-1829 

North Caroliua 17!»9— IfiOl 

Soutli Caroliua 1S04— 1K14 

New York 1800-1823 

Kentucky 1807— 182U 

Mas.sachusett8 l&l 1—1815 

Maryland 1811—1835 

Now York 13^3—1845 

Kentucky 1820'— 182!) 

Ohio *. ., 1829— ISCl 

Pennsylvania 1830— ie4r) 

Georgia 1835-1807 

Virginia 1830-1841 

Toiinesseo 1837 — 1805 

Alabama 1837—1852 

Virginia ,.. 1841-1800 

New York 18iS— 1851 

New Hampshiio . . 1845—1851 

Pcnnsylvai'if. 1840 — 1870 

Ma.s.sachus<itt3 1851 — 1857 

Alabama..., 1853— lf5(; 

Maine 1858— 1R81 

Ohio 1S62— 1881 

Towa 18fi2— 

Illinois 1802-1877 

California 186:) — 

Pennsyl rama 1870— J8S2 

New '^fr.«ey T^^f) 

New York '. . . . | 1873—1 8S3 

Kentucky 187'T— 

Alnbaran I IgSO 



WiUiaiu 11. \Vooda 

Ctanley Matthews j Ohio | 1 

Horace Gray I Mass 1882 

Samuel Blatchford I New York If^SS 



Bom. 



1741 
1759 
1755 
1771 
1757 
1705 
1779 
1751 
1707 
1770 
1785 
1779 
I'dSC 
1779 
1780 

1785 

1:92 

1790 
1794 
1809 
1802 
1803 
1805 
1810 
1815 
1817 
m09 
1813 
1811 
1814 
18J6 
1824 
IS'.'S 
1820 



Died. 



1811 
1829 
1810 
1834 
1823 
1826 
1845 
1844 
1845 
1829 
1861 
1846 
1807 
1841 
1805 
1852 
1800 
1863 
1851 
1870 



1881 



APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIYES. 



NEW APPORTIONMENT BILL. 

BeiteiwcU-d, d-c. That .ifter the 3(1 of Mnrch, 1883, th^ nousc of Tlppresentatlves shall bo composed 
Of 325 members, to be apportioned among the sever..! States a.3 f j1Io\vs : 



Alabama 8 

Arkimsas, 5 

California 6 

Colorado 1 

Connectlcnt .... 4 

Delaware 1 

Florida 2 

Georgia 10 



Illinois 20 

Indiana 13 

Iowa 11 

Kansas 7 

Kentucky 11 

Louisiana 6 

Maine 4 

Maryland 6 



Maesachusetts.. 1*3 I New Jersey.... 7 

Michigan 11 I Ne^v York S4 

Minnesota 5 | Nortli Carolina. 9 

Mississippi 7 | Ohio 21 

Missouri 14 i Oregon 1 

Nebraska 3 I Pennsylvania.. 2S 

Nevada 1 I llhode Island... 2 

New Hampshire 2 | 



Sonth rarollna 1 

Tennesset; 10 

Texas 11 

Vermont 3 

Virplnia 10 

West Vl-nrinia. 4 
WisconLln 9 



assi 



Seo. 3. That whenever a new State is adm1tt:;d to the Union, the R;presentatl73 
isigaed to it shall ba ii aiJitioa i > tlie uumojr.SJS. 



or K:pr 



:ta ivos 



Seo. 8. 'I hat in eachStata entitled und'irthis apportionment, the nnnber It which RUOliSt,it-;raavbe 
entitled In the Forty-eighth and each subsequent Conares;, su.i!i u^ ol jctjd by ilistrlc s c )mp3sed ot 
contiguous territory, and containing as nearly as practicable ai eqaal number of inhuitaata, and 
equal in number to the Re res ntativos to which such State mav bi eatitleJ i i Coagrcs=i, no one dis- 
trict electiii;j more than one Representative; proyi Jed, that unless the Legislature of such State- 
Bhall othprwis3 provide, before the election of such IJep.ese.itatives shall take pldco as provided by 
Jaw, where no change shiU be hereby mads in the representation of a State, the Ujd eaeutativos 
thereof to the Forty-eighth Congress shall be elected therel i as nowprovidad bylaw. If he number 
OS hereby provided for shall be larser than it was before this change, then the additional Uepresen- 
tatlve or Representatives allowed to said State, under this npportionme it may t«c elected by the State 
al large, and the other Reorese tatives to which the State is eatitleil by the districts as n,iw pre- 
scribed by law In said '■ tate, an I If the number hereby providod for shall in any State be Il-ss than It 
Was before the r hatige hereby made, then the whole number to such State hereby provideil for shall 
peelected at large, unless the Legislatures of said States have provided or shall otS'^-'vlse proridft 
•afore ttte time fixed by law for the next election of licprescntativea therein. < 



Expense of maintaining the government, not including the interest 
on the bonds, for each j-ear from 1861 to 1832 : 



June 30, 1862 $.570,841,700 25 

1863 714,709,995 58 

1864 865, '234,087 86 

1865 1,29 >,312,9S2 41 

" 1S66 1,141,072,666 09 

" 1867 846,720,124 33 

18(18 377,340,284 00 

" 1869 321,490,597 75 

" 1870 309,653,560 75 

" 1871 292,177,188 25 

" 1872 '270,559,695 91 



Juno 80, 1873 $262,254,216 97 

1874 302,633,873 76 

1875 288,447,543 16 

1876 258,4-.9,797 10 

1877 238,6';0,(i08 93 

" 1S78 233,964,323 80 

• " 1879 161. 619,933 53 

1880 171,885,382 07 

1881 178,204,146 41 

1882 186,905,232 78 



20 



VALUATION OF PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES IN 19S0. 



Assessed and true Valuation of Properly in the United States in 1880 ; Taxes of each State and TernUr^ 
State Debts ; Capital Invested in and Product of Manufactures in 1880. 







t ^ CO 1- cs 



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f-ioo3^iccot«aooa 



THE PUBLIC DEBT. 



21 



PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

JANUARY 1, 1884. 

Diht benring Interest. 

Bonds at 3 per cent ' $274,937,250 

Bonds at 4^ per cent 250,000,000 

Bonds at 4 per cent 737,632,750 

Refunding Certificates 815,150 

Navy Pension Fund 14,000,000 

Principal $1,276,885,150 

Interest 11,831,895 

Debt on tohich Interest has ceased since Maturity. 

Principal $15,138,795 

Interest. . 336,199 

Debt bearing no Interest. 

Old Demand and Legal-Tender Notes $346,739,396 

Certificates of Deposit 14,560,000 

Fractional Currency 6,989,428 

Gold and Silver Certificates 200,930,531 

Principal $569,219,655 

Unclaimed Pacific R. R. Interest 4,229 

Amount of Fractional Currency estimated as lost or destroyed 8,375,934 

Total Debt. 

Principal .$1,861,243,600 

Interest 12,217,324 

Total $1,873,415,924 

CasJi in Treasury. 
Total Cash in Treasury, and Available Assets, January 1, 1884 $375,347,201 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, December 1, 1875 $2,117,917,133 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, December 1, 1876 2,089,336,099 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, December 1, 1877 2,040,027,066 

Debt less Cash in the Trcaniry, December 1, 1878 2,027,414,326 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, Decc;niber 1, 1879 2,016,049,723 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, October 1, 1880 1,015,594,183 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, December 1, 18S1 1,778,285,340 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, January 2, 18S3 1,007,543,676 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, July 2, 1883 1,551,091,207 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, January 1, 1884 1,498,068,723 

Decrease of debt since July 1, 1883 $53,022,484 

Bonds to Pacific Railway Companies^ Interest payable in Lawful Money. 

Principal outstanding $64,623,512 

Interest accrued and not j-et paid 1,615,587 

Interest paid by the United St;ites 59,222,093 

Interest repaid by Transportation of Mails, etc 17,631,894 

By Cash Payments 5 per cent, net earnings 655,198 

Balance of Interest paid by the United States 40,935,001 



22 



TUB PUBLIC DKP.T. 



THE PUBLIC DEBT.— JANUARY 1, 1884. 



THE LOANS MADE BY GOVERNMENT NOT YET REDEEMED. 



l.—Debt hearing Interest. 



TITLE OP LOAN. 



Funde.l I/>an, \^n U870-'T1). 
Funa«il Loan 19IT (ISTU-'Tl;. 

Resumption Loan, ls;»l 

Resumption Loan, 1!)JT. 
Three per cent. Bonds, 18S2. .. 
Refunding Certificates. 



Amount 
Issued 

in Thou- 
sands, i' « I 



250,000 



65,000 
3J,50 



When Redeemable. 



Amount 
Outstand- 
ing. 



Accrued 

Interest to 

Date. 



Na.vy Pension Fund | | 3 



4XAfter3ept 1, 1801 | 185,000.000 

4 i After Jul V 1 , 19 j7 ; 707,13-2,ToO 

4>^ Sept. 1, l^91 ' 6o,0<)0,0(m 

4 JJulyl,190T i 3ii,50*',00o| 

3 |After3year3 | 274,937,'250| 

...| I 8ln,150l 

I 14,000,000 



l$l,276,885,150l$ll,881,895 



2. — Pacific Railway Companies Loans. 



Iiilerest repAid 
by CransporU- 



ir cent. o( 
enrniDgs. 



TITLE OP LOAN 



Conditional -\\s.\t Xniereit now and all 
the principal and interest eventually to 
be paid by the Companies- 
Central Frtciflc 

Kansas P.icitio 

Union Pacific 

Central liri.nch of Union Pacific 

Western Pacific 

Sioux City and Pacific 



' $25,835.120 ■ 
1 6,303,000 
1 27,23t;.512 
! 1,600,000 
1 1.970,560 
i l,628,3-.i0j 

Totals $64,623,512 



Prinrinal Interest (Interest paid 

A, ... ^^fn„ Accrued and! bv the 
Outstandmg. ,^^^ ^^^ ^^j^ UnitedStates 



$1,615,587 



$59,222,093 



$1,615,587 $59,222,093 $i7,631,8:;4 



$17,631,894 



Balance of lutereat paid by tha United States, $40,935,001. 
3. — Debt on which the Interett ha'i ceased since maturity. 



\ Principal. 


Interest, 


Total. 




...i $15,138,' 


r95 


$336,199 










4. — Debt bearing no Interest. 



TITLS OP' DEBT. 



Principal. 



OW Demand and Legal Tender Notes ! *340, 739,396 

Certificates of D.-poiit 1 1,000,1^00 

Fractional CuiTency | 6,9,S9,4-J8 

Gold and Sih er Certificates. •' 200,930 531 

Am'lof lT.iO. ( i.r'. c-u.n:ue.l as lo3t or destroyed./ S,;3T6,9b4 



Remarks. 



* In the summer of 1S31, all iho 5 and 6 psr cent. Honds du3 .'t that tims were made payable at th« 
pleasure of the tiovernment at Sk p^r cent., or paid at maturity. The Bonds returned to the holders 
at :i}4 per cent... amounted to $5fi0 Q'l'.+X). These have since b-^en refunded Into 3 per cents., or paid 
off, till, at this tiaie, January, lSi4, they are uU paid ^.r cxchiingtd into 3 per cents. 



THS PJJBLia DEBT. 



23 



PUBLIC DEBT AT ITS MAXIMUM— CUKRENCY AT ITS COIN VALUE. 

The public debt reached its maximum on August 31, 1865, when it amounted to 
^,845,907,626, composed as follows: 

Funded debt $l,109,568,l!:j 

Matured debt 1,503,025 

Temporary loans 107,148,713 

Certificates of debt 85,093,000 

Five per cent, legal-tender notes 33,954,230 

Compound-interest legal-tender notes 217,024,160 

Seven-thirty notes 830,000,000 

United Slates notes, (legal tenders) 433,160,569 

Fractional Currency 26,344,742 

Suspended reqiiisiticns uncalled for 2,111,000 

Total $2,845,907,626 

Of these obligatioms $684,138,959 were a legal-tender in the payment of all 
debts, public and private, except customs, duties and interest on the pubHc debt. 

The amount of legal-tender notes, demand notes, fractional currency, and national 
currency, and national bank notes, outstanding on August 31, 1865, anJ annually 
thereafter, from January 1. 18G6, to January 1, 1883, are shown by the following 
table, together with the currency price of gold, and the gold price of currency, at 
each date: 



Date. 



Aug. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Kr7. 

De«. 

Jan. 
Jaly 
Jan. 



31, 1865 
1, 1866 
1, 1867 
1, 18C8 
1, 1869 
1, 1870 
1, 1871 
1, 1872 
1, 1873 
1, 187-1 
1, 1875 
1, 1876 
1, 1877 
1, 1878 
1, 1878 
1, 1S81 I 

1, l8^a 
1, ]8,s; I 
1, 1884 



United States Issue. 



Legal-tender 
Notes. 



§432,757,604 

425,839,319 

380,276,160 

356,000,000 

353,892,975 

3j6,000,000 

356,000,000 

357,500,000 

353,557,907 

378,401,702 

382,0.0,000 

371,827,220 

306,055,084 

349,943,770 

316,081,016 

846.081,016 
84t;.6il,Oiti 

n4i;,(;«ii,7 6 

346 631,016 



Old 
Demand 
Notes. 



$402,905 

392 070 

221,682 

159,127 

128,098 

1 13,098 

101,086 

92,801 

81,387 

79,037 

72,317 

09,642 

65.462 

63,532 

62,065 

69,900 
G!) 'Z'.it 
69, o:. 
5>.3«0 



rr.ictional 
Cuirtncy. 



826,344,742 

26,000,420 

28,732,812 

31,597,583 

34,215,715 

39,762,664 

39,995,089 

40,707,877 

45,722,061 

48,544,792 

46,390,598 

4t,] 47.072 

20,348,206 

17,764,109 

16,211,193 

7,093,129 
7,o'22.0T4 
7 I 00.001 
6,939.428 



Notes of na- 

tionalbanks 

including 

Gold Notes. 



$176,213,955 

298,588,419 

299,846,206 

299,747,569 

209,629,322 

299,904,029 

206,307,672 

328,465,431 

344,582,812 

350,848,236 

354,128,250 

346,479.756 

321,595,606 

321,072,505 

3-32,450,715 

361,220,003 
302.727,747 
;^.^o.^l.'>..51•> 
350,482,823 





't o 


Aggregate. 


t-§ 




c 2 

6^ 


-^ ' 




$635,719,260 


$144 25 


750,820,2:.^8 


144 50 


709,076,860 


133 00 


687,504,2:9 


133 25 


689,866,110 


135 00 


095,779,791 


120 00 


702,403,847 


110 75 


720,826,109 


109 50 


748,947,167 


112 00 


777,874,367 


110 25 


782,591,165 


112 50 


702,523,690 


112 75 


714,064,358 


107 00 


689,44.^,922 


102 87 


635,414,989 


100 25 



I 7 1 S.O.HI I 'S 
I T10,4;hj.i:2 
I Till .^'Mi 202 
104,211',652 I 



IM) 01 I 
100 00 
100 00 I 
100 I 



o3 



$69 33 
09 20 
75 18 
75 64 
74 07 
83 33 

90 29 

91 32 

89 23 

90 70 



93 40 
97 2t 

99 7S 

100 00 
]iK)0» 
100 00 

loo 09 



AA THE PUBLIC DEBT. 

EEDUCTION OP THE NATIONAL DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES, 

from March 1, 18G9, to January 1, 1883. 



DATES. 


1869 


Mar. 1. 


Jnne 1. 


Sept. 1. 
Dec. 1. 


1870 


Mar. 1. 


June 1 . 


Sept. 1. 
Dec. 1. 


1871 


Mar. 1. 


June 1 . 


Sept. 1. 
Dec. 1. 


1872 


Mar. 1. 


June 1. 


Sevt. 1. 
Dec. 1. 


1873 


Mar. 1. 


June 1. 


Sept. 1. 
Dec. 1. 



Debt of the 

tJiiiled States, 

less cash in the 

Tieasuri'. 



2,525,463,260 
2,505,412,613 
2,475,962,501 
2,453,559,785 

2,438.328,477 
2,4"6,562,371 
2,355.921,150 
2,334,308,494 

2,320,708,846 
2,299,134,184 
2,274,122,560 
2,248,251,367 

2,225,813,497 
2.193,517,o78 
2,177,322,020 
2,160,568,030 

2,157,380,700 
2,149,963,873 
2,140,695.365 
2,150,862,053 





Debt of the 




DATE3. 


United Slates, 

less cash in the 

Treasury. 


DATES. 


1874 




1879 


Mar. 1. 


2.154,880,066 


Mar. 1. 


June 1. 


2,145,268.438 


July 1. 


Sept. 1. 


2,140.178,614 


Oct. 1 . 


Dec. 1. 


2,138,938,334 


Dec. 31 . 


1875 




1880 


Mar. 1. 


2,137,315,989 


April 1. 


June 1 . 


2,!3i>,119 975 


July 1. 


Sept. 1. 


2,125,808,789 


Oct. 1. 


Dec. 1. 


2,117,917,132 


Dec. 31. 


1876 




1881 


Mar. 1. 


2,114,960,306 


April 1 . 


July 1. 


2,099.439,344 


July ;. 


Sept. 1. 


2,095,181,941 


Dec. 1. 


Dec. 1. 


2,089,336,099 


1882 


1877 




Mar. 1. 


Mar. 1. 


2,088,781,143 


June 1. 


June 1 . 


2.0r.3, 377,342 


Oct. 2. 


Sept. 1. 


2,055,469,779 


Dec. 1. 


Dec. 1. 


2,046,027.066 


1883 


1378 




Jan. 2. 


Mar. 1. 


2,042,037,120 


Apr. 2. 


June 1 . 


2 035,786,841 


July 2. 


Sept. 1. 


2,029,105,020 


1884 


Dec. 1. 


2,027,414,326 


Jan. 1. 



Debt of the 
United States, ■ 
less cash in the 
Treasury, 



2,025,207,541 
2,027,207,256 
2 027,202,452 
2,011,798,506 

1,980,392,824 
1,942,172,296 
1,916,594,183 
1,899,181,736 

1,873,763,593 
l,84",598,8ia 
1,778,285,340 

1,742,729,869 
1,701.475,157 
1,654,120,224 
1,622,956,900 

1,607,543,678 
1,576,931,288 
1,551,091,207 

1,498,068,723 



BEBT OF EACH ADMINISTRATION. 

Washinfftcn's First Term 1793 $80,352,638 

do Second Term 1797 82,064,479 



John Adam's 18U1. 

Jeftersou'a First Term . 

do Second Term 
Madison's Fit st Term . . 

do Second Term 
Monroe's First Term.. 

J do Second Term 
John Qnincy Adams.. 
Jackson's First Tern) 1833 

Interest 1836 



(j 



82,038,050 

1805 82,312,150 

1809 57,023,192 

1813 59,962,827 

1817 o 123,491,965 

1821 89,987,427 

1825 83,788,43"J 

1829 59,421,413 

7,001,023 
291,089 

ackson's Second Term 1837 -. 1,895,313 

VanBuren 1841 . 6,488,784 

Tyler 1845 17,093,794 

p;)lk 1849 64,704,693 

Fillmore 1853 67,340,620 

Pierce 1857 29,060,387 

Buchanan 1861 90,867,828 

Lincoln 1865 2,682,593,026 

Johnson January 1 1866 2,81(»,310,357 

Johnson March 4 1869 2,491,399,904 

Grant March 1 1871....- 2,320,708,846 

do March 1 1872 2,225,813,497 

do March 4 1873 2,157.380,700 

do March 1 1876 2,lU,9o0,306 

do M.irch 4 1877 2,088,781,143 

Haves March 4 1878 2,042,037,129 

do March 1 1879 .2,026,207,541 

do March 1 ISSO ...1,995,113.221 

^0 March 1 1881 1.379.S36.4ir. 

Garfield and Arthur Dr-ccmher 1. 1881 , 1,778,2S^.!!« 

Arthur ■■ • .January 1, 1883 1.607.548.0'"' 

do ."'.'.'.!*.*. July 2, 1883 1,551,091.207 

:lo Januar^l 1«S4 1, 4-8. -v .9. 7-2 '5 



TEJB FXTBLIO DEBT. 



25 



PAPER MONEY OF THE UNITED STATED 

Theamonnt of Legal Tender notes, Demand Notes, Fractional Currency, and 
National Bank Notes outstanding on August 31, 1865, and annually thereafter, from 
January 1, 1866, to December 1, 1882, and the amounts outstanding January 1, 
1884, are shown by the following table, together with the currency price of gold 
and tho gold price of currency at each date, prepared by the Comptroller of the 
Currency : 



Date. 



Ang31,1865 

Jan. 1. l»6e 

Jan. 1.1867 

Jan.l, lb68 

Jan. 1, 1869 

Jan.l, 18T0 

Jan. 1,1871 

Jan. 1,1872 

Jan. 1.1873 

Jan. 1,1874 

Jan. 1,1875 

Jan. 1,1876 

Jan. 1. 1877 

Jan. 1. 1878 

Nov.1.1878 

Jan.l, 1879 

Nov. 1,1&T9 

July 1,1880 

April 1, ISSl 

March 1,1863 

Jan_l, 188:^ 

Jan. 1.1884 



United States Isanes. 



Legal - Ten- 
der Notes. 



Old De- 
mand 
Notes. 



1432,757,604 
425,839,319 
3HO,276,160 
356,000,000 
355,892,975 
356,000,000 
356,000.000 
357.500,000 
358,557,907 
378,401,702 
382,000 000 
371,827,220 
366,055,1/84 
349,943,776 
346,681.016 
346,681,016 
840,081 01 r 
346,6i>l,016 
&*/i.6<Sl.tll« 
346.681,015 
346,631.016 I 
346,681,016 ( 



Fractional 
Currency. 



Notes of 
National 

Banks, in- 
cluding 

Gold Notes. 



$402,955 ?:6,344,742 $176,213,955 |635,719,266 $144 25 $69 33 

392,070 26,000,420 S;98,5b8,419 750,820,228 144 50 69 2© 

221,682 28,732,812 299,846,206 709,076,860 133 00 75 18 

159,127 31,597,583 299,747,.'i69 687.504,2'.9 133 25 75 04 

128 098 34,215,715 299,629,322 689,1^66,110 135 00 74 OT 

113,098 39,762,664 299.904,029 695,779,791 120 00 83 33 

101 086 39,995,089 306,307,672 702,403,847 110 75 90 29 

92,801 40,767.877 328,465,431 7;;6,c2G.109 109 50 91 32 

84,387 45,722,061 344,582.812 748,947,167 112 00 89 28 

79,637 48,544,792 3.')0,848.236 777,874 367 110 25 90 70 

72 317 46 390,598 354,128.250 782,.'i91.165 112 50 88 89 

69,642 44,147,072 346,479,756 762,523,690 112 75 88 69 

65 462 26,348,206 321,595.606 714,064,358 107 OOJ 93 46 

63' 532 17,764,109 321.672.505 689,443,92v! 102 87 97 21 

62 065 16,211,193 322,460,715 68.'),414,989 100 25 99 7i 

62.035 16,108.155\ 319,652,1211 682,503,327 100 00 '00 00 

ei.Se.M 15,T10,96n, 8.<?T,1 81,4181 6^9,634,759 irO 00 .00 0« 

eo.»T5l 7.214,9541 844.505,427 1 690,463,875 100 CO 100 M 

e«t.645| 7,181,9i8| 846,466,S47| 70U,330.486| 100 OOl 100 0$ 

69.876 1 7,065.878 I 361.(114 780 I 7 14.821. .•;.';.5 I ir/0,00 / 100,00 

5.1.295 I T,022 074 | 861,779,3-^8 'ri5..542.721 | 10ft no lino OO 

5S,3S0 I 6,939,428 | 350,482,328 | 704.'?11,6.52 | 1 00 00 | 100 00 



Aggregate. 



5o 






From the organization of the U. S. Government to th'»i 30th day 
of June, 1861, that day being the close of the fiscal year, the U. S. 
Government had caUed into its Treasury from -the pf-ople the follow 
ing sums from the following soui'ces : 

Customs Eevenues $1,575,152,579 92 

Land Disposed of 175,817,961 00 

Taxes and other Receipts 95,305,322 56 



Total Ordinary Revenue from 1789 to 1861 1,846,275,863 48 

Total Expenditure, same period • . • • 1,453,790,786 00 



Excess Revenue ' $392,485,077 48 

The following sums have been paid out as interest on Bonds for 
the past 22 years for the fiscal yep-rs ending : 
/una SO. 1861 $6,112,296 18 J June 30, 1871 125,5'76,565 93 



1862 13,190,32-145 

1863 24,729,846 61 

1864 53,685,421 GO 

1865 132,987,350 25 

1866 133,067,741 69 

1867 135,034,011 04 

1P68 ,.. 140,424,045 00 

^869... 130,6t~4,242 80 

1870 129,235,498 00 



1872 117,357 839 72 

1873 140,947,583 27 

1874 107,119,815 21 

1875 103,093,544 57 

1876 100,243,271 23 

1877 97,124,511 58 

1878 102,500,874 65 

1879 105,3-27.940 00 

18S!) 95,757,575 11 

1881 82,508,741.18 

1882 71,077,206 79 



36 QOLD AND SILVER COINS.— FETROLETJM.—TEBBITORIAL aoVEliNM'Ta. 



GOLD AND SILVER COINS, 1882. 



Country. 



Anstria 

Belsiium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Brit.Poss.N.Am 

Bogota 

OentralAmsrica 
Chili 



Monetary Unit. Standard. 



$.40.7 

Gold&Silv'r $.19.3 

0.82. a 



Caba PeBO. 



Florin 

Franc 

Dollar Gold&bilv'r 

.Milreisof 1,000 reis., Gold 

Dollar Gold 

Peso Gold 

Peso Silver,.. 

Peso iGold 



"Value 
iiiU.S. 
Mon'v 



Denmark 

Ecuador 

E-vpt 

France 

Great Britaiu .. 

Greece 

German Empire 

Japan 

India 

Italy ... 

Liberia 

Mexico 

!Nethsrland8. . .. 

Norway 

Pern 

Portugal 

Russia 

Sandwiclilsl'ds. 

Spain 

Sweilen 

Switzerland.. . . 

Tiipoli 

Turkey 

U.S. ot'Colombia 
Venezuela 



IGold. 



Standard Coins. 



Crown IGold 

Peso Silver 

Pound, 100 Piasters. Gold 

PYauc. Gold&Silvr 



8 Guldens or 20 f. Gold, $3.85.89. 

5, 10, and 20 Francs. 

Escudo, half Bolivar, and Bollva*. 
0.54 G I None. 
1.00.0 1 None. 
82 3 None. 
0.82.3 I Peso. 

0.91.2 I Condor, Doubloon and Escudo. 
^ m:2\ 

0.26.8 10 and 20 Crowns. 
0.8-2.3 Peso. 

4 97.4 5, 10, 25 and 50 Piasters. 
0.19..'^ 5, 10 and 20 Francs. 



Pound Sterling 'G"ld 4 86.65iUalf Sovereiiin niid Sovereign, 



Drachma Gold&Silvr 

Mark Gold 



Yen 

Rupee of IG Annas.. 

Lira 

Dollar 

Dollar 

Florin 

Crown 

Sol 

Milreiscf 1,000 reis 
Roublaof lOOCopecs 
Dollar 



Peseta of lOOCentm's 

Crown 

Krauc 

Mahbub of20pia8t'rs 

Piaster 

Peso 



U.19.3 .'), 10, 20, 50 and 100 DrachmhS. 

I .23.8 5, 10 and 20 Marks. 

U.B8.8 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 Yen. 

0.39.4: 

0.19.3 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 Lire. 

1 00.0 

89.4 Peso or Dollar, 5. 10, 25 & 50 Centaoo 

0.40.2 Florin; Ten Guldens, Gold, $4.01.09. 

2C.8| 10 and 20 Crowns. 
0.82.3 Sol. 

1 08.0 2, 5, .ind 10 Milrei-s. 
0.65.8, Quarter, Half and One Rouble. 
1.00.0 

0.19.3 5, 10. 20. 50 and 100 Pesetas. 
0.26.8 10 and 20 Crowns. 
0.19.3, 5, 10 and 20 Francs. 

Silver : 0.74.3 

Gold , 04.4 25, 50, 190, 250 and 500 Piaster*. 

Silver 0.82.3, Peso. 



Gold 

Silver. . 
Gold&Silvr 

Gold 

Silver 

Gold&Silv'i 

Gold 

Silver 

Gold 

Silver. 

Gold 



Gold&Silvr 

Gold 

Gold&Silv") 



j Bolivar IGold&Silv'r | 79.;>16, lO, 20, 60 and 100 B olivar . 



STATEMENT showing the Quantity of Crude Petroleum Produced, and the Quan 
tity and Value of 1'etroleum Pkoducts Excorted from the United States during 
each of the Fiscal Years from 1804 to I; 82. inclusive. 



rEAR ENDED 

JUKE ^o- 


PRODUCTION. 


E Z F 2. T S . 


Mineral, crude (IncludiaK all 
natural oils without re- 
gard to gravity). 


Total. 


1864 

i&bX 

Ib6b 

1867 

l36i 

1869 

1870 

1871 

, 1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1870 

1877 

1878 

18Z9 

j8«o 

i88j 

1882 


Gallons. 

104,105,778 
101,840,010 
>32.959.-too 
150,859,800 

•SI. 775.773 

1D9.95;.435 
iS5,.'02,072 
23J.-l68,550 
245.381,871 
301,178,405 
,69,927,122 
423,520,770 
370,571.964 
451,560,582 
619,007,004 

710.539.4 S2 

635.256,393 

1.083,825,246 

1,161,308,862 


Gallons. 

9.980,654 
12,293,897 
16,057,943 

7.344.2^8 
10,029,5!^ 
13,425,565 
10,403,31^ 

9.859.038 
13,559.703 
18,439,407 ■ 
17.776,419 
14,718,1 u 
20.520.397 
26,819,202 
26,036,727 
25,874,488 

28,297,997 
39,984.844 
41.304.997 


1)0 lam. 
3.864.187 
6,803.513 
6,015,921 
1,864,001 
1.564.933 
2,991,404 
2,237,292 
1.971.847 
2,307,111 
3,010,050 
2,099,69s 
1,400,018 

2,220,253 
3.756,729 
2,694,018 
2,180,413 
1,927.207 
3,065464 
3,129,511 


Galloiis. 

23,210,369 
25,(96,849 
50.987,311 
70.255,481 
79,450,»88 
100,036,684 
113.735.294 
149,892,691 
145. '71. .583 
187,815,187 
247,803,483 
221,955,308 
243.60V),I52 
. 309,198.914 
338,841,303 
378,310,010 
420,699,599 
397,505.602 
5.59.954 iSQo 


Uowiri. 

10,782,689 
>6, 563.413 
24.830,887 
24,407,642 
21,810,674 
31.127433 
32,663.900 
36,894,810 
34.058,399 
42,050,756 
41,245,315 
30078,568 
32,915,786 
61,789,43* 
46,574.974 
40,30;. 244 
36,218,625 
40,315.609 
51,232,700 



TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS. 



Territories. 


C'npit.a!s. 


GovERNons. 


Terri criea. 


Capitals. 


GovEnsoRS. 


Ariznn.n 

Ala.skii 

Dakota 

Dist. t'oi'biii 

Idaho 

Indiwii .... 


Prescott 

siikii 

YiiiiHtoii 

M'n-liiiiL'tfin 
B()i<c rit.v... 
Talileqiiah . . 


Frederick A. Trltle. 

Ncheinmli U.Ordway 
I'nmmissioners. 
Job 11 B. ISeil. 


.loiiiaiia 

New Mexico 

i;tali 

Wa-liinirton... 
Wyoming 


llelera 

Santa Ke 

Salt Luke City. 

Olvnipia 

Cheyenne 


T. PcIiuWt Cr<«t).v. 
1.. A. Sheldon. 

T^'; TT. Aruiiiiy. 
AVilliam A. :.ewo:i. 



The Governors of tho organized Tenitories receive a salary of ?2,CO0 e;',ch. 



BANKS AND BANKING IN THE U. S. 



2T 



BANKS AND BANKING IN THE U. S. 

NATIONAL BANKS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

}fvjnber of bank^ organized and in operation, with their capita^, bonds on deposit, and 
circulation issued, redeemed and outstanding on November 1, 1880. 



States aito Teebi- 

TOBIES. 



Maine 

Kew Hampshire. 

Vermont 

MaEeacLnsetts . . 
Ehode Island ... 
CounecUcat 



EaBtem States. 



Kew York 

Kew Jersey... 
Pennsylvauia. 

Delaware 

Mtiryland 



Middle States . 



plBtrict of Columbia. 

Virginia 

■West. Virginia 

ilorth Carolina 

Bonth Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

MlBSlEsippi 

LonlBiaiia 

Texas 

Arkansas ,. 

Kentucky 

Teiijiessee 

Mifisourl 



Sonthem States. 



Ohio 

Indiana — 

Illinois 

Michigan .. 

Wisconsin. 

Iowa 

Minnesota . 

Eansas 

Sebraska. . 



"WcBtem States. 



Kevada 

Oregon 

Colorado . . . . 

Utaii 

Idaho 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Kew Mexico., 

Dakota 

Washington.. 
California 



Organ-j'^Ji^. la Oper- 
ized. T„ , aUv-n. 



52 
247 



3S9 
2o3 



Pacific' PtateB and 
Territories 



Add for mutilated 
notes retired 



Total currency bants 
Add gold bani>;s... 



Dnited States. 



287 



57 
103 



825 



.48^ 



1*3 



46 

85 



S,030,OJO 
8,t»i,cxx) 
95,805,000 
20,009,^00 
25,489,620 



296 
66 
240 



651 



172 
92 

t 
35 
75 



642 



Capital. Coitds. 



Capital 
paid la. 



166,070,420 




171,507,665 




3,475,000 
1,420,000 
205,000 
10,146,500 
3,005,300 
7,206,000 



40,666,900 




81,500,100 



5o,oco 
250,000 

1,295,000 
20 J ,000 
100,000 
350,000 
150,000 
400,000 
425,000 
150,000 

1.250,000 



Bonds on 
deposit. 



ClBCULATIOS. 



Issued. 



Outstand- 
ing. 



$9,383,800 

5,820,500 

7,6o5,40j 
78,478,700 
151472.750 
20,045,100 



136,807,250 

52,895,450 
12,293,350 
48,730,600 
1, 63 [,200 
8.694,100 



124,244,700 

1,135,000 

2,805,850 
1,564,950 
2,003,000 
1,550,000 
2,111,000 
80. coo 
1,481,000 



371.3951485 



2,140,000 
930,000 
205,000 
9,604,700 
2,790,500 
2,095,000 



30,502,000 



24,061, 5CO 

11,255,800 
10,255,500 
6,8&<,8oo 
2,393 o°o 
4,790,000 
2,290,400 
820,000 
819,000 



522,131,500 

13.257,985 

20,710,400 

189,671,975 

39.7.=io."5 
52,701,700 



338,223,675 




3.709.950 

8,042,470 

5,355,880 

4,696,110 

3,866,885 

5,293,840 

95,900 

3,214,130 

66,000 

7,052,030 

2,063,070 

585,600 

20,782,295 
7,026,670 

11.717.525 



4,6?o,ooQ 



63,554,000 

40,000 
250,000 
1,003,000 
200,000 
100,000 
285,000 

64,000 
400,000 
245,000 
J 50,000 
854,000 



2,0^2 1164,365,085 
3 ( 2 000,000 



358,698,950 

1 ,050,000 



8^,568.355 

61,848,910 

371279.565 
36.371 1055 
18,848,170 
8,175310 
13.837.450 

7,913,200 
3,089,060 
2,009,730 



189,372,450 

167.700 

528,800 

2,065,520 
767,330 

220,440 
605,220 
140,900 
756,i;8o 
302,290 
174.640 
719,600 



$13,387,068 
8,009.660 
13.349.620 

118,423,298 
25,644,557 
34,235.407 



$8,744,432 

5.248.325 
7.360,780 
71,248,567 
1^,105,587 
18,466,293. 



213,049,610 




250,3411781 




54.128,714 



125,174,065 




I2i,053,70& 




39,634,052 
25.334.879 
26,181,400 
11,776,135 
5.534.250 
9,140,136 
5,168,926 
2,177,b6o 
1,287,770 



6,509,020 



989,058,985 
3,220,610 



126,235,408 




29 .439.64 1 

"221214^858- 
Ili944i69i 
10,189,649. 
7,072,035 
2,641,060 
4.6971314 
2,744.274 
911,20a 
721,960 



63.137.042- 



3.258.99»- 



647.005, 5:h 
1,004,605 



?,oy5 466,365,065 359.748.950 



992,289,595! 648,910,199 



343.8i4.«> 



38 



. .ANKS AND BANSJl^G IN TBE U. S. 



dumber ofSaite 6ants and trust e->nipanies, private bankers, and savings banks, with tiii 

average amount of their capital, deposits, and investments in United States 

bonds, for the six months ending May 81, 1880. 



' 


Statk Bases and Trust Companies. 


Pritat* 


States aud Teeeitobies. 


Num- 
ber. 

1 

1 
5 
3 
3 
15 

12 


Capital. 


Deposits. 


Inveetedin 
U.S .bonds. 


Num- 
ber. 


Capital. 


Deposits . 






$2,340 
36,003 
1,607,553 
1,323.634 
6,120,679 
3.611.242 
3,767,165 


$8313 
5,202 

185.063 
568,043 
030.543 
254.312 


5 
5 
I 
4 

42 
7 

10 


$47,319 

1,000 

3,700 

350,000 

4.483.750 

234,119 

140,000 


|i2o,'55 
61,340 
16/325 

1, 636)2 :» 

334,718 

1,140,936 




$50,000 
350,000 

260,000 

644^549 

3.074,3*^5 

2,476,890 






loston 


Connecticut 


Nc-w England States 


40 

49 
31 

2 
11 

8s 
15 
21 
5 
4 
11 


6,85^, 630 
7,001,542 

I8,i48,il4 
550.000 

1,255,373 

4.4". 404 
762.175 

3.270,897 
673,689 
455.S41 

2,447,511 


16,468,616 


1,688,460 


74 


_5.159.888 


_3,7_43,705 




ig,;8i,388 
86,794,598 

1,390,139 

2,973. "9 
10,0,72,689 
25,234.689 

5,2";.545 
917,742 
441 ,056 

2,274,006 


1,941,768 
7,624,691 
354.521 
268,883 
478,606 
81,876 
653,938 
20,000 
251,189 
100,863 


163 
452 

1 

185 

'I 

I 

18 
6 


1,524,103 

31,187.192 

91,000 

29.180 

4,378,527 

Ii346.729 

324,382 

2,000 

& 
357'ooo 


11,402,788 

30,552,744 

71,649 

930 

18,737,565 

4,104,601 

M74.866 

1,824 

143.185 

1,072,365 

2,988^31 


New York City 


















Washington 


MiiWlc States 


234 


38.976,^6 


154,894,971 


u. 782,335 


885 


40,005,937 


7i,U0.139 




~54 
17 
9 
4 
27 


2,321, "igo 

1,177,128 
747.894 
291^,000 

3,634,6^5 


5.137,229 
3,089,199 
1.477,416 
611,067 
4*41,983 


270,208 
87,488 

'52',333" 


20 

I 
9 

20 
16 
3 

■•■87' 
13 
22 
3 
7 


374.472 
70,000 
42,427 

216,499 

Sifeo 
425,241 
439,485 
126,265 

53.333 

l,76i,S04 

112,110 

394,628 

200,584 

71,464 


2,001,037 
945,544 
119,216 

683I840 

272,706 

1,257,221 

1,103,246 

87,343 
















6 

17 


615,000 
644,205 


1,012,426 
1,441,669 






123,758 






2 

49 
12 
23 


2,723,698 
1,930,276 
133,000 
5,705,038 
5,066,444 
1,697.704 


4,032,122 
2,280,131 
412,310 
5,902,969 
5,"6,i4q 
3,050,686 


643.013 
3,000 
74.017 
218,553 
471.197 
"2,358 




4,052,b20 

165,318 

1.7«,I45 
687,524 
172,054 


Arkansas 




Tennessee 


SoutUcra States 


_24i 

"31 

4 
3 
27 

25 

10 

31 

2^ 

6^ 

22 

18 
31 
12 


26,694,662 


38,505,356 

3,132.931 
1,350,032 
4,i98,9"9 
2,iog,U7 
3,228,683 
8,846,734 
3.378.821 

6,252,293 
6,100,307 
1,911,978 
10,360,054 
18,074,610 
1,810,416 
480,354 


2,055,955 

163,656 
20,882 

'& 

"7,717 

2,398,878 

§8,973 
329,692 
"2,477 

13,489 
222,112 

51.924 
325.025 
849,920 

47,883 


252 
-^3 

li 
23 

'1 
81 

'4 
245 
70 
75 
10 
"7 
71 


4,809.706 

4.361,082 
775.472 
105,000 

3.164,190 

3,042,881 
586,381 

1,009,099 
206,041 
793,229 
161,500 

2,583,7^ 
935,068 

1,083,125 
454.973 
790.437 
401.858 


13,541.159 






Ohio 


I,2,-8,cs8 
626,769 
940.924 

1,201,244 
9S7.033 

3,681,114 

1,337,700 
710,000 
785.614 
473.231 

2,521,985 
971,307 

3,107,050 

5,250,582 
707,707 
192,032 


17,004,516 
3,042,679. 

826,111 
9, =.90,096 
13,282,590 
3.726,779 
3.727.131 

826,455 
3,309,346 
i,';36,6o7 
7,617,806 
2,8lJ,325 
4,046,563 

614,089 
3,060,734 
I.539f>6o 














Detroit, 








Minnesota 












Western States , 


407 


24.892,350 


78,8oo,9f9 


5.454.733 


1.443 


20,520,000 


76,871,288 








14 

20 
12 
31 

9 
11 

5 
4 
2 
18 
13 
4 
5 


1,203,466 

460,913 
2,083, m 7 
325,067 
250,457 
206,000 

6,667 
128,05^ 

5.358 
127,5" 
446,708 
357,000 
112,932 


818.953 

7,912,530 

2.934.305 

735.988 

I.233.95J 

181,925 

271,201 

18,368 

396,279 

724,031 

525,109 

243,673 




58 

5 
7 

4 


8,283,006 

7,901.233 

259,2';b 

108,000 


11,269,822 
18,199.412 

M5,';i2 
98,560 


197.341 
3,319.780 










Utnli 
































































Arizona 


1 : 






Pacific States and Ter's.... 


74 


i6,ii5i,489 


30,113,306 


3.517,121 


148 


5,626,250 


16,970,944 


United States 


996 


113,970,677 


318,-83,228 


24,498,604 


3^2 


76,121,961 


182,667,23s 





BANKS AND BANKING IN THE U. S. 



2^ 



JSFmnher of Slc.te hanka and trust companies, private bankers, and savinc/o banks, witk 

the average amouiri of their capital, deposits, and investments in United 

Slates bond'), for the six months ending Afai/ 81, 1880. 



Bankeks. 


Savings Banks. 


Total. 


Invested in 
O.S. bonds. 


Kum- 
ber. 

16 

154 
12 


Capital. 


Deposits. 


Invested n Kum 
U.S. bonds, ber. 


■ Capital. 


Deposits. 


Invested in 
U. S. bonda. 






$21,599,469 
28,204,106 
6,907,562 

142.510,2.-4 
56,706,871 
39.188,748 

73,549,!-6o 


$3,284,637 
916.297 
653,862 
13,633,993 
6,499,110 
4,570,369 
8,131,932 


64 

7> 
22 

l6i 

11 
105 


$47,319 

51,000 

353.700 

510,000 

5,128,099 

2i6i6,'B9b 


$21,721,964 
28,301,349 
8,531.140 

'44'-68,273 
64,553,766 
43,134,708 
78,457,961 


$3,292,959 
924.499 

690,846 








$.;8.550 

1,984,618 

7,045 

18,420 




13,857,606 
9,051,771 
5 207,957 
8 404,664 






2.048,633 


422 




368,757.040 


37,693.200 


536 


12.015,518 

~Cs25,64T 
49.335.306 

641,000 
1.324.553 
8,789,931 
2,108 994 
4,053.579 

675,689 

564.434 
3.134.842 

357,060 


388,969,361 

162,275,473 
291.914,072 
13,751,649 
20,391,118 
29,071,132 
51,496,370 
14,6;i,5S9 
2,127,426 
819,944 
25,814.319 
3,305,875 


41,430,293 


358,430 
7.528.342 


91 
23 
7 
34 
1 
4 
4 
2 
5 
9 
I 




131,291,297 

174,566.730 

12,289,801 

17,417.079 

270,878 

22,157 ,080 

7.961,178 

1,207, Sfco 

235.703 

2M67,947 

S17.644 


45,993,290 
73,737.079 

2,552,C05 

5,871,992 

70,000 

6,472,097 
1,679,366 


303 
506 
12 
51 
271 
61 

12 
38 
7 


48,293,488 
88,890.112 
2,910,426 
6,141,675 
822,786 






800 
274,180 


♦40,000 


117.527 
7.425 




6,671,500. 
2,340,729 


458,300 




10.085 
20,075 


13,^38 
9,890,353 

20,535 




203,037 
289,758 


10,200,253 
310,293 




528,460 


8,782,499 


181 


389^3.857_ 


>■ 46,301,155 


1,300 


_79,5io,943_ 


ti';,6i8,967 


166,865,989 


34.000 


3 


^0,912 


558,336 




76 
20 
13 
13 
58 

9 

2b 
33 

3 
II 
105 
15 
71 
15 
30 


3.036.974 
1,247,128 

790.321 

511499 

4,068.279 

83,830 

1,040,241 

1,083,690 

126,265 
2,777,031 
3.701,080 

245,110 
6,099,066 
5,267,028 
1,769,228 


7,757,202 
4,034.743 
1,596,632 

658,812 
5,910,827 

287,289 
2,269,647 
2.634.915 
87,343 
4,632,122 
1,332,7-1 

577,628 
7,698,114 
5,803,673 
3,222.740 


294,208 
137,488 
























52,333 
19,050 




I 




885,004 

14.5^3 


1,000 




2,000 






742 
209,358 

45,000 
643,013. 
163,133 

75,102- 
306.979. 


8;,6oo 






























i&o,i33 
1,085 
88,426 






































125,388 












486,035 


5 


342,912 


'.457,923 


1,000 


498 


31,847,370 

5,704,140 
1,402,241 
1.045.924 
4.365.434 
4,092,314 
4,272,455 
2,340.799 
1,066,041 
1.578,843 
634,731 
5,153,906 


53.504.438 

207834,648" 
4,392,711 
13,965,571 
13.172,783 
17,061, 183 
12,584,083 
7,105,952 
7,544.048 
5,964,028 
7,78S,900 
13,326,191 
5,000,150 
15,307,216 
18,oaS,699 
4,877,150 
2,019,814 


2.542,99* 


703,819 
25^.789 


4 


65,oco 


697,202 


85,959 


248 
12 
9 

316 
34 

155 
14 

1C9 

9 

309 


954434 

275,071 

2,829,649 


1 
14 

5 

I 




8,940,548 

1,413.171 

550,515 

10,570 


2,151,270 
42,061 
60,000 


419.685 




557.889 
160,045 


62,400 








154.894 
480,009 
184,761 
15.914- 


16,050 
72,284 


1 150,000 


1.867,594 


1*4,267 










& 




208,018 




3 






119,968 
428,208 


103, *8 5 


















28 
148 
83 


5.705,555 

1.564.144 

653,890 


873.39s 
90.397 






















2,682,821 


33 


330,567 


13.91,465 


2.474.557 1 


1,883 1 


45,743.007 


_l69,633,732 

1.033,103 

14.928,718 

67,497,291 

3.479,877 

834.548 

1.233,952 

i»i,925 

271,201 

18,303 

396,279 

724,031 

525,109 

2,1Q fi-Q 


10,612,111 




1 
7 
9 




58,532 

2,839,944 

4i.3»5.352 




I ,245,20 

9,430.629 

12,104,546 

584,917 

364,457 

206,000 

6,667 

128,054 

5,358 

127,^11 

446,708 

2^,^^ 




112,423 


41.742 

680,710 

2,119,796 


6,;oo j 


15 
85 


118,723 


129,272 


2,711,604 1 


26 
38 
13 


6,160,050 






1 


1 








1 
















5 
4 
2 
18 
13 
4 
5 

































































25,000 
















1 






366,695 


17 


2,842,248 
4,044,187 


44.^83.8j8 1 2,727.904 


239 
4,456 


25,019,987 
194,136,825 


91,368,07,^ 


6,601,720 




658 




14,366,684 


817,644,113 j I3j,ia7,8 16 


I.3I9.O94..576 


228,053,104 



^Q LEGAL RATES OF INTEREST IX THE STATES AND TERRITORIES. 

LEGAL INTEREST. 



Alabama. — Eight percent. On usurious contracts 
iShe principal only can be recovered. 

.^rtanso.'i.— Six per cent., but parties may con- 
tract far any rate not exceeding ten. Usury for- 
feits both principal and interest 

California —Ten per cent, after a debt becomes 
■due, but parties may agree upon any rate of intcr- 
«st whatever, simple or compound, 

Colorado Territory.— Ten per cent on money 
loaned. 

Omnerficirf.— six per cent. Usury forfeits in- 
terest taken in excess of legal rate. 

ZJaXota.— Seven per cent. Tartics may contract 
for a rate not exceeding twelve. Usury forfeits 
all the interest taken. 

Oelaicare —Six per cent Tenalty for usury for- 
feits a sum equal to the moncj* lent 

District of Columbia.— Six per cent Parties may 
stipulate in writing for ten. Usury forfeits all the 
interest 

JTtorWa.— Eight per cent Usury laws repealed. 
Money may be loaned at any rate. 

Georgia.— Seven per cent Parties may contract 
for twelve. A higher rate than twelve forfeits 
interest and excess. 

I WaTio Terri'torj/.— Ten per cent. Fartiesmay agree 
^ writing for any rate not exceeding two per 
«cnt per month. Penalty for greater rate is three 
times the amount paid, fine of $300, or six months 
imprisonment, or both. 

/(finoi*,— Six per cent, but parties may agree in 
writing for ten. Penalty for usury forfeits the 
entire interest. 

/ndiana.— Six per cent Parties may agree in 
writing for any rate rot exceeding ten. Bej-ond 
that rate is illegal as to excess onl3-. 

loica —Six per cent Parties may agree in wri- 
ting for ten. A higher rate works a forfeiture of 
ten per cent 

Xonsoj!.— Seven per cent Parties may agree for 
twelve. Usury forfeits the cxcc?s. 

Kentttcl-y.— Six per cent., but contracts may be 
made in writing for ten. Usury forfeits the whole 
Interest charged. 

Louisiana. — Five per cent, eight per cent, may 
be stipulated for, if embodied in the face of the 
obligation, but no higher than eight per cent 

Jfaine.— Six per cent. Parties may agree in 
writing to any rate. 

Jlaryland.—Six percent Usurious contracts can- 
not be enforced for the excess above the legal rate. 

JfiVfii^an.— Seven per cent Parties may contract 
for any rate not exceeding te:i. 

JIftnntsofa.— Seven per cent Parties may con- 
tract to pay as high as twelve, in writing, but con- 
tract for higher ra'c is voiii to the excess. 

Jlissi.vippi.— Six per cci.t Parties may contract 
In writing for ten. Where more than ten is taken 
the excess cannot be recovered. 

Jlifxouri.— Six per cent Contractin writingmay 
|)e made for ten. The penalty for osuryisforfeiture 
of the interest at ten per cent 

Jfonfano.— Parties may etipnlbte for any rate of 
Interest 



Xebratrifi.— Ten per cent, or any rate on express 
contract not greater than twelve. Usury prohibits 
the recovery of any interest on the principal. 

ICecada.—Tcnj^cr cent Contracts in writing ma j 
be made for the payment of any other rate. 

Ifeic Ilavip.'hire.—Six per cent. A higher rate for 
fcits three limes the excess to the person aggrieve! 
suing therefor, 

J\>ir-J«-.«v.— Six per cent Usury forfeits all 
interest and costs. 

Kew-Mexieo Territory.— Six per cent, but partiei 
may agree upon any rate. 

Keic-Yorli. — Six per cent. Usury is a misde- 
meanor, puni hable by a f.no of $l,00f> or sir 
months imprisonment, or both, and fjrfeits th«i 
principal, even in the hands of third parties. 

North Carolina — Six per cent ; eight may be stip 
ulatedfor when money is borrowed. Penalty fot 
usury isdouble the amount lent and Indictment foi 
misdemeanor. 

Ohio.— Six per cent Contract In writing may be 
for eight No penalty attached for violation of 
law. If contract is for a higher rate than eight it 
is void as to interest and recovery is limited to 
principal and sis per cent 

Oregon. — Ten per cent Parties may agree on 
twelve. 

Pennsylvania. — Six per cent. Usurious interest 
cannotbc eo'.Icctcd. If paid it maybe recovered 
by suit therefor within six months. 

j:hode Ifland.—Six per cent Any rate mayba 
agreed upon. 

South Carolina. — Seven per cent Usury laws are 
nbo'ished, and parties may contract without llmiU 
Contracts must be in writing. 

Tennessee. — Six per cent Parties may con'ractin 
writing for any rate not exceeding ton per cent 

Tfios.— Eight per cent All usnry laws abolished 
by the Constitution. 

Utnh Territory.— Ten per cent No nsory laws. 
Any rate may be agreed on. 

rermonL— Six per cent Usury forfeits only tin 
excess. 

r/rjinin.— Six per cent Lenders forfeit all In- 
t: rest in case of usury. 

WaMngton Territory.— Ten per cent. Any rate 
agreed upon in writing is valid. 

Kest Virffinia.— Six per cent. Excess of intevert 
cannot be recovered if usury is pleaded. 

TTiVonsfn.— Seven per cent Parties may con- 
tract in writing for ten. No interest can bo con>- 
putcd on interest Usnry forfeits all the interest 
paid. 

^Vyoming Territory. -Twelve per cent, but ao^ 
rate may bo agreed upon in writing. 

Vpper Canada.—Six per cent, but parUes nay 
agree upon any rate. 

Loicer Canada.— Six per cent, but any rate may 
be stipulated for. 

The Currency Act of Congress limits National 
Banks to a rate of six per cent. In the Districts 
Coltimbia CongreBS allows a rate of ten per cent 



FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ThAXSACTIONS OF TBE U. S. 



31 



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82 



POSTAL RATES AND REOULATIONB. 



POSTAL RATES AND REGULATIONS. 



Domestic mail matter is divided into four classes: 1st. Written matter; 2d. Period- 
ical publications ; -Id. Miscellaneous printed matter ; Ath. Merchandise. 

First-class matter embraces letters, postal c n\!s, and all matter wholly or partly 
in writinij (except in cases staled under head of third-class matter), and all matter sealed 
or clcsed against inspection. 

I'osTAGii on fir^t-class matter, after October 1st, 1883, must be prepaid at the rate of 
two cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof; except that on " postal cards," the 
postaixe is one cent each, and on " local " or '• drop-letters," postage is two cents per half 
ounce or fraction thereof, including- delivery at letter-c irrier offices, and one cent for 
each half ounce or fraction thereof, where free delivery by carrier is not established. 

First-class matter, except postal cards or drop-letters, deposited in any post-office 
wholly unpaid, or having only a one cent or two cent stamp affixed, will be " held 
for postage," and unless the postmaster is able to communicate the fact to the sender, 
the package must be sent to the Dead-Letter Office. Should such wholly unpaid or 
insufficiently prepaid matter, throu^li inadvertence, reach its destination, it is the 
duty of the delivering postmaster to collect on wholly unpaid matter double postage, 
and on insufficiently prepaid matter the ordinary letter rates; giving credit for the 
amount which may have been prepaid thereon. 

There were some important changes adopted by the Gengress which adjourned 
March 4, 1883, the most noteworthy being the adoption of the postal note. This note, 
about the size of a greenback, is ingeniously arranged for any date within the next 
12 years, and can be issued for any sum from one cent up to four-,^uir dollars; the note 
itself costs three cents, and the postmaster at the office where it is issued, punches the 
month and the year, and the number of dollars, dimes, and cents for which it is is- 
Bued; the money being paid in when it is issued, and it is payable to bearer at any 
time within three months from the last day of the month oi issue. It is not quite as 
safe as the money orders, but costs less, and is convenient lor remitting fractional 
parts of a dollar. Something of the kind is in use in Great Bntain. 

UNCLAIMED LETTERS. 
All letters remaining uncalled for thirty days in a post-office, after being adver- 
tised, are sent to the Dead-Lett.-r Office, except letters bearing a request to return 
,to the writer if not called for within a specific time, and letters bearing the name 
and address of the writer on the outside. Such letters are returned direct to the 
writers without advertising. 

FORWARDING LETTERS FREE 
Prepaid and free letters are forwarJed from one post-office to another, at the request of the persons 
addressed, without additional postage. But a letter which has been once delivered at its adilre.ss can- 
not be reraalled to a new adilre^s without the prepayment of additional postage. Drop-letters, 
when forwarded by mail to anothei- post-office, must be prepaid at 3 cents per half ounce. No mail 
matter, except letters or postal cards, can be forwarded lo a new address except ou prepayment of 
postage by stamps at regular rates. 

REGISTERED LETTERS. 
Letters can be resietered to any part of the United Slates and Territories and to foreign countries, on 
payment of a registration fee nf 1(» cents. All registration fees must be paid by stamps, and the post- 
age on all registered letters must nlso be preimld in full by stamps. The public are desired by the post- 
office never to send money or valuable articles in unregistered letters. Postmasters at all post-offices 
are obliged to register letters and packages when requested to do so. 

SECOND-CLASS MATTER. 
Regular Pnblicntions —This class includes all newspapers, periodicals, or matter exclusively in 
print, and regularly issued at stated periods from a known office of publication or news agency, ex- 
cept reL'ular publications desisned primarily for advertising purposes, or for free circulation, or for 
circulation at nominal rates Second-cl iss matter can only be mailed by publishers or newsdealers. 
Postage two cents a pound or fraction thereof. Weight of packages not limited. 

TIIIUD-CLASS MATTER. 

Mail matter of the thi-d class embracfS books (printed and Idank), transient newspapers and peri 
odicals, circulars, ai.d other matter wholly in print, proof-sheets and corrected proof-sheets, and uian- 
nscriptcopv accompanying the same, prices current and prices filled out in wriling, printed coiiimer- 
cial pai)er filled dut in 'writing (piovidii^g such writingis not in theniture of personal correspondence, 
and tlie paiieis are not the e.xpression of a monetary value), such as papers of legal procedure, unex- 
ecute: deeds of all kinds, waybills, invoices, handbills, posters, chromo-lithograplis, en-jravups, enve- 
lopes with printing thereon, iieliotvpes, lithographic and siereoscopic views with titles wniten thereon, 
printed blanks, printed cards; and postage shall be paid thereon at the rate of one cent for each two 
ounces or fractional part thereof. . . . 

Upon matter of the third class, or upon the wrapper inclosing the same, the sender may write nis 
erra name or address, wiih the word "trom " above and preceding the same, andin either rase may 
make Pimple ma'ks intended to designate a word or passage of the te.xt to which it is desired to caU 
attention. There may be placed upon the cov r or blank leaves of any book or of any printed matter 
of the ■ bird class a simple manuswipt dedigaiion w inscription that does not partake of the nature ol « 
personal correspondence. 



POSTAL RATiiS AND REQULATIOhS. 33- 

The " nature of a perconal correspondence " referred to in the preceding section cannot be ascribed 
»o the following viz- 1st To the signature of the sender or to the designation of his name, of his pro- 
fession of his rank 'or the place of origin, and of the date of dispatch. 2d. To a dedication or mark 
of rexpoct offered bv the sender. 3d. To the figures or signs merely intended to mark the pas.<=age or a. 
text in order to call attention to tbem. 4th. To tlie prices added upon the quotations or pricescurrent 
of exchano-es or markets, or in a book. £th. To prin'ed commercial papers, filled out in writmg, cir- 
cular« hand-bill'i etc 6th. To instructions or requests to postmasters to notify llie sender in case of 
the non-dpliveiy of matter, so that he may send postage for its return. Tth. Lastly, to annotations or^ 
corrections made upon proofs of printing or musical compositions, and relating to the text or to the; 
execution of the work. , ., .. in, »»!,„!. „„„^ 

All packages of matt«r of the third class must be so wrapped, with open sides or ends, that tneir con-« 
tentsmay be readily examined by postmasters. _ 

Third-class matter may be registered on payment of a registration fee, in stamps, of 10 cents. 

The limit of weight cf "packages is four pounds, except in cases of single volumes of books in excess, 
of said weight, and books and documents published or circulated by order of Congress, or official 
matter emanating from any of the departments of the government, or from the Smithsonian Insti- 

The' following specified matter, partly written and partly printed, and provided they are iiot 
in the nature of aperi^onal correspondence or the expression of n monetary vilue, are ruled as 
being entitled to pass through the miWsia unsealed envelopes as third diss matter, viz. ;_ notices of 
premiums or of promissory notes due; a-sessmant notices; printed circulars filled out in writing, 
whether signed or unsigned, and reproductions from circulars or other matter produced by the electrifr 
pen papvograph, m3tallogi-ap!i, hectograph, chirograp'.i or copygraph processes; unreceipted bills for 
merchandise, etc.; bills of lading; invoices; statements of account; transcripts of evidence; policies ot 
Insurance to which the final signature has not been attached; manuscripts when accompanied by proof- 
sheets or corrected proof-sheets; pension blanks, except " i)en?ion vouchers," filled out in writing witb 
matter which is the appropriate filling thereof; completed legal papers not having ' the expression, 
etc., of an obligation assumed, or a release or receipt given. 

FOURTH-CLASS MATTER. 

Mailablematterof the fourth class embraces blank cards, card board and other flexible material, 
flexible patterns, letter envelopes and letter paper without piinting thereon, merchandise, models, 
ornamented paper, sample cards, samples of ores, metals, minerals, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, 
scions, drawings,- plans, designs, original paiiiti: gs in oil or water colors, and any other matter not 
included in the first, second or third clas-es, and wtiich is not in its form or nature liable to destroy, de- 
stroy, deface or otherwise damage the contents of the mail big or harm the person of any one engaged 
in the postal service. Postage rate thereon, one cent for each ounce or fractional part thereof. 

Other arlicles of the fourth class which, unless properly secured, might destroy, deface or otherwise 
damage the contents of the mail l)ag, or harm the person of any one engaged in the postal service, may- 
be transmitted in the mails when they conform to the following conditions: 1st. They must be placed in 
a bag, box or removable envelope made of iiaper-cloth or parchment. 2d. Such bag, box or envelope- 
must again be placed in a box or tube made of metal or some hard wood, with sliding, clasp or screw 
lid. 3d. Incase of articles liable to break, the inside box, bag or envelope must he surrounded by 
sawdust, cotton or spongy substance. 4th. Incase of sharp-pointed instruments, the points must be 
capped or encased, so that they may not by any means be liable to out through their inclosure; and 
where they have blades, such blades must be bound with wire, so that they shallremain flrmlyattached 
to ^ach other. 5. The whole must be capableof easy inspection. Seeds or otherartiolesnotprohibited 
which are liable, from their form or nature, to loss or damage, unless speciall.y protected, may be put 
Bp in sealed envelopes, provided such envelopes are made of material sufficiently transparent to show 
the contents clearly without opening. 

Upon any package of matter of the fourth class the sender may write or print his own name nnd ad- 
iress, preceded by the word " from," and there may also be written or printed the number and names 
of the articles inclosed; and the sender thereof may write or print upon, or attach to any such articles 
by tag or label, a mark, number, name or letter, for purpose of identification. 

The limit of weight of packages is four pounds. 

UNMAILABLE. 
Liquids, poisons, explosive and inflammable articles, fatty substances easily IJqueflable, live or dead- 
animals (not stuffed), insects and reptiles, except queen-bees when safely secured, fruits or vegetable 
matter, confectioner.v, pastes or confections, and substances exhaling a bad odor; and eveiy letter 
upon the envelope of which, or postal card upon which , indecent, lewd, obscene or lascivious delinea- 
tions, eiiithets, terms or language may be written or printed, and all matter cmcerning lotteries, eo- 
called yilt concerts, or other similar enterprises offering prizes or concerning schemes devised and in- 
tended to defraud the public or for the purpose of obtaining money under false pretences. 

POSTAL CARDS 
may be procured at any post-office at a cost of one cent each. The message, etc., must be always 
written on the 6afA; of the card. Nothing whatever must be ftWrzcAetf to the card. Postal cards will, 
he /('?'warcfecZ from one office to another in case of removal of the person addressed, but will in no 
gase be returned to the writer, nor advertised. 

DOMESTIC MONEY ORDERS 
The new rates for postal orders, which are to some extent reductions on existing rates, are as fol- 
lows: For orders not exceeding $lo, S cents ; between $10 and $15, 10 cents; between $15 and $80, 
15 cents; between $30 and ,$4:t, 2:) cents; between $40 and $50, 25 cents; between $50 and $60, 30 
cents; between $60 and $70, 35 cents; between $70 and $80, 40 cents; between $bO and $100, 45 cents. 
No money order is to be iss-jed for a greater sum than $10J. 

FOREIGN MONKY ORDERS. 
At the principal money-order post-offices in the United States (including all the larger post-offices), 
money orders, payable at money-order posl-i ffices in Great Hritain, Ireland and Switzerland, may be 
procured at the following rates: On orders not exceeding $lo, '25 cents : over $10 and not exceeding 
$20, 50 cents; over $20 and not exceeding $K0, 75 cents; over $:W and not exceeding $40, $1; over $40 
ami not exceeding $5;i, $t 25. Orders can also he obtained on Germany at the following rates: On 
orders not exceeding $5, l."> cents ; over $5 and not exceeding $10, 25 cents; over $10 and not exceed- 
ing $20, 5il ce- ts ; over 5'20 and not exceeding $30, 75 cents; over $30 and not exceeding $40, $1; over 
40 and not exceeding $50, $1.^. 



Zi 



BATES OF FOREIOir POSTAGS. 



RATES OF FOREIGN POSTAGE. 

I. POSTAL UNION RATES. 

Within the past few years postal conventions have been concluded with most of 
the civilized nations on the globe, by which letters, pjstal c:ird«, newspapers, and 
samples of merchandise of small weight, books, bound or unbound, maijazines, and 
.periodicals, proofs, and manuscript drawings, engravings, circulars, etc., may be 
transmilted to any of the countries which have joined in tlie postal union, at low and 
oi;iform rates, whatever the di-tance. The stand:!rd angle rate of weight on letters 
is half an ounce or less, or in metrical weight, fiiteen grammes; for newspapers, two 
ounces or less, and for samples of merchandise, two ounces or less. Books, /lampldets, 
etc., come under the same rule. 



From the U. S. and be- 
tween all places in the 
Postal Union and 



Argentine Republic. . 

Austria and Hungary 

Bahama Islands 

Barbadoes 

Belgium 

Bermudas 

Brazil 

Bulgaria 

Ceylon 

China, via Hong Kong 

Chili 

Caba 

Denmark and Danish 
colonies everywhere 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

Falkland Islands. . . . 

Finland 

France and French 
colonies everywhere, 

Oermany 

Great Britain 

British colonies in Aus- 
tralia, except N. So. 

1 Wales, Queensland & 

■ Victoria via San Fr'n- 
cisco , 

Greece 

Greenland 

Guatemala 

Hayti 

Honduras 

Hong Kong 

Indii (British). 

Ireland , 

Italy , 

Jamaica 



-11 



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a 




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From the U. S. and be- 
tween all places in the 
Postal Union and 



2 1 
2 1 
2 1 
2 1 
2 1 
21 1 
2 1 
2" 1 
21 1 
2 I 
2 1 



•r " 



Japan 

Liberia 

Luxemburg 

Malacca 

Mauritius 

Mexico 

Montenegro 

Netherlands 

Netiierland colonies ev- 
ery where 

Newfoundland 

Norway 

I'iiraguay 

Penang 

Persia. 

Peru 

Portugal 

Portuguese colonies 
everywhere , 

Roumania 

Russia 

:*alvador 



Scrvia 

Singapore 

Spain 

Spanish colonies every 

where 

Straits Settlements. . . 
St. Vincent (W. Indies) 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Trinidad 

Turkey 

IT. States of Columbia. 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 

Central Anier. States. 



•eg 



S^iijo-S 



U V 



At 01 






^5 



The prepiyment of Postal Union rates is optional. When not prepaid double 
rates are collected. Letters, postal c.nrds printed mntter of all kinds, CDmmcrc'.al 
d"tunicnt3 and samples of merchandise, are transmissible in postd union matis. The 
following are considei ed as printed matter, viz. : newspapers and periodical worka 



BATES OF FOREIGN POSTAGE. 



35 



books, Btitcbed or bound, yamplilets, sheets of music, visiting cards, address cards, 
proofs of printing, willi or witliout the manusciijit rtlaliiig tliereto, enj^ravings, 
photographs, ciruwings, plans, geographical maps, catalogues, prospectuses, announce- 
ments and notices of various kinds, whether printed, engraved, liihogr.iphed, or au- 
tographed. Postal cards must belorwarded without cover. One of the sides must 
be reserved for the address alone, and ihe communication written on the other ^ide. 
It is forbidden to join to or attacli to postal cards, any article whatever. Printed 
matter must be eiiher placed under band, upon a roller, between boards, in a case 
open at one side, or at both ends, or in an unclosed envelope, or simply folded in 
such a manner aa not to conceal the nature of the packet, or, lastly, tied by a string. 
Address cards and all piinted matter presenting the form and consisting of an ua- 
foldod card, mi?y be forwarded w thout band, envelope, fastening or fold. The max- 
imum weight of printed matter is fixed at two kilograms (4 lbs. 6 oz.), Postage on 

printed matter, one cent for each two ounces. 

The Money Ordek System has been extended to Canada, Algeria, and most of 
the European States. The rales to Great Britain and Ireland are: Not exceeding 
$10, twenty-five cents; over $10 to $20, fifty cents; over J;20 to $30, seventy centa; 
over 130 to $40, eighty-five cents; over $40 to $50, one dollar. 

To Canada, German Empire, Italy, France, and Algeria, not over $10, fifteen 
cents; not over $20, thirty cents; not over $30, forty-five cents; not over $40, sixty 
cents ; not over $50, seventy-five cents. 

To Switzerland, not over $10, twenty-five cents; not over $20, fifty cents; not 
over $30, seventy-five cents; not over $40, one dollar; not over $50, one dollar and 
twenty-five centa. 



n. COUNTRIES NOT IN THE POSTAL UNION. 

The relations of Canada and British America to the United States in postal mat- 
ta>8, are so intimate that a special treaty has been made between these two countries, 
virtually extending our own postal rates over the whole of Erilish America, without 
change, except for letters, wliich remain at three cents. Newfoundland is the only ex- 
ception, the Postal Union rates continuing in force there as shown by the preceding 
table. Everywhere else in British America, across the entiri cont neut, the single 
rate on letters is three cents, and on newspapers om cent for two ounces. Patterns 
and samples in packages of eight ounces, ten ceats, prepaid, f >i eacli package. Com- 
plaint is made by our Post Office Department that our su[)p]y of mail bags and pouches, 
being much greater than the Canadian when our mails arrive in Canada, a large pro- 
portion of the mail bags are not returned, but kept iu the Canadian service. 

The number of other countries which have not come into the Postal Union is now 
very small, and is decreasing each year. As fast iS railways and steamsiiipa can 
penetrate to tlie unknown regions which remain, tiny wil be brought into tLi^ uni- 
versal equality of postal arrangements. The lb lowing table indicates those which 
etil] remained, in November, 1882, out of the Postal Union, and the rates now charged 
for postal matter. 



Countries and Places. 


o 


t o 


?! N 

_« o 


Countries and Places. 


**« 

^ 
O " 

.-1 


■2, 

(U 


lA H 
U O 

is 


Bolivia 


11 

10 
15 
10 
10 
10 
6 

io 

15. 


4 
3 
3 
4 
4 
4 
1 
2 

4 


5 

*4 
4 

t8 
4 
4 

4 

4 


N. So, Wales, via S. Francisco 
New Zealrind, " " 
Queensland, " " 
S am, <* « 
Sierra Leone 


12 
12 
12 
1(1 
10 
13 
27 

12 

10 


2 
2 
2 
2 
4 
6 
4 

2 

4 


4 


Burmah 


4 


Cape of Good Hope 

Curacoa 


4 

8 


Gambia 


4 


Gold Coast 


St. Domin-'o 


» 


Hawaiian Kingdom , 

Java 


St. IJelena 


4 


Victnria (Australia) via San 
Francisco 




Morocco, except Spanish Set- 
tlements 


4 


Zanzibar 


4 



♦This rate for 8 oz. saniplcs, hijjhcst weight permitted- 
The prrp:>.ymeEt of ir;ost of those r.tes is c rainilsory. 



t For 4 oz. samples. 



36 INTERNAL RBVENVE. 



INTERNAL REVENUE. 

These rates are those of the new Internal Revenue Law, passed 
March 3, 1883, and taking effect May-July, 1883. 

TAXES. 

Ale, per bbl. of 31 gallons $1 00 

Beer, per bbl, of 31 gallons 1 00 

Brandy, made from grapes, per gallon . . 70 

Brewers, special tax on , „ . . 100 00 

Chewing tobacco, fine cut, plug, or twist, per lb 8 

Cigars, manufacturers of, special tax .....,, 6 00 

Cigars, of all descriptions, made of tobacco or any substitute there- 
for, per 1,000 3 00 

Cigars, iraportea, in a:?.dition to import duty to pay same as above. 

Cigarettes, not weighing more tnan 3 lbs. per 1,000, per 1,000 50 

Cigarettes, weight exceeding 3 lbs per l.OOu, per 1,000 3 00 

Dealers in leaf tobacco, wholesale 13 00 

Dealers in leaf tobacco, retail, for license 2 50 

Dealers in leaf tobacco, for sales in excess of $500, per dollar ol 

excess 80 

Distilled spirits, every proof gallon 70 

Distillers, producing 100 bbls. or less (40 gallons of proof spirits to 

bbl.), per annum 400 00 

Distillers, for each bbl. in excess of 100 bbls 4 00 

Distillers, on each bbl. of 40 gallons in warehouse when act took 

effect, and when withdrawn 4 00 

IMstillers of brandy from grapes, peaches, and apples exclusively, 
producing less than 150 bbls. annually, special tax $50, and $4 
per bbl. of 40 gallons. 
Distillery, having aggregate capacity for mashing, &c.,- 20 bushels 

of grain per day, or less per day 3 00 

Distillery, in excess of 20 bushels of grain per day, for every 20 

bushels, per day 3 00 

Fermented liquors, in general, per bbl 1 00 

Fanners and producers of tobacco may sell at retail, to consumers, 
at the place of production an amount not exceeding $100 an- 
nually ; or may furnish, not to exceed 100 pounds, as supplies to 
their laborers or employees, provided, further, that they are not 
at the time engaged in the general business of selling goods to 
others than their own employees or laborers. 



IHTEBHrAL REVENUR 87 

Imitation wines and champagne, not made from grapes, currants, 
rhubarb, or berries, grown in the United States, rectified or 
mixed, to be sold as wine or any other name, per dozen bottles 

of more than a pint and not more than a quart $2 40 

Imitation wines, containing not more than one pint, per dozen bottles 1 30 

Lager beer, per bbl. of 31 gallons 1 OO 

tiiquors, dealers in, whose sales, including sales of all other merchan- 
dise, shall exceed $25,000, an additional tax for every $iOO on 

Bales of liquors in excess of such $35,000 1 00 

Manufacturers of stills 50 00 

Manufacturers of stills, for each still or worm made 20 00 

Porter, per bbl. of 31 gallons 1 00 

RectiSers, special tax 200 00 

Retail liquor dealers, special tax 25 00 

Retail malt liquor dealers .' SO 00 

Snuff, manufactured of tobacco, or any substitute, when prepared 

for use, per lb 8 

Scuff-flour, sold or removed, for use, per lb 8 

Stamps, distillers', other than tax-paid stamps charged to collector, 

each 10 

Tobacco, dealers in 2 40 

Tobacco, manufacturers of 6 0€ 

Tobacco, twisted by hand, or reduced from leaf, to be consumed, 
witliout the use of machine or instrument, and not pressed or 

sweetened, per lb 8 

Tobacco, all other kinds not provided for, per lb 8 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling with more than two horses, mules, or 

other animals (first class) 30 00 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling with two horses, mules, or other animals 

(second class) 16 00 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling with one horse, mule, or other animal 

(third class) 7 20 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling on foot, or by public conveyance (fourth 

class) 3 60 

Tobacco, snuff and cigars, for immediate export, stamps for, each. . . 10 

Wliolesale liquor dealers 100 00 

Wholesale malt liquor dealers 50 00 

Wholesale dealers in liquors whose sales, including sales of all other 
merchandise, shall exceed $35,000, each to pay an additional tax 
on every $100 of sales of liquors in excess' of $25,000 1 00 



38 STAMP 2>VTIB6. 



STAMP DUTIES. 



The latest Internal Revenue Act of the United States (that of March 
3, 1883), provides for the abolition of all stamp duties except those on 
liquors and tobacco, cigars and snuff, after July 1, 1883. A rebate is 
allowed on all unbroken packages of tobacco, snuff, cigars, and cigar- 
ettes, held by manufactuiers or dealers on the 1st of May, 1883, of the 
amount of the reduction, if applied for within sixty days after that date. 
Said rebate to be paid in stamps at the reduced rate. No stamps re- 
quired for the removal of matches from manufactories to United States 
warehouses after May 15, 1883. No drawback allowed on exports oi 
matches; etc., after Julj 1, 1883. 



RAILROAD SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. 



3» 



EAILROAD STATISTICS. 

MHiEAGE OP EAILEOADS IN OPERATION, AND ANNUAL INCREASE, 1830-1883. 
{From Poor's Manual of the^ Railroads of the United Statei.] 



Tears. 


M:ie.sin 
Opeiati'n. 


Annual 

Iiicieaseof 

Mileage. 


Tears. 


Miles in 
Operatiu 


Annual 
iicre:iseol 
Mileage. 


Tears. 


Miles in 
Operati'n. 


Annual 
Increaseof 
ilile.ige. 














1864.... 


33,908 


738 


'1S30 


23 




1847 


5 5P8 


668 




35,085 

3(i,827 


1,177 
1,742 


1 31.... 


95 


72 


1848.... 


5.996 


398 


1866.... 


1832... 


229 


134 


1849.... 


7,365 


1,369 


1867.... 


39,276 


2,4'19 


1833... 


380 


151 


18.50... 


9,021 


1.656 


1868.... 


42,255 


2.979 


1834... 


633 


253 


1851.... 


10,982 


1,9(51 


1869.... 


47,208 


4 953 


1835... 


1098 


4G5 


18.V2.... 


1-2.008 


1,926 


18 0.... 


5-J,898 


5,fi90 


1836... 


1,273 


175 


18.53.... 


15,360 


2 452 


1871.... 


f 0.568 


7,670 


1837.... 


1,497 


224 


1854.... 


16,720 


1,360 


1 1872... 


66,735 


6,167 


1838.... 


1,913 


416 


1855... 


18,374 


1.654 


1873... 


70,8-10 


4,105 


183!) .... 


2,302 


389 


1856.... 


22,016 


3,642 


' 1874.... 


72,741 


1,901 


1840... 


. 2.818 


516 


1857.... 


24 .'03 


2,487 


1875.... 


74,658 


1,917 


1841.... 


3,. 535 


717 


18.58.... 


26.968 


2,465 


1816.... 


77,5U 


2,856 


1842.... 


4,026 


491 


13.^9.... 


28,789 


1,821 


1877.... 


79,795 


2,281 


1843.... 


4,185 


159 


1 860 . . . 


30.035 


1,846 


l-'78.... 


82,483 


2,688 


1844... 


4,377 


19^ 


18lU.... 


31,286 


651 


1879.... 


87 0S9 


4,60« 


1845.... 


4,«33 


2.--6 


1862.... 


3:.>,120 


834 


ISSO ... 


94/296 


l.ioX 


1846.... 


4,930 


297 


1863.... 


33,170 


' 1,050 


1S81.... 

1882.... 


104,096 
115,696 


9,800 
11,600 














188.3. .. 


122,299 


6,600 



It 13 estimated that there are 19,003 n^iles of rail -oail track, in double, treble or quadruple tracks 
idings, etc. The total length in miles of siujle track, ia 1533, is over 141, OUO miles. * 

MILEAGB OF NEW RAILROADS CONSTRtTCTED TS EACH STATE AND TERRITORY FOB 

FIVE YEAUS. 



8TATX8, &0, 



1878. 



30 
J93X 



Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas . . . 
Oalifornia... 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Dakota 1 15 

Delawara ' 6 

Florida 

Georgia. ! 62 

Idaho ... 126 

Illinois 103 

Indiana 1 71 

Indian 1 ( rrltory 

Iowa 2c,c,^ 

Eacf:as iSqJi 

Kentuc .y 20 

Louisiana I 

Maine ' 

Marvland 1 5H 

Massirhusetts.. 6 

Michigan iio!< 

Minnesota 3^8X 

MlFBJasippI I 26 



1879. 



152 
23 



55 
"225.75 



Ji6.3a 
165.50 



■;o8 
Sil 

67 

86 

2C.50 

21 

II 

58. "iO 
4S2.54 



1882 I States, &a 



3 I 
401. so 

35.70 

I 



3.12 06 



376 



445. 3<) 

17 1 
97.20 
3 I 
41. II 
46.44 
288.75 
119.60 



^80 



iMlssourl 

'Montana 

Nebr.oska 

Nevada 

j^ew Hampshire 

jNew Jersey 

New Mexico. 

New York' 

'North Carolina. 

Ohio 

'Oregon 

Pennavlvania... 
i!!hode Island 
South Carolina. 
Tennessea . . .. 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virg^inia 



W, Virsi'iia 
Wiscons II. . 
Wyoming Ter. 




GENERAL RESULT OF RAILROAD OPERATIONS, 1 8*71-1881. 



Tears. 


Milrs 
Operated. 


Capital nnrt 
Funded Debt 


Earnixgs. 


Dividends 


Gross. 


Net. 


Paid. 


1871 


44,C14 
57.327 
C6,2;i3 
09,2': 3 

71,7."i7 
73,508 
74 112 

73,y..j 

86.(87 
94,r2J 

103.594 


32.664 657,04-. 
3,1.VJ,423,057 
3.781, 54:t,034 
4 2Jl.763,594 
4,415,631.6:0 
4, 46^.. 591,935 
4,.-(;8,597,24^ 

4,0r6,290,806 

5.:;7:l.l 49,8i-7 
5,821, 649 ,98i 


$403,309,208 
406 241,055 
526,419,935 
520,466,016 
503.065,505 
497,257,9.'^9 
472,!:-0fi,272 
49J,103,351 


$141,740,404 
165,754,373 
183,810, .5(12 
189,570,958 
185,.50;,438 
186, 4 52,-; 52 
170, 07'', 607 
187,575,167 


$.-.6,456,681 
64, .18,1.57 


1872 


1873 


67,120,709 


1874 


(-.7,042,942 
74,294,298 


1875 


1876 


68,039,668 
58 556,312 


1877 


18T8 


fi8,G294aC8 


18T9 


•1930 




1351 





40 



DIFFERENCES JN TIME. -THE LARGE CITIES OF THE WORLD. 



DIFFERENCE OF TIME. 

When it Is 12 o'clock at noon at New York City, it will be morning at all places 
Avest of New York, and afteruoou at all places east, aa in the annexed table. 



Places West. 


MOEN' 


3.1 


Places West. 


morn' 


s. 
s. 
16 
4 

4 1 


Places West. 


HORNING 


Aoapnlco, Mexico 

Auburn, New York... 

Augusta, Ga 

Saltimore, Md 

ajarliiigton, N.J 

Buffalo NT 


U. 
10 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
11 

8 
10 
10 
11 
11 

c 
11 


M |S 

10:48 

5o:i2 

28 2.-1 
49 38 
r>6 3'1 
40 24 

36 22 
(i 2 

18 16 
23 5 J 

19 20 
2:1 54 
5-1 4 
38 9 

37 8 
3G58 
47 .W 
4844 
24 1 8 

8 16 
11 a 


Little Rock. Ark 

Louisville. Ky 

Mexico, Mex 

Miiledv'evillc, Ga 

Milwaukee, Wis 

Mobile, Ala 

Monterey, Mex 

Monterey, CA 

Nashville. Tenn 

Natchez, Miss 


H.|M.j 
10:47 
lU 14i 
10,19 


Sacramento, Cal 

St. Augustine, Fla 


u. 

8 

11 

10 

10 

10 

9 

8 

9 

8 

11 

8 

10 

11 

10 

11 

11 

w 

10 

11 
11 
11 
1) 
11 
11 


u. 

56 
29 
55 
43 
22 

7 

40 
51 
48 
31 
37 
57 
17 
24 
38 
57 

5 

55 
31 

6 
47 
33 
43 
54 
49 


s. 
44 
4 
44 


11 22:45 
11 411G 
11 2 
10 14 22 

8l4835 


St. Paul, Minn 

San Antonio. Tesa«... 

>an Diego, Cal 

Sun Francisco, Cal 

Santa Fe, N. Mex 

Santa Cruz. W.I 

Savannah, Ga 


45 
8 
11 


CharlesUm, S. C 


19 
59 




11! 8 

10 50 

1 1 59 


48 
26 
24 
44 

4 
49 


44 


4 




19 




Newark, N. J 

Newbfrn, N.C 

New Osleans, La 


Scarboro Har., W. T. . 

Springfield, 111 

Tallahassee, Fla 

Tarapico, Mex 

Toronto. C.W 

Trenton, N. J 


36 




U 
10 
11 
11 
11 
U 
11 
7 
11 
11 
11 
11 
U 


47 
56 
50 
8 
46 


.-iS 


Dover, Del 

Swing Harbor, 0. T. . . 
ift.Leaven worth, Kan. 

GaJveaton, Texas. 

Geneva, N Y 


40 
37 


Pensacola, Fla, 

Petersburg, Va 

Philadelphia.Pa 


38 

9n 


55 25 
35 56 
45 6 
57 26 
5 23 
40 52 
46'l5| 


Tnscalnosa. Ala. 

TTtica, N. Y 

Vera Cruz, Mex.. 

Yincennes, Ind 

Washington. D. C 

Wheeling, W. Va 

Wilniingt'On. N.C 

Wilmington. Del 

Yorktown, Va 


16 


Harri.sburg, Pa 

Boiioliilu. S. I 

Huntsvillo, Ala 

Indianapolis. Ind 


^1 


Poijit Hird.^on, W. T.. 
Princeton. N.J 


30 
24 

53 


101.55 .'K 

10 47 32 

11 28 54 
11 20 2f 

1 


Raleigh, N.C 

Richmond, Va 

Rochester, N. Y 

Sacketts Harbor, N.Y. 


16 




24 


Key West, Fla 

Knoxville, Tenn 


44 
52 


40 
16 


12 
48 


PLACES EAST 


AFTEK- 
NOON. 


PLACES BAST. 


AFTER- 
NOON. 


places east. 


aftbh- 

NOON. 


Albany NY 


H. M. 
1 
16 

36 

on 


B. 

6 
44 

:,(} 

39 
.-)0 


42 
21 

4 


Halifax.N.S 

Hamburg, Germany... 

Uarttord, Conn 

Loudon, Euglaud 



5 

4 





1 


.\1. b. 

41 38 
35 58 

5:21 

55!41 
10 4- 


P.iris, France 

Portland, Maine 

I'l videuce, R. I 

Quebec, Canada 

Rome, Italy 

St. Peter.sbnrg, Rns.. 
Stockholm. Sweden... 
Vicuna, Austria 


U.IM. 

5! .5 


s. 
30 







5 
6 
6 
6 


15 
10 
U 
45 
57 
8 
1 


10 




25 


Beilin, Prus 




.59 


Constantinople, Tur... 

Dublin, Ireland 

EdinliurKh, Scotland.. 
Prederi.-t-.n. N. 15 


( 

< 


52 
•SO 
43 
29 


Middletown, Conn 

Montre.il, L. C 

Now Haven, Conn... 


5 
1 
4 


|44 
,23 

1 


18 
18 
37 



THE LARGE CITIES OF THE WOELD. 



CITIES. POPDLITION. 



iondon 4 

Paris 2, 

Peking 1, 

Canton 1, 

New York 1, 

Tckio 1 

Berlin 1 

Vienna 1 

Constantinople.! 

Tien-tsin 

St. PetiTsburg. 
Philadelphia . . . 

•Calcutta 

New Yedo 

Sombay 

Brooklyn 

Macao. 

Moscow 

Hankow 

Chicago 

Kioto 

Liverpool 

Osaka 

Glasgow 

Naples 



764,312 
,22.\9U) 
650,000 
600,000 
206,590 
140,586 



CITIES. PopoLATioK. CITIES. Population. 



CITIES. POPCLATIOM. 



Dublin 418,152 Bieslau 272,910 Lille 177,940 

" Louis 41-.' 000 l.ucknow 261,4-5 Salford 176,23.3 

Uambu^ .410 120 Ciuciuaati 255,139 , Belfast 174,594 



Madras 405.948 

liii-miugham 400,757 

Nanking .400,tKlO 

jl22,360 1 Brussels..., 
103 110 .Manchester 

]07o,6'J0 1 Lynns 872,890 

930.001 



870.5T0 
847,1.50 
794.645 
780,62 1 
753,000 
670.C'00 



Banc'kok . . 255,0ii0 Florence 169,000 

Turin 252,850, Riga 168.840 

Havana 252,000 Stockholm 168,770 

399 936' BuenoB Ayres 248,110 Wolverhampton.. 164,308 

. '. .■393!676 Lisbon 2-16 340 j Antwerp ^l,^ 2H 

" Palermo 24i.99Ui Prague 162,520 

Copenha^'en v;35,254 Hull .. 161,519 

San Francisco. . . .23o,9."9 Cleveland 160,146 

Bud.-Pesth 3.59;821 {Bucharest 231,805. Lima . . . 160,056 

Marseilles 857,530 Barcelona 231,161 iPatna, India 158,900 

Cairo 849,883 Munich 230,0.';; Pittsburgh . 

Warsaw 339,340 F.dinburgh. 



Madrid 867,230 

Boston ,..3»2,&;8 



Baltimore.. . 
62.5,000 j .\msterdam . 

611,970 Milan 

600,000 Shanghai... 

.575.000 Mexico 

560,200 Leeds 

5.52,42.5 I ilome 

53.'<,0(0 Sheffield 

511, .'82; Melbourne 
493,110 



...882,31'? 



...326.196 
321,840 

S'io.ooo 



Bordeaux. . . 



.156,.389 

!228',190 Butfalo.T 16\13» 

.220,960 Delld, India 154.417 



Dresden . , 220,820 Oldham 

New Orleans 216,009 1 All.ihabad. . . 

.\lexaiidria 212,0.54 Adrianople .. 

315 996! Benares 207, .570 Leipsic 

' »,9 126lBristol 206..50:? Kntterdam . . 

■ ■30o'47o ' Odessa 193.510, Washington. 

■2S4'41f> Klberfeld 189,480 

Meinourne. ...'. ."280 -3' ■ Bradford 180,4.59 

Rio do Janeiro ..27-i,'JV2, Genoa n9,olU| 



1.52,511 
.150.378 

150,000 
..149,080 
..148 000 
. .147,293 



IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 



41 



TABLE OF IMPORTS, FOUEIGN EXPORTS, NET IMPORTS A'ND DOMESTIC 
EXPORTS, FEOM 1844 to 1883, OF MERCHANDISE AND BULLION. 
The following table exhibits the Imports, Exports of Foreign Goods, net Im- 
ports and Exports of goods, the production, growth or manufacture of the United 
States from the year 1S21, when for the first time, the distinction was made between 
the imports and exports of merchandize and that of coin and bullion. The fiscal 
J jar closed September 30, till June 30, 1843, when it closed as now, June 30. An^ 
additional column gives the value of our domestic exports, since 1861, in mixed 
values — gold and currency, all the other columns being in gold values. 



Tear, Ending: 



Sept. 30 1821. 

•■ " 1822. 

" " 1823. 

" " 1824. 

" " 1825. 

" « 1826. 

" " 1827. 

" " 1828. 

" " 1829. 

" " 1830. 

" " 1831- 

" " 1832. 

" " 1833. 

" '■ 18.i4. 

" " 1835. 

" '• 1836. 

" " iS.;-.. 

" " 1838., 

" " 1839., 

" « 1840.. 

" •' 1641., 

" " 1842., 

Jose 30 1«43*, 

JTune 30 1844. 

" " 184.'S. 

V " 18^ 

" " 18^." 

" " 1848. 

" " 1349. 

" " 1850. 

" " 1851. 

" " 1852. 

*' " 1853., 

" " 1854. 

" " .1855.. 

" " 1856., 

" " 1857.. 

" " 1858.. 

" " ,...1859.. 

*■ " 18G0.. 

" " 18C1.. 

" " 18G-2.. 

" " 1863.. 

" " 1864.. 

- " 1865.. 

" " 1866.. 

'.' " 1867.. 

" " 1868.. 

" " 1869.. 

" " 1870.. 

*' " 1871.. 

" " .-> 1872.. 

- " 1873.. 

" '• 1874.. 



Imports. 



..1875. 
,.1876. 
..i8;8. 
..1879 

..:sso. 

.1881. 
.1882.. 
.1883.. 



$ 

62,585,72-t 

83,241,541 

77,C79,267 

. 80,549,007 

96,310,075 

84,974,477 

79,484,068 

88,509,824 

74,4^2,527 

7ll,87B,920 

103,191,124 

101,029,266 

108,ll8,:ill 

126,.521,332 

149,895,742 

189,980,035 

140,9^0,217 

113,717,404 

162,092,132 

107,141,519 

127,946,17 

l00,lfi2,0« 

64,753,799 

108,435,035 

117,254,564 

121,691,797 

146,545,638 

154,998,928 

147,857,439 

178,138.318 

216,224,932 

212 945,442 

267,978,647 

304,562,381 

261,468,520 

314,039.942 

360,890,141 

282,613,150 

338,768,i:i0 

362,16h,2.54 

335.650,153 

205.771,729 

252,919,920 

329,562,895 

248.555,6.52 

445,512,158 

417,833..575 

371.624,808 

437,314.2.55 

462,377,557 

541,493.708 

64a.3o8,766 

66:', 6 17, in 

< 595,861,248 

( 553,906,153 

T 176,'677,871 



Foreign 
Expoits 



492,097,.54O 
466,872.846 



21.302,488 
22,8^6.202 
27,543,622 
25.337,157 
32,.5y0,643 
24,539,612 
23,403,136 
21,595 017 
16,658 478 
14,387,479 
20 0.i3,5:>6 
24,039,473 
19,822,735 
23,312,811 
20.504,495 
21,746,360 
21,8.54,962 
12,452,795 
17,494,525 
18,190,312 
15,469,081 
11,721,538 

6,552,697 
11,484 86' 
15,346.830 
11,346,623 

8,011.158 
21,128,010 
13,088.865 
14,951 80 
21,098,20 
17,289,382 
17,,i58,4G0 
21,850,194 
28.448.293 
16,378,578 
23,975 617 
30,886,142 
20,89.1,077 
26,933,022 
20,645,427 
16,869,466 
26,123.58-1 
20,2.56.940 
32,114,15 
14,742,117 
20 61 1, .-.08 
22,001,126 
2. ,173.4 14 
30,427,159 
28,459,899 
22,769,749 
28,149 511 
23,780,338 



22,433,624 



21,270,035 



2,^,832,195 
20,83;,738 



Net Imports, 



4fi6.n73,77r. 19,541,057 
T60 9S9.056 19,487,331 ,' 
753.240 la.")! 23 63130^1 
767111 9R4 I S-^^Pg.TB.?/ 
751,670,305 I 29,812,922 | 



41,283,236 

60.955,339 

50,035,645 

55,211,850 

63,749,432 

60,434,865 

56,080,932 

66,914,80" 

57,834,049 

56,489,441 

83,157,598 

76,989,793 

88,295,576 

103,208.521 

12<t,391,247 

168,233,675 

119,134,255 

101,264,609 

144,597,607 

88.951,207 

112,477.096 

88,440,549 

58,201,102 

96,950,1 lib 

101,907,734 

110,345,174 

138,534,4^0 

133,870.91.- 

134768,574 

163,186,510 

194,526,639 

115,656,060 

250.420.18 

279.712.187 

233,020,^27 

2 8,26l,:iG4 

33G.914,.524 

251,727.008 

317,873,053 

33.\233,2!2 

31.5,004.726 

188,902,263 

226,796,3;36 

309,305.955 

216.441,495 

430,770,041 

397,222,067 

349,023,682, 

412 140 841 

431,950.423 

513,033.809 

617,56H,017 

635.407,636 

572,080,910 



DoMEb'nC KxJ'OKTS. 



Total 
Gold Value 



531,472,529 
455,407,836 



4CG,265,045 
44G,038,iu3 

446,532,718 
r41,.';ni,725 
r»2 664 'I2fl I 
743,872.231 1 
721,8'57,383 | 



$ 

43,671.8^4 

49,874,079 

47.15.5,408 

50,649,500 

66,944,745 

53.05.5,710 

.58.921,691 

50.669 669 

55,700,193 

59,462,029 

61,277,057 

63,137,470 

70,317,698 

81,024 162 

101,189,082 

106,916,680 

95,564,414 

96,033,821 

103,533,f91 

113,895.634 

106.382.722 

92,969,996 

77,793,783 

99,715,179 

99,299,776 

]0-.M41,893 

150.637.464 

132.904.121 

132,66(>,955 

136,946.912 

196,689,718 

192.368,984 

213.417.697 

252,047,806 

24li,70(^,553 

310,586,330 

338,98,5,065 

293,7.58.279 

33.5,894,385 

373,189,274 

228,699,486 

210,688,675 

241.997.474 

243,977,589 

201,5.58 ;t72 

420.101,476 

33i,G18,08'i 

353,135,87.5 

318,082663 

420,500,275 

512,802 267 

501,-J85.371 

578,938,985 

629,133,107 

§10200,059 

583,141,229 

§15,596,.524 

575,62(1,938 

§10. .507, .563 

632,804,962 

7;)7,771,153 



Mix'd VMlues 
GddifeC'rncy. 



$215,069,519 
305,884,998 
320,035, IGf 
323,74.3,187 
5.50,684,277 
433 577,312 
454 3111,713 
413,961,115 
4!i9.092,143 
562,518,651 
549,219,718 
649,132,563 
603039,054 
§11,424,06(5 
643,094,767 
§15 596,524 
644,956,406 
§10,. ^07 .563 
676,115,592 
722,811,815 
§10,535,857 
717,r93 777 ' 717,093.777 
833,e94.246 883 294.246 
898 152 891 898 1.52.891 
199,9.59,736 1 799,959.786 
825,846,813 | 8'25,S46,813 



* Nine months only. § Addition to Domestic Exports, Merchandise only, taken from Canadian reports. 



43 



EDU0ATIO]S"AL. 



The Educational condition of tlie United States, though not ye* 
what we may hope it will be, is far in advance of that of any other 
nation. Some of the German States maintain a system of compul- 
sory education, which ensures to every child a certain amount of 
intellectual training, but this is surrounded by such restrictions that 
it is not so beneficial to the youth of the State as our more free and 
practical system of education. In our country, up to the close of 
the late war, very few of the Southern States had any thorough sys- 
tem of primary education, and many of their secondary and higher 
schools, colleges and seminaries, were very superficial; but the last 
ten years has witnessed a great advance in these respects in thoso 
States, and the Northern States have made equally rapid progress. 

The tables which follow, show that nearly 9,375,000 of our children 
— about one-fifth of our population — were enrolled in our Public 
Schools, in 1878; 28G,G75 in our secondary and special schools (these 
returns are so incomplete that they do not probably represent one-half 
of the actual number in attendance), 202,165 others are reported as ia 
secondary and preparatory schools, the Universities and Colleges had 
57,987 students, and the Scientific and Professional Schools 34,296, 
making a grand total of nearly 10,000,000 children and youth under 
instruction; more than 291,500 teachers are engaged in the work of 
Instruction. For the purposes of this education, the investment in real _ 
estate, appliances for teaching, and libraries, is over $390,000,000; the' 
amount of vested and permanent funds (largely increased by benefac- 
tions, sales of land, etc., every year) is more than $152,500,000, and 
the annual income $131,300,000. No nation in the world can make 
such an exhibit as this, but we may fairly hope that another decade will 
show one-fourth of our population under instruction, with greatly in> 
creased facilities. The reader will find, also, in the tables which follow, 
an account of the private benefactions made to education since 1870, 
and of the large libraries which have made such a rapid growth witluB 
Uie past few years. 



PUBLIC SQHOOLS, 



43 



STATISTICS OP THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THB UNITED STATES, JANUARY, 18T9. 



1. Summary of School Age, Population, Eiirolm»nt, 
Attendance, dec. 



' STATES 
tERaiTORIES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

Ca Ifornia. 

Colorado 

Connecticut. .... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Gaorgia 

llli"oi3 

lodiaaa. 

Iowa 

K^ina.s 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Missaciiusetts. . . 

Michigan 

Minneiota 

Mississippi 

Missoui'i 

Nebraska. .. 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Je sey 

NeTYork 

North Oai'olina . 

Odi) 

Oregon 

PeaosylraDia. .. 

Rhode Island. . . . 

South Cariilina.. 

Tennessee 

Texa- 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia... 

Wisconsin. 



ToUl. 



Arisona , 

D ikoU 

Di>t of Columbia 

Idaho , 

Montana , 

New Mexico. 

Utah 

Wa-hiiigton 

Wyoming 

Indian 



TotaL 

Grand Total. ..i 



o21 
.21 

IT 
.21 

16 
.21 
.21 
.18 
.21 

21 
.21 
.21 
.20 
.21 
.21 
.20 
.15 
.20 
.21 
.21 
.20 
.21 
.18 
.21 
.18 
.21 
.21 
.2. 
.2.1 
.21 

5 .15 

6. 16 
6. .18 
8.. 14 
5.. •-'11 
5. .21 
6. .21 



8T0,245 
216,47.=) 
2i)5,4T5 

25,413 
138,41)7 

8.\649 

72,935 
433,444 
1,002,421 
699,153 
575,474 
26S 575 
512,808 
274,4)6 
214,797 
276,120 
C297,202 
476.806 
271,428 
345,013 
63^,24.8 
104,030 
9,922 

73,785 

822,166 

l,615,25i5 

42 .',3^0 

-51,027,343 

53,462 
/l,330,0O0 

firJ3,316 

228,128 
448,917 
194,353 
92,831 
483.701 
209,532 

478,692 



14,418,923 



4 

5 

,^29 

33, 

12, 



17,000 
157,261) 



14,576.183 



115,339 



858,647 
160,440 



757,440 



223,128 



307,742 
1201,645 



2,145,38^ 



35,943 



16i),71:< 

83.747 
154,064 

16 641 
119,828 

26 78) 

86,964 
209,672 
7i)6,T23 
6 ■2,53.i 
428,262 
177,8ii6 
248,000 

83,047 
155,150 
156,274 
810,181 
8.^9,702 
167,325 
2i).'),978 
448,033 

62,785 
7,612 

66,023 

202,634 

1,032.052 

228,092 

740,194 

26,992 
936,780 

45,633 

116.2-39 
261,152 
146,946 
73,0sl 
202,244 
130,154 

297,5D2 
9,294,816 



9J,12o 



94,693 
9,699 
73,565 



83,694 



69,532 73,879 



2,214,939 9,373,19.3 



23.933 
l-'^O 60> 

c420,031 
Sl.'S.SflS 
256,913 
106,932 
160,000 
c54,390 
108,940 
81,829 
22-i,447 

o210,000 



84.66 



115,976 
cl?2,000 

4,666 
48,410 
113,694 
577,606 
132,.'>53 
46.3,372 
21,464 
603,826 

23,756 



172,198 

' '48,638 
116,464 
86,768 



5,093,298 



890 
1,342 
18,133 




144.2 

91 

178 47 
al57 5 
105 8 
MO 
154.22 
129 
146 
113 
110 
«80 
118 
183 
176 
1.30 

85 

79 

99 
102 
161 

96.65 
194 
179 

46 
155 

94 
145 

( hm 

I 182 
91 
77 

'124 

107 
96.36 
;616I 
189 



187 



132 
137 
130 



543 



a For white schools only. 

h la the counties. 

o In 177. 

d For colored population the school 

age is from to 16. 
t In rural Louisiana. 



/ In 1873. 

g Census of 1875. 

',(, Foi' evening schools. 

i Numijer lietween 4 and 15. 

j Census of 1S70. 



2. Ko. of Teachers, Malt 

and Female, and 

their Salaries. 



Number of 
Teachers. 





<o 






0> 


a 


d 


a 


S 


S, 



8,278 1,522 

710 165 
1,192 2,101 

226 841 
aT52 fl2,329 
6235 &273 

635! 835 
8,6.54 1,826 
9,475, 12.817 
8,n39 5,742 
7,561 ]3,02( 
2,86'! 8,49"d 
1,600 2,700 

589, 1,533 
2,280 4,540 
1,295 1776 
1,118 7,390 
3.916 9,467 
1,757 3,115 
2,747' 2,016 

(11,268) 
2,699 2,121 
45 124 

6i)0' 8,026 

993 2,436 
7.973 22,.389 
2,719 1,003 
11,099 12.292 

(1, 068) 
9819^ 11,572 

a30) al,012 

1,844' 1,273 
4,057 1,635 

(4, 830) 

c720 c3,6(i8 

2,3.53 1,750 



Average 
Monthly Sal> 
ary. 



(*17 44) 
$50 HO, $40 00 
83 95 68 24 



49 90 
61 w^ 

83 08 



2,822 
(9, 



(269, 



19 
141 

81 



57 
1.32 
2,34 
134 

21 
(19 



925 

808) 



54 07 
cSl 20 
83 93 

83 63 
41) 01) 

d4<) 00 
82 63 

40 43 
75 64 

41 41 
37 52 
27 00 
.'6 86 

84 65 
106 00 

87 12 
60 50 
(43 
(2 J 
59 00' 
45 00 ! 
So 58 



46 95 
86 50 
26 19 



30 8T 

C4.5 80 

27 84 

27 10 
85 00 

(/87 00 
15 99 

40 43 
33 04 

26 16 

28 13 

27 00 

28 09 
25 75 
84 00 
24 2b 
36 U 

44) 
lb) 

41 00 
S5 00 
81 Si 



75 00 i5 86 

23 22 25 i3 
(2 3' 12) 
6(53,09) 
80 44 20 00 



132) 



18 
189 
889 



69 

15 

235 

145 

27 



(271.144) 



32 19 
rf29 54 

«105 55 


27 14 
c;26 19 

e36 53 






91 00 
87 Ifi 
86 55 


74 00^ 
26 54f 
64 03 



(5971) 



85 00 22 00 
40 00 SO 00 

(T166) 
89 70 89 70 



a Number of males employed 
in wilier; Nn. oflemales 
employeil in summer. 

6 For w''ite schjols only. 

c In cities. 

d Exclusive of New Orleans 



rosLic scnoui^s. 



3. Annual Tnoome, Enpenditure, and Value of School Building&, 



STATES 
J 

'rEURITORIES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

Caliroriiia 

Colorado. ...... 

Connecticut . . . . 

Delaware 

Florida. 

€teorgia 

niinois 

India a 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Marj'land 

Massachusetts . . 

Michigan 

Minne.-ota 

WississippL 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jer:^ey 

New York 

North Ca-ollna. , 

Ohio , 

Oregon , 

PeIm^J•lvatlia. . 
Rhode Island .. 
South Carolina. 

Tenne see 

Texas 

Vermont 

■Virginia 

West Vircinia . 
Wisconsin 



1430.855 

11,20" 

2,011,800 



2,000,000 
243,500 



8,893.52-1 
8,468,799 

2 --jss.sgi 

1,0(1(1,(100 

A-8>.92l 

J400,5UO 

906,i29 

2.0C7,ltO0 

&3, 15 1,418 
8,8Ml,9e4 
«815,-229 
2,909,4.o7 
2.120,182 
*2T4,500 
*4!)4,000 
l.:^6.%284 
7,270.584 
112,(S00 

*3,742,7(50 



240,376 
62,5V2,500 



6fi69,0S7 

i,4-?o,645 

892.2:i2 

2.6So,T03 



c .2 

rt.£J2 
Ex '3 

c— ' o 

£ =■§ 
< 



|4^0,?5! 
191,19' 



2,000,00 



5,337,'-6- 
8,9(4,401 



10,000,00(1 
1,600,000 



906,229 



M.&13,662 
15,000,000 

<;7,278 503 
ilS,734,84S 

'^•53^' '00 
l,3C5,2i4 



6509,030 

261,796 

62.512,566 



1,430,645 

3'.I2.2:j2 

' 2,6.sii,703 



JSTT.IS 

258,355 
S.S20,tili 

281,074 

1,509,159 

216,540 

18:i,811 

411,45 

9.(;34,728 

4,591.9i;S 

4,840 856 

1,803,303 

1,827,.'.75 

546,466 

1,140,914 

1,540,861 

64,&i5,635 

3,210,486 

2.5 4,485 

f 20,21 8 

8,424,41 8 . 

665,0(;8, 

236,491 

68:^,440 

2,(04.049 

10,646,f51 1 

452,516 

T,842.oin 

258,786 
8, 80,000 1 
7(9.4-;4 
816,197, 
904.428 
a59,4Sli 
516.SF8 . 
938.fc81i 
835,175 
2,743,!56 



Annual Hbcpenditure. 



re = ^ 



$4,435 
456.566 

24 5i9 
132,687 



182,102 

4':4.304 

720,790 

265,(61 

5,0*10 

7,%'8 

92,7(6 

2o7,6<".2 

4,786 

665,:^3S 

77,471 



138,775 

27.589 

102,8-2 

8.V2.243 

,584.988 

12.864 

,015,785 

80,f35 

,118,ls6 

175.363 

6,303 

55,(85 

29,648 

' '84.497 

57,726 

25k',G51 



$s,oe4| 

"'42'i6o! 



80,000 
" 11,595 



$850,633 

121,397 

2,272,551 

1:3,089 

l,04i,041 

. 125,859 

85,361' 



$6,788 
426.708 

26,1>4 
302.849 

90,681 
6,SC0 



76,005; 

■(■")" I 
6ti,45Si 
25.lM)0' 
82, 1 39 i 
80,339! 
28,250' 
54,985 

" 67,420 

7,412 



24,460, 

"l',0ii3' 
28.180 

129 400 
13,495 

185,850 

"'72,800 
10,201 

' 16,074 



12,270 
4^5.208 
14.149 
46,001 



Total 



•Arieona 

l>akota 1 

Dist.of Columbial 

Idaho I 

Montana 

New Mexico .... 

Utah I 

Washington j 

W.voming 

Indian 



TotaL .. 



Grand total. ; 57,845,640 




86,085,264 8,39a,860 1,074,007 



8,406| 1,100 

20,723 

i:9,3t55 11,435 



I 

21.396 

72,950 
87o.6o6 

38,347 

66,941 10,328 

25,478 
113.413 

49,7(-5 .. 

24.026 
161,320 



942,837 91,290| 14,035 



27,463 



1,500 



j6,97S,101 8,458,650 1,083,M2 



4,445.f57 

8,0t;5,908 

3,011,'.:30i 
980.435] 

1,0(10,000, 
426,8891 
830,6701 

1,122,4141 
cS71.857i 

1,920,239; 
8 78,980 1 
586 393' 

2,320.4::i0 
444,600| 
106,301' 
419.258i 

1,52S,('86 

7756,844' 
292,893| 

4,956,514 
194,571 

4,755,620 
427,445 
291,268 
692,198 
656,977 
407,8:^5 
714,651 
5ol 705 

1,()0 1,252 



1,161,689 
954,518 
2^5,46;B 
100,000 
91,35: 
1^6,994 
284,934 
430,255 
54(1,942 
480,814 



142,785 

57,473 

60,194 

64,640 

1.284,678 

5,035 

1,836,976 

'2,241.371 
66.761 
21,459 
80,925 



' 90.9f6 
121.479 
113,(95 
217,632 



51,858,86l!ll,542,083 



14,947 

80,489 

227,159 

2S,0S2 



1,943 
8,576 
95,61 



1»,4321 
84,230, 



16,410 

73,025 



8,'158 



494.794 109.594 



51,8-3,655 11,651,67 



$358,697 

148,393 

3,155,815 

24;B,85(> 

1,506,477 

216,540 

134,880 

411.453 

7,526,109 

4,(351,911 

4,692.638 

1541,417 

l,lcO,000 

55^,231 

1,050,709 

1,598.260 

5,16C,9;8 

3,116,519 

1,494,685 

592.805 

2,4i'6.1?3 

750,520 

205,147 

636,655 

2.( 04.049 

10,755,906 

824,287 

7,! 95 125 

275,106 

8,187,977 

679,770 

319,030 

794,232^ 

747.5341 

511,1(1' 

96:^895, 

C?7,275 

2,117,.5S5 



ll 



•5 "^ 

iu m ^ 

*2 o 

= — ja 
c S u 



$6,343.81 
474,771 



4*4,861 
116,98* 



16,105,S'(i 
11,536,641 

9,356,121 

4,527,2'^. 

2,300,000 
700,00(1 

8,063,4: J 



8,937.091 
8,S82,S6a 

"8,'32l',89» 

1,806,46( 

283.388 

2,386,54 f 

6,300,3(18 

30,147,589 

157,920 

21,329,864 

483,000 

24,819,820 

2,(a4,94f 



1,051,891 



1,012,503 
1,688,349 
6,115,556 



9,652,553 174,887,319 



21,396 
57.798 

373,606 
23,082 
65,5i5 
18.^90l 

113.193 

rf4y.T05 
16,400 

137,775 



47,473 

60,819 

1,181,664 

"""88',285 

■"i^2',ii2 

'215,C()a 



877,105 1,974,858 



80,529,9581-6,812,177 



a Included in teac'iers" salaries. 
b Total of items reported. 



c Only a psrtial report. 
d. Estimated by the Bureau- 



PUBLIC SCUOOL-x 
4. Summary of Per Capita Expenditure. 



45 





C8 

'5. 


ti .2 

•- 3 
5-3 


11 


1^ 






§ 






"•3 


'^ H'3 




t- 


^ 


fe a 


t- a 






>; 


K..g 




> 




STATES AND TERRITORIES. 


5 = 


Sr3 
« 


S 


5S 


the ye 
betwec 
erest on 
perty. 




— o 


c "' 


c * 


a g 


".= .11 




S-a 


"3 


V bfi 


Si 


b- '^o 








3 1- . 










^ H.'o 


■? >3 


.t; c 


■■S gs'^ 




a-° 


2 


c = 




n C.3 "» 
















P-o 


&=^ 


^ w M 


^o 


c.'t; n-i 




H 


w 


H 


H 


H 




$24 73 

15 26 

ala 74 

12 G2 


$35 76 


$62 T6 








14 Gi 

alS f,9 
25 62 


19 85 

«28 19 

38 96 








ai$13 74 


at?,l < 04 









cV2 f.3 
10 71 
10 65 
10 14 

8 91- 

8 22 


cl7 10 
12 87 

14 22 
16 40 

15 13 
11 05 


cl9 33 
2J 14 

27'66" 

19 08 
18 43 








12 85 

9"62' 

12 84 












Distiict of Columbia 


11 69 


Iowa ■, . 


14 37 




o7 45 

7 21 

7 04 

6 92 

6 So 
a6^".5 

5 50 

5 U.6 

5 10 


all) 63 

11 95 

9 00 

8 00 

9 51 
alO 80 

8 90 


















15 57 

24 03 

15 10 

fll3 52 












Ohio 


9 29 


10 98 






















8 12 


14 47 








5 OG 
5 r4 
4 SS 
4 52 
4 50 
8 82 


8 05 

6 4;3 

7 32 
7 24 
6 13 

9 24 


17 09 

9 62 

12 18 














i 82 
«flO 69 


10 54 




(212 43 




8 SO 












8 33 
3 33 
2 0') 
z 00 


5 23 

: v:5 
4 00 

6 72 


5 78 
7 6:3 

6 00 






Utah 


8 33 








Louisiana 








1 83 

1 70 


4 S7 
2 93 


7 59 

8 46 


2 87 


8 07 








Ol 53 
97 


a3 70 

■J 25 


c4 91 
3 64 






Alabama 








95 


1 96 


8 15 






Korth Carolina 


76.7 


1 42 


2 44.5 










7 72 

7 61 

al 31 












11 81 
al4 40 























aim 877. 

h Bel capita of popalatioQ between 5 and 17. 



c Includes expenditure for evening schools. 
d Per capita of population between 4 and 16. 



46 



SECONDARY AND &CIENTIFIO SCHOOLS. 



SECONDARY INSTRUCTION. 
After our Public Schools, of which we have giveu such full statisticg in the pro- 
ceding tables, some schools of secondary or superior instruction, which under a 
variety of names, form the connecting links between the public school and the 
college or university. Some of these are private schools but somewhat permanent 
in character; they may be schools for boys, or for girls, or both; others rank as 
academies, high schools or seminaries; others still, are jirepaiatory fchools for (he 
college course; others still as schools of superior instruction lor women, Female 
Seminaries, Colleges, Academies, or Collegiate Institutes. Still another class, are 
Commercial or Business Colleges. There are also Normal Schools or College.?, 
sometimes private, sometimes State or City institutions, intended for training 
teachers— and schools of special instruction for deaf mutes, blind, feebleminded, 
orphans and juvenile offenders. The character of these schools is so diverse th{.t 
WG cannot bring them under a table, showing the number in each State, bnc we 
give below the aggregate number of each class in the entire country, w'tn such 
particulars as can be collected concerning them, premising that a consideruole num- 
ber are not reported in any year. 



CLASHES OF 
SCHOOLS. 



'fichoo 8 & Acad. B ya. I 

Sch I U& Acad. Girls. [ .. 

School', B ys and Uirls. ) 

i'reparator . St--hool3 

Si'hools. Aearts, ,^ein .CVil & 
Col. Iris, for superior in 
Btriicti n ' f women 

N riittl Sihoola and Col .... 

Com. and Busiiieis Col 

Kin lerg.irt^n 

Sprcial Instruction — 

Seh ol3 for Deaf Mutes 

Schools for I he Blind 

Schools, feeble minded. 



1 227 
114 



I.lio 



. et' 



Refirm Schoo's 

Orphan Asyliima, Soldiers' 
Or. Home*. liif nt Asyl- 
ums and lnd.is. bthools. . . 

Totali 

firandTolals 



« 


^ 






















E^ 


H 


J3 

a 


^ 


£ 




1^ 


b 






^ 


?i 


!5 


» 




■2,429 


3,318 


100,371 


(8 


16) 


12,538 


834 


1.B7J 


92,619 


(1, 


■>'21) 


3J669 


(6 


271 


2l,0« 




376 


4,197 


a 


m 


6,03R 


(b 


47) 


•2,il4 


(4 


i-:) 


),"8I 


His 


45J 


1J,8.0 


(3. 


68S') 


87,082 


1 n 


6 11) 




3 506 


,5.121 


'.8.1,243 



I 2-2,6"9 

11,5S9 15 27 



° 3 5 



13,837,114 
4,4'J9,27u 



rjg. 

Ill 



f'v 15a,' 
3S.5i8. *j.0I8 



ij,l P4,C9'i 
J,34S,699 



,.'»,1S5 
rjT,824 



o.i 



165,6 6 
76,8 4 



41,469 21-2 6 135 128 ; 



1,628,4 8 
62;,8J2 



513 6iC 
116.8S'] 



225 «-T 
129.:' 3.1 
49,984 



3^,610 

8MT9 



1 ',527.661 '1. 01, 



IV. SCIEXTIFIO AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS. 
There still remains to complete ovi- sniiiraary review of the Education.nl institutions oi" Mb 
oouiitrv some account of tbtiScieritieo and Profession nl SihooLs or Inslitnuoiis of Iho L-.i^ed 
States The Siientific Scbool.^rfre of two clas-es. Those orsanized under the law ir,-. Ring 
grants of land to AsricuUuraL Colleges, and receiving the avnils of these grants and Ih.so »Mt 
receivino- these avails, but ni.dowed by State or private nuuiificeiice. The The(do>;ical bpimiia- 
ries and" institutions can. be classed under a single head, thmiph some of tbem aio cuiecteil 
with Collen-esor Uuivevsities, and others are indepeiulent of these; some have » cmiiseof 
classical st"udy, and others are contined to theological studies exclusively. T).o Law .S.-hu..ls 
eome under a sin.'l.i head, but the Medical Schools are divided into Regular Ixouiflbopaf h:c. ai a 
Eclecti.', and thta D«ntal and I'harmaceutical Schools are slso classed;>v:th tfiem.^ We-givo 
horewitli sncli .^t.Ttistics as cnn he ohtaii'ed otj^sll the,^e Scienlific and P" .-'n^ioTT I s-, • 



ri.ASs=E.'r OF 
8CHOOI. OR INSTI- 
TUTION- IN 
UN 11 ED STATES. 



L SCIHNTIFIC ^CHOOLP. 

A— Srh o a eiid,'"ed 

from ^gricult'iral gr'nt. 

B_Notthiise dowed. 

II. Thkol i.IC.I. ScB'ts, 1'25 

III. L»w Schools 60 

IV. ■ Ht.lCiL SlHOOLS.I 

A— RejTu «r I'uiclice.. 61 

B — HMdiceopftihio . .. II 

C— E.le tic 6 

Dental Sc 0"l3 12 

Schooli ot I'harmacf ... 13 



To'a's 



867 



^1 



Tin 6,'^3S 

6,-42 6,4, 

4.Hjn 4,S.O 

3,Ul2J 3,U1'2 



P,279 

1,-215 

448 

101 

1,187 1187 

■,■> 315 ■. 1 389 



8,!P8 



"to ^ 



$7 6=7,421 

3,068, "I U 

!,,424.11(J 

61, CO 

I,fi'6,':6' 
34i,u 
161 lOt 
68,1(10 
166,rti« 



•^W. 



HI 



6,05i\446 311,.';03 

l,J86 8in'137 3 S 

7,i;'3 868 468 5' J 

16.-, 24 



414,347 

«U,l.,00 



.6,766 
13,1 f 6 



ep,6oo 



18,i49.3 1 14,B 4 206 fi54. 4 



2, 02,; 84 1 ,274 






i. 4 6 

6'6, 02 
86,66 J 

4«,'-«-. 
89 80(1 

3,'0' 
61 S 

5 116 

1,0 0f.r4 



In most o-fe Theol,-,.. cal S.h.l8,tiie tui ion is provi ed f r bv en.lowmcnt. and i= free. Tl>" S h-larsUp^of the 
S^e ar^Shooll cover lie". uition; the^e «• »!«. free scholarship, in some of iho Ueui.»l S hoo.s->,sua,ly th» rea.lt oi 

""ol!r'lde8tho-einl7'chor.l,n<.tTep'-rt»d «^d 27 Incl-vl, d under ilie facu ties . f ■ he Unlvsrsitle. with which thc« «tooi» 
tie comwcM.i. The real a mber ui iu t,uct rb U aboui '••.•i. 



UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. 



4T 









I o o g o g 

O^c* •-' w O 



•as-' 






t^' 



;s J? 



a«aX »ewi 8ii:> aoj sjd]90»H 



roO '-' C-*t^ 'VO < 



. ^ (i. i-- [i r^ M c^ o^ ri c>oo_ LT. q^ cH>o_ 5^ o, C 



8Anonpoj<i raoajeinooni 



•epun^ 
9Ap)onpoJ(i JO ^unouiy 






o o >C Q S- o 



. O O CTv»>'"-'0 ■to "-^00 O; Q. °^^ ^ ^* t i • 



. rtco r^** r^ctco cococ^ 



18!?8 8 8'i?,f 



'C' °- ^ "^^ ^' ^ ^ ^ . 



»HQO M t<) 



-PTPia *BpauoiO JO oai^A 



•eaprejqn /^aioog n| *oh 



r ir, c oo »/^ tC c? <i o" o cf o CO ^ •- S^ • S 2 ^>^ r? ^ £* 

- p^ HH Oyo On o -t r^ eOoO li^'O cr* m ^ "-• * O ^ vr«o [> [> f> 



§§2l3l-?§JI5IS8^i : :^§8?c§^ 






lOOOOOOCOOu'^QNQCvOCOO^OOO ■ •O'^OltOiC 



CO I ^ 









•sopnsjqrieSauooni-oiil '^-^ ^'^4,^i,§.%%tiii§,§&i,t°S'" j Sffig^ ?"^=^S'^2-S£°'?^" ' 



jsa 



•e^napms Si^npcjo jo "Oii 



o S" 8iaaptnsiBnondojorBio9dg 

Up 1 



la a 2 

<u o 3 



a eg" 




•aiBjM 



■2 « :i 

2«° 



cnii i-i O\o CO o 



iiOVO PT -^l-P 



DCO cnots. 



so • • •-< OS 



o C9 o T^'*co•* 



O^ OVD u^O* 



OOO i-i ""CO < 









r^ CO M TTco c>* c<",QO r»"0 



C<M3 • * »-• 



. W U-AO CO« « CO"-" « J 



:r.| £?. 



'eauapmg jo -o^ atociAi. 



I -HO^y-) CO . > 



-■00 0\ ■^p 



. cf AO I-I t,. rv p 



8'OQO -^ . ' 



•uoi^onj^sui JO sdjoo 



' ry oo \n-i-- 



r Ot^^O tN.-0 » 



•po^issBpnn. 8in9pu;s JO jaqurai^ 



:-l? 



-uotog joj Su^iTjdajj j 



•seanoo l^o I 



tN.cOC<t<-H 11 • 



ss-; 



•8r«re 



•i«»ox 



•Bjojonjisxri jo .anran^ 






t^ IT. vri • ^ trto p^ cil\o 



'Wltenoj^ pnu eDuis-ioAiufi jo •osi j 



^v3 C^- t^t^M t^— "-I WMO 'KO -^r 



I 



< M 



pi : 




J Th ffl o 5 a> ojrJ - ^ =s " o " '^ «_,= .= ,„ © © d o o o j ■- ©s o ® ®^''-r'i>.t»s;=;>- 



48 



SBIIQIOUS STATISTICS, 1878-9. 



c-i ar 



ore cc 2.2. £. 

I <5 3 3 o- 

» ^.- .^ ^- (P ra 
® "* * T ,„ o 



5t3^o;iS'» 


•Of ® t» ^ aO. 






aS:§?=3 3 


tcare, 
nation 
;arly a 
tlie.le 
oftho 
herece 
mated 


■136? "ig 


to c* . 2 " - 3 






pr ™ B » jja 








s>-^ ^ 5 » " 


Sp^p=o 




ritios. 
, adhe 
einplo 
groupe 
stone 






g«?S£3- 


^» B m , d- 




BC.;£-.t=o 


H O p+ - p 5q 


<^o 3 X2.3 




•<p.»n.t=^ 


^r=ns 




g, C C = = 1 




»£Bf ^5 


^|-oO-^ = 


gS°roE" 










t-ia, 
era- 
2 ^ 



2 © 2.5.3 P-D D 
^ a a. o 7- 2. -• j;- 

^ B. P- ^ 0-. 1 CL 
^ " -f (0 fS 5"p_ 
SI 1 gl-B P ? 



,?r3- 



2 <* S 

51 



»3 o 
oo 



tso cno 



o o o o 
o ooo 



CO 3 S '^ 



CO. 

c c : 

1 '-f , 



2c»S3.?3P°3 
p-2 5 2 



r-'-^ 






fe P^ B of 5D 



p o ='2. 

(-• fc-J II. '^ I 
5 ~ 7 '^ CO — 

S"3s-o CL§P 

; 5 c' ^ c ►? 
• S"^^ - £, 






en CO ^ .-- O 



Archhisbops 
Bis.Supts.Ac 






CO to 1^ — _C5_— _CO ~_t,T 

en i«^ c ■ « CO HJ ".o -J O! CO -._ CO J>. to"-! -jj c;< 

^ .U Kl *. O l-" O 0-. 00 -> ,1° Cl -O Ol to S *; 



Clergymen. 



»-* -~1 to ^0 en - 05 .ft' .». CO l-» 05 



^ .b. to .U CO ^ CI 
tn (-i CO GO 00 rfk ^ 



Dice's, Syu'd 
Coiif. Classes 
Associaiions 
Presbyt's. Ac 



^ >^ CO M _tJ to J-'Ct *.- OS ^ ►.I 'o .*■,•-' ^oc 

oi -J j^ 03 "o o'— . Vta M m cooolo to'o cc-v « en O Cn-j^ I— 

ta.'Jl-.COOnOi— tOOCO«0»^.-^tOOOCOL*vf-.-CO. 



sgco OJClOCOi^O 



Churches, 
Congrefrnt'ns 
and P.irishns 



en 00 to CO "os "^ Of J^"'o"'~.c»(<)'b»~'— '— 7~--icoo c;f'o'co'io"co"o 
h-'io enosCi — c?To~ocoo~wfcoi,>ocoK) — — CO GO enococow 

00>.' OOOODO ltO^-^lgOOOCX"gCOI-'OCO — K --1 S ►-' -3 *. 



J-" JUT jto^tojo h.i_oo — -qj?^_en 
to"cj»~"-e -:?"'--i CO o "bf "o 'co "io "co "o 



Church Edi- 
fices. 



J — J — ^ t\j t^ t-^ i-^ 1^ t^ 

J-* " I-* l:^ ..to — o o to CO en to e.-^*^ to oi loTo i-Vi en'^ *. ^^ 
enoeocsto^^oo^ocoooco- ccitc^ooDowe'i.-^cooDH-,'^ 
S^S^^^ en -'I en to en oo h- to od t0.co_h^jc ^ r;i oc .-4 c: en o coj3c 
o to — o >-'*en o'rc'o'h-. to'^j'o CO *."Qo">-»"en Vw'c:"co''to''rf^"^'*.;i. 
oenoo.TDMioo^o^otoenoo''jtocoocoocotoooio 
oooooooo.^ ocnoenooooco.^oooooo-'»*kO 



Number of 
Sittings. 




encotocn *>o*.toco 
_oj3j:s -4 .^ o ^ •- " ■ 

o o o en 



>-»tO to *.!-» 



enencneni~*C00D*JO. 



0000*.00*4000 



; O O o O 



*. e; to w . 

en w CO en ► 



.& o CO CO 1^ 



_J0 >-'^j^ .." ' 
CO ►-' cn"en CO oc'-j"*. coIlt o~, 
ento.— ento.*».ooencoo,£.. 
J-" .^i^ J^J-^j-^j--* ^ OD Ci ^ 
to CO o CO en ^ c:iVj j;- o 'cs 
— H-Orf^toooenwento 
c o '- *4 en o - ^ CO cojoj^ 



jJ^JO 00 

"to'to o 

CO o o 

CO 05 O 



00 to l-* -5 ^ 



CD CO CO — c 



rJO.-'0Docceno„, 
en _;i rfijfe._jk en o Oen . 

S 2 T *^ Si! ■=> co'ots"'. 
ootocnooiooent 
o o 00 o o o en o o c 



!,fc.00*-I•-'C3Ot0^00i^ 



)00J— 

'"co'co 

! to .(- 

> en -4 



t jxjj:n_eo o .-4 co ,^ccyt co cojT) to 
_. CO o CO *. o CO 'lO CO en CO en tb. oo V 
,t-oooooiCJoenoo*.tocsen 
-oooooooooooenoso 



Communic- 
ants, (ir Mem- 
b'rs of Chur- 
ches, Cong's, 
or Pari'b"<i. 



Adherent 
Population. 



Value of 

Church 

Property. 



00 OO-J >-' CO c 

*■ '-4 nr 00 to "■-' "( 
to 00 O O to H^ c 
O Ot C5 OC 4k -I C 



^J 






CO 00 






CO o 
CO CO 
1- o 






O -1 

ooo 
on CO 






4>. CO 






Ki CO 







ooon^'Xcn-itOf-' 
coen0icoc0i*..tocococoooo 



to to .ft. .u to .Jk 

C^ O ^ CD CD CO 



tn-.40>«*j<o*.3coco03Cienc;ico050 



M w (-* en ^ ^ to I-* CO ' OS <-* rfk 00 00 -4 CO 1*^ 



vtnooDotttetsteoviuaoiOiucowtswbitaao 



coi=' 



O00C0t0H-O*.-4 

ocooi^coenosQD 



_10 K) 

"coos 
00 to 

.— CO 



o to -J CO 

'*. oo"co"co 
i{k en 4k as 
~) .b. ^ I-. 



Contribut'n.s 
for Benevo- 
lent and 
Church Pur- 
poses. 



Additions to 
ChurchMem 
liership with 
in the Year. 



Sunday 
Schools. 



en 1-' 4» -J CO 
*. cs h- to o 

jr'ju:_po^.-tj=) 

"co rfk .b. 00 o 

O CO o to o 
o CO en --1 o 



i-'en^-toi-.'tossco 
oscoc^entocnco^ 



Sunday- 
School 
Teachers & 
Scholars. 



Denoiviina'al 
Acad's,S'h'ls 
& Seminar's. 



coencoto<3>ts-icoto~{ 



Univ's.Coll'g's 
ATheolg.Stm'a 
of Dt'Tiom's. 



woSSwSojwatS |Periodl-j' 
Deno 



Newsp'cr? -J 

Periodi'j' . ou 

Denotes. I 



CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



49 



CENSUS OF 1870 AND OF 1880. 

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. — GENERAL NATIVITY A]3D F0EEIG3 

PAEENTAGE. 

[From the Report of the Superintendent of the Censas.] 



STATES AND 
rERRITOEIES. 



1870. 



CotalTT. States 

Total States 

Alabama 

Arkansas - 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Pefaware .- . - 

Florida 

Georgia 

niiuois ■ 

Indiana 

towa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts .... 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska , 

Nevada 

New Hampshiro. . . 

New Jersej- 

New Tork 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennslyvania 

Ilhode Island 

'South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

■West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Votal Territories. . 

Ariaona 

Dakota. 

Dist. <A Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana... 

New-Mexico 

Utah 

"Washington 

Wyoming 



38,558,371 



32,991,142 



38,11.%6« 



y<)(i,il!)2 

484,471 

5G0,'.J47 

39,864 

£37,4:4 

12r),015 

187,748 

1,184,109 

2,539,891 

1,080,037 

1,194,020 

364,399 

1,321,011 

726,915 

026,915 

780.894 

l,4.")7.35l 

1,184 O.J9 

439,706 

827.922 

1,721,295 

122,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906,090 

4,382,759 

1.071,361 

2,665.260 

90,923 

3,521, 9.a 

217,353 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

330,551 

1,225,163 

442 014 

1,054,670 



32,t542,01-.i 



442,730 



9,658 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,.595 
91874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 



987,0.30 

479,445 

350,416 

.''.3.205 

423,U15 

115,879 

182,781 

1,172,982 

2,024,693 

1,539,163 

1989,328 

316,007 

1,257,613 

665,088 

578,034 

697,482 

1,104,032 

916,049 

279,009 

816,731 

1,499,028 

92,24 .-> 

23.690 

^88,689 

717,153 

3,244,406 

1,068,332 

2 292 767 

"' '79!323 

2,1176,642 

161,957 

C97..532 

1,239,204 

756.168 

283,396 

1,211,409 

424,923 

690,171 



348,530 



3,849 

9,366 
J15,446 

7,114 
12,616 
86,2.54 
5(i,084 
18,931 

5,605 



5,567,229 



5,473,029 



9,962 

5,026 

209.831 

6.599 

113,0S9 

9,136 

4,967 

11,127 

.515,198 

141,474 

204,692 

48,392 

63,398 

61,827 

48,881 

83,412 

353 319 

268,010 

160,097 

11,191 

222.267 

30,748 

18,801 

29,611 

188,943 

1,138,3.53 

3,029 

372,493 

11,600 

545,309 

55,396 

8,074 

19.316 

62.411 

47,1.55 

13,7.54 

17,091 

364,499 



94,200 



5,809 

4,815 
16,254 
7,885 
7,979 
5,620 
30,702 
5,024 
3,513 



1880. 



50.155,783 



49.371,340 



1,262,505 

802,525 

864,694 

194,327 

62-2,700 

146,608 

2fi9 493 

1,542.560 

3,077, «71 

1,978 201 

1,624,615 

996.096 

1,648 690 

939,940 

648,936 

934.943 

1,783.085 

1,636,937 

780.773 

1,131,597 

2,168,380 

452,402 

62.266 

346,991 

1,131,116 

5,082.871 

1,899,750 

3,198,082 

174 768 

4.282,891 

27 6.. 531 

995 527 

1,54-2 359 

1,591,749 

332.286 

1,512,56.-1 

' 618.457 

1,315,497 



42.871,566 



784,443 



40,440 

135,177 

177,624 

32,610 

39,159 

119,565 

143,903 

75,116 

20,788 



1,25-2,771 

792,175 

671,820 

154 .537 

492,708 

137,140 

259,584 

1,631,616 

2,494,295 

1,K34,123 

1.36-2.765 

886,010 

1.589,173 

885,300 

590,053 

852,137 

1,339,594 

1,248,4-29 

513,097 

1,122.388 

1,956,802 

354,988 

36,613 

300,697 

909,416 

871,492 

1,396,008 

2,803,119 

144,26 

3,695,062 

202.538 

987.891 

1,525,657 

1,477.183 

291.327 

1,497,869 

600,192 

910,072 



604,284 



24.391 
83,382 

160,502 
22,636 
27,638 

111,514 
99,969 
69,313 
14,939 



6,499,780 



9,734 

10,350 

292,874 

39.790 

129.992 

9.468 

9,909 

1«,564 

583,592 

144,178 

261,650 

110,086 

59,517 

54,146 

58,883 

82 806 

<43,49l 

388,508 

267,676 

9,209 

211,578 

97,414 

25,053 

46,294 

221.700 

1.211,379 

3,742 

394,943 

30,503 

587,8-29 

73,993 

7.686 

16,702 

114,616 

40,9' 9 

14 696 

18 26-. 

405 4-25 



180,159 



16,049 
61,795 
17.15* 

9,974 
11,521 

8,051 
43,994 
15,803 

6.850 



50 



CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



POPULATION OF THE CITIES AND TOWNS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

[This table has been carefully compiled from the census (official copy) of 1370 and 1880.] 



Cities and Towns. 



Popul't'n 
1870 



r 



C9,492 

13.570 
53,180 
21,789 
11,1()2 

6,169 
17,225 
10,006 
15,389 

4,-128 



Popnlat'n 
1880 



13,8S4 

5,744 

7,363 

7,054 

4,251 

7,808 

11,162 

267,3.54 

18,289 

T,371 

250,526 

28.323 

18,969 

7,064 

396,099 

117,714 

14,930, 

14,387 

6,i9S 

5 2^" 

5,511 

10,282 

12,692 

14,590 

1,000 

5,944 

39,634 

20,045 

5,940 



Albany, N.Y..,. 

Ale.K ndria, Va . 

/llejjheiiy City, Pa 

A.liinta, Ga 

Aurora, 111 

Auburn, Me 

Auburn, N.Y 

A!£ron,0 

Augusta, Ga 

Austin, Te.\.a3 

Attleboro, Mass 

Allentown, Pa 

Anuapolis, Md 

Ann Arbor, Mich 

A tchison, Kan 

Athens, Ga 

Augusta, Me 

Aurora, 111 

Baltimore, Md 

Bangor, Me 

Bath, Me 

Boston, Mass 

Charlestown, " 

Bridge-port, Conn 

Bay Citv, Mich 

Brooklyn, N. Y 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Burlington, Iowa 

Burlington, Yt 

Baton Kouge, La 

Belfast, Me 

Beaufort, S. C. , 

Biddeford, Me 

Binghamton, N.Y 

Bloomington. Ill 

Boiso City, Idaho 

Calais, Me 

Cambridge. Mass 

Camden, N. J 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 

Chicopee, Mass , 

Charleston, S. 

Charlotte, N. C 

Chattanooga, Tenn 

Chilicothe 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinn'iti, O '. 

Cleveland, 

Olumbia, S. C 

Columbu", Oa 

, ('oluinbu3, O 

' Concord, K. II 

Covington, Ky 

Carson City. Nev 

Charleston, Vv. Va 

Chelse:!, Mass 

Chester, I'a 

Chevenne, AVy 

Cohoes, N. Y 

Concord, N. II 

Columnus, Miss 

Castleton, N.Y . 

Council Bluffj, lowa . - . 

Cortlan.;, N.Y 

Cuml)erland, Md 

Canton, 

Davenport, Iowa 

Dayton, 

lies Moines, Iowa .- .. ^, ■ .., 

Detroit, Mich 79, 577 

Dubuque, Iowa lS4o* 

Dallas, Texas I _ 5,000 



48,956 

4,473 

6,093 

8,920 

298,977 

216,239 

92,829 

9,298 

7,401 

31,374 

12,2« 

24,5 5 

3,1100 

3,162 

18,.'-)4 

9,4S.T 

1,4,".0 

15,3.57 

12,241 

4,S12 

' 10,020 



8.(100 

b,G(50 

2'i,03S 

30,473 

]2,o:!5 



90,758 

13 688 

78,682 

87,499 

11,825 

9,556 

21,891 

10 512 

21.891 

10.960 

11.111 

18 063 

7,000 

8,000 

15,106 

7,500 

8,666 

11,825 

332,313 

16,857 

7,875 

362,838 

27.643 

20.693 

566,063 

155,139 

19,450 

11,304 

6.500 

5,308 

2,540 

12,652 

17,315 

17,181 

3,000 

6,172 

62.669 

41.659 

10,104 

11,325 

49,984 

7,053 

12,892 

10,938 

603,185 

255 139 

160,140 

10,040 

10 000 

61.647 

13 83H 
29,720 

5.000 

4.205 

21.782 

14 996 
4 000 

19.417 
13,838 

4.500 
12 079 
18,059 
12 664 

8,205 
12,258 
21 831 
38,078 
22,408 
116,349 
22.254 
10,358 



Cities and Towns. 



Popul't'n Popult'^i 
1870 188J 



Denver, Col 

Derby, Conn 

Dover, Del 

Dover,N. H 

Klizabeth, N.J 

Ellsnorth, Me 

Eastport, Me 

Elmira, N. Y 

Erie, Pa 

Easton, Pa 

Evansville, Ind 

East Saginaw, Mich 

Ehu Claire, Wis 

Kail River, Mass 

Fort Wayne, Ind. 

Kitchburg, Mass 

Frankfort, Ky 

Favetteville, N. C 

Fishkill, N. Y 

Fonii-du-Lac, Wis 

Frederick, Md 

Galveston. Tex 

Grand Rapids, Mich 

Galesburg, 111 . 

Georgetown, D. C 

Georgetown, P. C 

Gloucester, Mass 

Greenvill", S. C 

Hannibal, Mo 

Haverhill, Mass 

Harrisburg, Pa 

Hyde Park. Ill 

Hartford, Conn 

Hoboken,N. J 

Hamilton, O 

Holyoke, Mass 

Houston. Texas 

Huntsville, Ala 

Helena, Ark 

Helena, Mon 

Indianapolis, Ind 

Idaho City, Idaho 

Jackson, Miss 

Johnstown, N. Y 

Jacksonville, Fla 

.Jersey Cit..v, N.J 

Jackson, Mich 

Jacksonville, 111 

Jelferson City, Mo 

Kansas City, Mo 

Kiiig.iton, N. Y' 

Knoxville, Tenn 

Keene, N. H 

Kenkuk, Iowa 

Key West, Fla 

Lancaster, Pa 

Lockport, N. Y 

Lawrence, Mass 

Leavenworth, Kan 

Lexington, Ky. 

Little Rock, Ark , 

Louisville, Ky 

Lake Township, 111 

Lowell, Mass 

Lynn. Mass , 

Long Island City, N. Y. 

Lyiichl)urg, Va 

; Lafayette, Ind 

La Crosse, Wis 

Lansins, Slich 

1 Lawrence, Kan 

I Lenox, N. Y 



1 .906 
9,294 

20,832 



1.5.863 
19,646 



21.830 
11,350 

26,766 
17,718 



5,896 
4,660 

12,764 

8,5-'6 

13,818 

16,507 

10,1.58 

11,384 

3,.5'20i 

15.387: 

8,135 

10,V25 



28,104 



87,180 

20,297 

11,081 

10,738 

9,382 

4,907 

2,249 

8,107 

4B,244 

1,000 

4,234 



6,912 
82,540 
11,447 
9,203 
4,420 
32,260 

8,682 
6,000 

12,760 
5,000 

20,233 

' '28,921 

17,873 

14,801 

12,SSo 

100,75;J 



40,92!: 
2?,233 



6,.S25 
13.501' 
7,7>5 
5,241 
&,3-.;0 



CENSUS OF THE TJIUTED STATES. 51 

VOPULATION OP THE CITIES AND TOWNS OF THE UNITED STATES— Co««»«««(^, 



Cities and Towns. 



Popul't.'n 
1b70 



Lead ville, Coi 

Lewistou, Me 

Lincoln, Neb 

Lns Anjieles', Cal 

Macon, Ga . 

Maiden, Mass 

Mancliester, N. H 

Memphis, Tenn 

Middlel own, Conn 

Milwaukee, "Wis 

Minneapolis, Minn 

Marlboro, Mass 

Mobile, All 

Montgomery, Ala 

Madison, Ind 

Madison, \\ is 

Marysville, Cal 

MaysTille, Ky 

Meriden, Conn 

Meridian, Miss 

Montpelier, Vt 

Muscatine, Iowa 

Newburg:, N. Y 

Nashville, Tenn 

Natchez, Miss 

Newton, Mass 

New Albany, Ind 

North Adams, INIass 

New Bedford, Mass 

Newark, N. J 

Newburyport, Mass 

New I'.runswick, N.J 

New Haven, Conn 

New Orleans, La 

Newport, Ky 

New York, N. Y 

Norfolk, Va 

Norwich, Conn 

Nashua, N. !l 

Nebraska City, Neb 

New Berne, N. C 

New Lots, N. Y" 

Newburgti, N. T 

New Loudon, Conn 

Newport, I?. I 

Norwalk, Conn 

Ogdensburpr, N. Y 

Omaha, Neb 

Orange, N, J , 

Oswego, N. Y 

Oakland, Cal 

Olvmpia, Wash , 

Os'hkosb, Wis 

Paterson, N. J 

Pawtucket, R. I 

Peoria, 111 , 

Petersburgb, Va 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Pittsburg, Pa , 

Portland, Me , 

Portland, Or 

Port'^mouth, Va 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y 

Providence, R. I 

Paducah, Ky 

Pirkersburg, W. Va 

Pensacnla, Fla 

Portsmouth. N. H 

Portsmouth, 

Quiucy, 111 



13,600 
2,441 

5,727 

lo.sio 



28,.'--36 
40,-?:5G 
6,9 53 
71,440 
33,0C6 



82,034 

1(»,.')S8 

10,709 

9,176 

4,-38 

4,705 

10.495 

2,700 

8,023 

6 718 

17,014 

25,s('5 

9,057 



15,:f96 



21.320 

105,059 

21,595 

15,058 

50,840 

191,418 

15,087 

942,292 

19,2'29 

16,658 

10,543 

0,050 

5,84D 



17,014 

9,.576 

12,52] 

t2,119 

10,076 

16,083 

9,348 

-^0.910 

10,500 

1,203 

12,663 

83,579 

6,600 

22,849 

18,950 

674,022 

86,076 

81,413 

8,298 

10,492 

20,080 

68,904 

6,866 

5,516 

8,34T 

9,211 

10,592 

24,053 



Populnt'n 
1880 



Cities and Towns. 



Popul't'n 



14.820 

19,083 

13,004 

11.211 

12.748 

12,017 

32,630 

33,592 

11,731 

115,,587 

46,887 

10,120 

29,132 

10,714 

l.i,000 

10,325 

4,100 

0,087 

18,340 

6,000 

3,225 

9,000 

18,050 

43,350 

8,000 

10.996 

10 422 

10,192 

20,845 

13G508 

13,537 

17,167 

62,882 

216.009 

20,433 

1,206,299 

2l,06i; 

21, HI 

13,397 

5,000 

6416 

13,681 

18,050 

10,529 

15,693 

13,9t!0 

10.340 

30,518 

13,200 

21,116 

34,555 

1,250 

15,249 

61,031 

19,030 

29,259 

21.656 

847,160 

156,389 

3J,810 

20,149 

11,388 

20,207 

104,857 

10,000 

7,000 

7,500 

9,690 

11,314 

27,268 



Raleigh, N. C 

Reading, Pa 

i Richmond, Va. ... 

j Rochester, N. Y 

Racine, Wis 

Richmond, Ind 

Rockford, HI 

Rockland, Me 

Rome, N.Y 

Rome, Ga 

Rutland, Vt 

Sacramento, Cal 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

St. Joseph, Mo 

St. Louis, Mo , . 

St, Paul, Mir.n 

Salem, Mass 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y . . . 

San Antonio, Tex 

San Francisco, Cal 

Savannah, Ga 

Scranton, Pa 

Selma, Ala 

Somerville, Mass 

SpringBeld, 111 

Snringfield, Mass 

Stockton, Cal 

Syracuse, N . Y 

St. Augustine, Fla 

St. Albans, Vt 

St. Charl s. Mo 

Salem, Oreg 

Schenectady, N. Y 

Sandufky, 

S.m Jose, Cal 

Santa Fe, New Mexico . . 

Saugerties, N.Y 

Shreveport, La 

Sprinsrfield, Mo 

Springfield, O 

Taunton, aiass 

Terre Haute, Jnd 

Toledo, O 

Trenton, N.J 

Troy, N. Y 

Talequah, Ind. TeiT 

Tallahassee, Fla 

Topeka, Kan 

Tucson, Arizona 

Utica, N.Y 

Virginia City, Nev 

Vicksburg, Miss 

Washington, D. 

Wheeling, W. Va 

Wrttervliet, N. Y. ....... 

Williamsport, I'a........ 

Wilmington, Del 

Wilmington, N. (' , 

Waliham, Mass 

Worcester, Mass 

Waco, Tex 

Watertown, N. Y 

Waterbury, Conn 

Wilkesbavre, Pa 

Weymouth, Mass 

Winona, Minn 

Woonsocker., R. I 

Yankton , Dak 

Yonkers, N.Y 

Zanesville, 



T,790 
33,930 
.51,0 8 
62,;}8(! 
10,1)00 

9,415 
11,049 

7,000 
11,000 

8,199 

9,834 
16.283 
12,854 
19,505 
810,864 
20,030 
24,117 

" V2,2.56 
149,473 

28,235 

85,092 

6,4^'4 

14,685 

17,304 

2(1,703 

lo,<iC.C. 

43,051 

1,717 

7,0110 

6,570 

1,139 

11,026 

13,00(1 

9,000 

4,765 



4,000 

5 555 

12,652 

18,629 

16,103 

81.584 

2^874 

40,105 

5 Ml 

2,0-.'3 

5,790 

8,224 

28.S04 

7,0(10 

12,443 

109,199 

19,230 

16,030 

30,811 
13,446 



Popul't'n 
1880 



■^i.ios 

0,5ii0 
, 9,336 
l0.826 
10,174 

7,192 

11.527 

1,000 



10,000 

43,273 

63,000 

89,365 

16.031 

12,743 

13,135 

7,529 

12,045 

0,000 

12,140 

21,420 

20.768 

32,431 

350,518 

41,473 

27, 5C;} 

10,822 

20,550 

233,959 

80,709 

45,850 

7 595 

24 933 

19,743 

33 340 

10.287 

51,792 

2,500 

7,201 

8,000 

5,000 

13,075 

15 83J 
12,507 

0,000 
10,373 
11,017 

8,010 
20,730 
21,213 
26,042 
60,137 
29 910 
56,747 
52.5 

2,500 
15,451 

7,000 
33,9U 
13,705 
11.811 
147,293 
30,737 
22,220 
18.934 
42.47S 
17 301 
11,711 
53 291 
10 000 
10,697 
20,269 
23 339 
10,571 
10,208 

16 053 
4.000 

18,892 
18,120 



52 



CmfSUS OP TUB UNITED STATES. 



BORDER OF THE STATES IN POINT OF POPULATION AT SEVERAL PERIODS. 



1870. 



1880. 



1 1 Virginia 

2 Miissiichusett8.. 

3 Pennsylvania... 

4 Nortli Carolina. 

5 New York 

6 Maryland 

7 South Caruliua. 

8 Connecticut — 

9 New Jersey 

10 New Hampshire 

iiiVerraoiit 

12 Georgia 

n KentucUy 

14 Khode Island. .. 

15 Delaware 

16 Tennessee 

I?! 

j8 

19 



New Yorli 

Fencsylvania.. . 

Virginia 

Ohio 

North Carolina. 

Kentucky 

Tennessei; 

iMassachuselts.. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Maryland 

Maine 

Indiana . .> 

New Jersey 

Alabunii 

C'ouneclicut .... 

Vermont 

New Hampshire 

Louisiana 

Illinois 

Missouri 

Mississippi 

Khode island... 

Delaware 

Flo'.da 

Michigan 

Arlcansas 



New York 
Pennsylvania... 

Ohio 

Virginia 

Tennessee 

Massachusetts.. 

Indiana 

Kentncky 

Georgia 

North Carolina. 

Illinois 

Alabama 

.Niissouri 

South Carolina. 
Mississippi.. — 

Maine 

Maryland 

Louisiana 

New Jersey 

Michigan 

Cojinecticut 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

W isconsin 

Texas 

'Arkansas 

Iowa 

Khode Island... 

California 

Delaw.irc 

Florida 

Minnesota 



New York 
Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

lllmois 

Virginia 

Indiana 

Massachusetts.. 

Missouri 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Georgia 

North Carolina. 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Wisconsin 

Michigan 

Maryland 

South Carolina. 

Iowa 

New Jersey 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Texas 

[Connecticut 

! Arkansas 

California 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Rhode Island. .. 

Minnesota 

Florida 

Kansas 

Delaware 

Oregon 



New York New York ^ 

Pennsylvaaia... PennByivania... 

Ohio Ohio 

Illinois lllmois 

Missouri Missouri 

Indi ana Indiana 

Massachusetts.. Massachusetts.. 

Kentucky Kentucky 

Tennessee Michigan 

Virginia Iowa 

Iowa Texas 

Georgia Tennessee 

Michigan Georgia 

North Carolina. Virginia 

Wisconsin Noith Carolina. 

Alabama Wisconsin 

New Jersey Alabama 

M ississippi M ississippi 

Texas New Jeisev 

Marj land South Carolita. 

Louisian Kansas 

South Carolina, ijouisiana 

Maine Maryland 

California California 

Conncci icut Arkansas 

Arkansas Minnesota 

TVest Virginia.. Maine 

Kansas Connecticut 

Minnesota West Viigiuia.. 

Vermont Nebraska 

New Hampshire New Hampshire 

Eliode Island. . Verrront 

Florida Khode Island... . 

Delaware Floiida 

Nebraska Colorado 

Oregon Oregon 

'Nevada Delaware 

I Nevada 



,, ORDER OF TERRITORIES, 13S0. 

*' SiBtrict of Columbia, Utah, Dakota, New Mexico, Washington, Arizona, Montana, Idaho., Wyoming. 
The cens«3 of Alaska has not bean taken. 



CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



53 



POPULATION OF STATES BY RACES IN 1880. 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

'California 

Colorado 

(Connecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware , 

District of Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho , 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa , 



Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland ....... 

"Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

*New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina . . 
Ohio 



Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island . . 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah. 



Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington Territory 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

* Tribal Indians, of whom there are about 2T5,00'\ a 



WhiU-s. 



6G->.8'28 
36.178 
591,611 
76T,2CG 
191,452 
610,884 
133,177 
120,198 
118,236 
141,832 
814,251 
29,U11 

3,032,174 

1,939,094 

1,614,666 
952,056 

1,877,1 &7 
455,007 
646,993 
724,718 

1,764,004 

1,6U,07S 
770,940 
479,371 

2,0-3,568 

85,446 

449,806 

58,574 

846,264 

1,091,947 
169.127 

5,017,116 
867,478 

3,118,344 
163,087 

4,197,106 
269,931 
891,234 

1.139,120 

1,197 499 
142,.38(i 
381,248 
8>>0,981 
67,349 
592,606 

1,309,622 
19,436 



Colored. Indians.* Asiatics 

600^103 

155 

210,666 

6,018 

2,435 

11,547 

401 

26,442 

59,596 

126.690 

725,133 

53 

46,358 

39,22K 

9.516 

43,107 

271.451 

453,055 

1,451 

210,230 

18,697 

15,100 

1,564 

650,291 

145,350 

346 

2,385 

488 

6.-i5 

38,853 

1,015 

65.104 

631,277 

79,900 

487 

85,635 

6,488 

604.332 

403.151 

393,3.^4 

232 

1.057 

631.616 

325 

25,886 

2,702 

298 

rp nrit, included 



213 

3,493 

195 

16,277 

154 

255 

1.391 

5 

5 

180 

124 

165 

140 

246 

466 

815 

SO 

848 

625 

15 

369 

7,249 

2,300 

1,857 

113 

1,66,3 

235 

2,803 

63 

74 

9,772 

819 

•1,230 

130 

1,694 

181 

77 

131 

352 

993 

807 

11 

85 

4,405 

29 

3,161 

140 

amons these. 



4 

1,632 

1.33 

76,218 

612 

129 

238 

1> 

17 

18 

17 

8,379 

212 

29 

33 

19 

10 

i89 

8 

5 

23T 

23 

25 

51 

91 

1.765 

j8 

6.419 

U 

172 

67 

926 

1 

112 

9,512 

156 

27 

9 

25 

136 

fiOl 

"5 

3,187 

6 

16 

9U 



COMPAKATIVE INCREASE OF POPULATION. 



Census. 


Popvlation. 


Tnerettte, 
Per Cent. 


1790 


3,929,827 

5,305,937 

7.239.814 

9.638,191 

12.866,020 

17,069,453 

23.191,870 

- 31,445,080 

38,558.371 

50,165,183 




1800 


35m 
36.45 
33.13 
33.49 
32.67 
35.87 
35.5P 
22 59 


1810 


1820 . 


ia30 


1840 


1850 


I860 


1870 


1880 


80.07 



AREA OF THE UNITED STATES. ^.r«. 

Total area of the Public Lands of the States and Territories 1,792,844,I6» 

Total area of those States whore there are no Public Lands 476,546,560 

Area of Indian Territory 44, 154,240 

Area of District of Columbia ??.'i5? 

Grand total of area of the United States, in acres 2,311,583,360 

or, Three Million Six Hundred and Two Thousand Nine Hundred and Ninety square Miles. 

This does not include the area of the ji^reat Lakes just within and 
forming a portion of our Northern boundary; neither does it include 
the marine league on the coast. 



54 



TSS STATES OF THE VyjON. 



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H3 



THE INDIYISUAL STATES OF THE VNION. 



55 



THE INDIVrOUAIi STATES OF THE UNION. 

HISTORICAL AKD STATISTICAl, TABLE OF THE UNI'"'=;D STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. 

\^Note. — The whole area of the United States, including water surface of 
lakes and rivers, is nearly equal to four million square miles, embracing the 
Russian purchase.] 



miles 



Tbb Thirteen Origiual 
States. 

New nampshire 

Massachusetts 

Kliofle Island 

(/onuecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylv.jnia 



SET- 
TI/U 

1623 9.30.5 
lti;^U 8,315 
Kiaii 1,250 
1C33 4,99U 
l(li:i'49,170 
1()-34| 7,815 
16S1 45,215 



Sq. * Pop. 
miles 1860. 



346 991 

1,783,085 
276,531 
622.700 
5,082.871 
1,131,116 
4 282,891 



The Thirteen Origiual 
States. 



Delaware 

Maryland 

Virjiiuia — East and West , 

North Carolina , 

Son til Carolina 

(Tpor^ia 

Totals 



Set- 
tled 



1627 
1634 
.607 
1650 
1670 
1733 



2,0.i0 
12.210 
67 230 
62,250 
30,570 
59,475 



349.845 



* 1-' p. 

lasu. 



116.608 

934 94 3 

2.131.02-2 

1.399 7.50 

69.5 .577 

1,542.180 



20 fi7r. 305 



* The totai population of the United States in 1860 was, in round nnnibers, 31,500,000. In 
1865 it is estimated tliat the population was 35,500,000, including the inhabitants of the Ter. 
ritories, estimated at 360,000 persons on January 1. 1865. The Census of 1870 made the whole 
number 38,558,371 ; that of ISSO gives a total of 60,165.783 

THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION. 



STATES 
ADMITTED. 



Kentucky , 

Vermont 

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Louisiana 

Indiana 

MisfSissippi 

Illinois 

Alabama. 

Maine 

Missouri 

Arlian.sas 

Michigan 

Fh.rida 

Iowa i.. 

Texas 

WiscwDsin 

Calil'ornia 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kanuaa 

"iVest Virginia 

i«Nevada 

1^ Colorado 

rj I<ebraska 



Set- 
tled. 



1774 

17y4 

1756 

1788 

1699 

1730 

1;j40 

16B3 

17.13 

1 6.3 

1763 

168,5 

1670 

1.565 

1778 

1694 

1669 

1769 

16.54 

179-2 

1849 

160 

1848 



ACT 
ORGANIZING 
TERRITORY. 



Ordin'cof 1787 
March 3, 1805 
May 7, 1800. 
April 7, 1798. 
Feb'ry 3, 1809. 
March 3, 1817. 



June 4, 1812 
March 2, 1819. 
.Tan'rv 11, 1805 
March 30, 1822. 
June 12, 1838. 



669 1 April 20, 1836 



Mirch 3, 1849 
Aug. 14, 1848. 
May, 30, 18.54. 



1852 



iMaroh 2, 1861 
Feb'ry '28, 1F61. 
May ' 30, 18.54 



U.S.STAT- 
UTES. 



ACT 

ADMITTING 

STATE. 



F-b. 4, 

Feb. 18, 
June 1, 
April 30, 
April 8, 
Dec. 11, 
Dec. 10, 
Dec. 3, 
Dec. 14, 
March 3, 
aiarch 2, 
June 15, 
Jan. 26, 
March 3, 
March 3, 
Dec. 29, 
March 3, 
Sept. 9, 
Feb. 26, 
Feb. 14, 
Jan. 29, 
Dec. 31, 
Mar. 21, 



1791 
1791 
1796 
1802 
1812 
1816 
1817 
3818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1836 
1837 
1845 
1845 
1845 
1847 
3850 
1857 
1859 
1861 
1862 
1864 



209 
172 
277|M.irch 1, 1867 13 



U. S. STAT- 
UTES. 



VOL PAGE. 



189 
191 
491 
173 
701 
399 
472 
536 
608 
544 
645 
50 
144 
742 
742 
108 
178 
452 

\m 

383 
120 
633 
30 



AREA IN 
SQ. MILES, 



40,400 

« 9,565 
42,050 
41,060 

a 48,720 
36,350 
46,810 

a 66,650 
52,250 

a 33,040 
69,415 
63,850 

a 68,915 

58,680 

66.025 

265,780 

56.040 

al68 360 
83 365 
96.0S0 
82,080 
24,780 

6110,700 

al03 »25 
76,865 



POPULA- 
TION, 

1880. 



1,648 690 

332,286 

1.542,;'50 

3,198.062 

939. 'J46 

1.978,3(11 

1,131,597 

3.077,871 

l,2-i2,.505 

648 '.'3i; 

2.168.380 

802.. 52.5 

1,63(),937 

269.493 

1,624.615 

1,591.749 

1.315,497 

864,694 

780 773 

174 7i-8 

99<i,096 

618 4.57 

«2.i'6 

194 327 

4.52 "i>-i 



rEBBITOBISB. 



Wyoming . . 
Now iloxico. 

Utah 

Washington . 

Dakota 

Arizona 

Idaho 

Montana 

Indian 



li District of Columbia. 



Unorganized Territory 

i Northwestern America 
pnrcbasfd by treaty of 
May 23, 1867 

Delawnre, Karitan and Lower 



WHEN 

8ET- 

TLUD. 



ACT OROANIZINQ 
TEUItlTORT. 



1866 
1570 
1847 
1840 
1850 
1600 
1862 
1862 
1832 

1771 



July 25, 1868 . 
Sept. 9, 1,S.50.. 
Sept. 9, 1850.. 
March 2, 1853.. 
March 2. 1861 . 
Feb. 24, 1863.. 
March 3. 1863., 
May 26, 1864 . 



July 16, 1790.... 

March 3, 1791.... 
( Lat, 3fio 30'-37o, 
iLon. 100° 108'. 



1799 July 27, 1868 15 

New York Bays . 



U, 8. STAT- 
UTES. 



178 
446 
453 
171 
239 
664 
808 



1301 
2141 



240 



ABKA TS 8Q. 
aULES. 



97,890 
122,580 
*84,970 

69,180 
149,100 
.113,020 

84,800 
146,080 

64,690 

70 
5,740 



POPULA. 
TION. 

1880. 



20 

119, 

143 

75. 

135, 

40, 

32, 

39, 

70, 



789 
.565 
903 
116 
177 
440 
610 
159 
,U00 



677.390 about 50,000 
720 



56 THE INDIVIDUAL STATES OF THE UNION. 

NOTES TO THE FOREGOING TABLE. 

o. The areas of those States marked a are derived frorm geographical authoi> 
Ities, the public surveys not haviug Ixjen completely extended over them. 

b. The i^resent area of Nevada is 112,000 square miles, enlarged by adding 
one degree of longitude lying between the 37th and 42(1 degrees of north lati- 
tude, which was detached from the west part of Utah, and also north-western 
part of Arizona Territory, per act of Congress, approved May ;">, ISOG, (U. S. 
Laws, 1865 and 1866, p. 43), and assented to by the Legislature of the State of 
Nevada, January 18, 1867. 

c. The present area of Utah is 84,476 square miles, reduced from the former 
area of 88,056 square miles by incorporating one degree of longitude on the 
east side, between the 41st and 42d degrees of north latitude, with the Terri- 
tory of Wyoming, per act of Congress, approved July 25, 1868. 

d. The present area of Arizona is 113,916 square miles, reduced from the 
former area of 127,141 square miles, by an act of Congress, approved May 5, 
1866, detaching from the north-western part of Arizona a tract of land equal to 
12,225 square miles, and adding it to the State of Nevada. (U. S. Laws 1865 
und 1866, p. 43.) 

e. Nevada. — Enabling act approved March 24, 1864. (Statutes, vol. 13, p. 
30.) Duly admitted into the Union. President's proclamation No. 22, dated 
October 31, 1864. (Statutes, vol. 13, p. 749.) 

/. Colorado.— Enabling act approved March 21, 1863. (Statutes, vol. 13. p. 
32.) Not yet admitted. 

g. Nebraska. — Enabling act approved April 19, 1864. (Statutes, vol. 13. p. 
47.) Duly admitted into the Union. See President's proclamation No. 9, dated 
March 1, 1867. (U. S. Laws 1866 and 1867, p. 4.) 

h. That portion of the District of Columbia south of the Potomac Kivep 
Vras retroceded to Virginia, July 9, 1846. (Statutes, vol. 9. p. 35.) 

i. Boundaries. — Commencing at 54'^ 40' north latitude, ascending Portland 
Channel to the mountains, following their summits to 141^ west longitude; 
thence north on this line to the Arctic Ocean, forming the eastern boundary. 
Starting from the Arctic Ocean west, the line descends Behring Straits, be- 
tween the two islands of Krusenstern and Romanzoff, to the parallel of 65° 30', 
and proceeds due north without limitation into the same Arctic Ocean. Begin- 
ning again at the same initial point, on tbe parallel of 65^ 30', thence, in a 
course southwest, through Behring Straits, between the Island of St. Lawrence 
and Cape Choukotski, to the 170*^ west longitude, and thence southwesterly 
through Behring Sea, between the islands of Alton and Copper, to the meridi' 
Hix of 193° west longitude, leaving the prolonged group of the Aleutian Islands 
In the possessions now transferred to the United States, and making the west- 
ern boundary of our country the dividing line between Asia and America. 

j. The present area of Dakota is 150,932 square miles, reduced from the for* 
iner area of 243,597 square miles, by incorporating seven degrees of longitude 
nf the western part, between the 41st and 45th degrees of north latitude, with 
the Territory of Wyoming, per act of Congress, approved July 25, 1868. 

k. The present area of Waho is 86,294 square miles, reduced from the for- 
mer area of 90,932 square miles by incorpor?t!ng one degree of longitude on 
the east side, between the 42d .nnd 4!th degrees cf north latitude with the 
Territory of Wyoming, per act of Congress, approved July 25, 1868- 



IMMIGRATION. 



57 



IMMIGKATION, FROM 1783 to 1883. 

By an Act of Congress approved March 2, 1818, Collectors of 
Customs were required to keep a record, and make a quarterly return 
to the Treasury of all passengers arriving in their respective districts 
from Foreign Ports, and these reports, duly condensed in the Depart- 
ment, are the chief bases of our knowledge of the si;bsequent growth^ 
and progress of Immigration. Total number of foreign- born passen-| 
gers arriving at the ports of the United States in the several years 
from 1783 to 1883, inclusive, are as follows: Previous to 



1820 250,000 

18-20 8,385 

18-21 9,127 

1822 6,911 

18-23 (i.:t.^4 

18-24 7,912 

18-25 10.199 

18-26 10.837 

1827 18.875 

18-28 27.382 

18-29 22,520 

18:?0 23 322 

1831. 22,033 

1832 60.482 

1833 ."18,040 

1834 65,305 



1835 45.374 

1836 70,242 

1837 79^40 

1838 38,914 

1839 68,069 

1840 84,006 

1841 80 289 

1842 104.565 

1843 .52,496 

1844 78.015 

1845 114,371 

1846 1.54,416 

1847 234,968 

1848 2-26.527 

184i) 297,024 

1850 369,980 



18.51 379,466 

1852 371,603 

18.=.3 3i;8,645 

18.54 427 833 

18.55 2()0,l>77 

1856 200.036 

18,57 250.H82 

1858 122 872 

18.59 ) '21,075 

1860 153,413 

1861 91.862 

1862. 91 S2S 

1863 176,214 

1864 193.436 

1865 248.111 

1866 318,401 



1867 298,358 

1868 297.215 

1869 395,922 

1870 378,798 

1871 367.789 

1872 449.483 

1873 437,004 

1874 277,593 

1875 209,036 

1876 182,027 

1877 149,020 

1878 174.088 

1879 272,487 

ISSO 622,250 

1881 730.849 

1SS2 788,992 

1883 603,322 



Of the Immigrants who landed on our shores in the sixty-two years 
ending with Dec. 31, 18b2 (1820 to 1882), there came from different 
countries as follows : 



Great Brifain 

an 1 Inland. 5,193 796 

Frajne 821243 

West Indies... 78,180 
fawedcn and 

>orwTv 5^9.151 

S. Ame ica.... 9,326 

Africa 866 



Russia and 

Pol-and 120 3^3 

Switzerland... 102 541 

China 225.131 

Germany 8,549 320 

Holland 54 302 

Mexico 24.402 

Italy 12.636 



bpain 26,975 i Belgium 2o.695 



Denmark 



Portugal.. 

Turke.v 6 4 

Greece 379 

Aust'o- Hun- 
gary 125, .''48 

Japan 3„o 

Asia, not spe- 
cified 616 



64, '^06 British North 



America . . . 
Central Amer. 
Au-tralia, &c. 
Countries not 

specified . . 



82T.321 

1.487 
20,6U 



420,000 
Total 62 yrg. 11,^67,071 



Of those arriving here from January 1st, 1820, to Dec. 31, 18S0, 
those wholly or mainly speaking En'2:Hsh were from 



Oreat Britain and Ireland 6,025,796 Azores and African Islands . 

r.iitish North .vmerica 738. '.31 ; Africa 

F.ii£rli.sh West ln<lia Islands 1,638 1 

Au-stralia and adjacent Islands 20,014; Total of English speech. 



9,174 

657 



• 5,796,3 



Of races mainly Teutonic or Scandinavian there were from 



Germany 3,317,.326 Switzerland 96,541 

Austro-Hungary 117,548 ] Denmark 68,006 

Holland 64,392' .Sweden and Norw.ay .. . 443,151 

Belgium 24,695 i Iceland 605 



Of Sclavic races 60. 31 3 

Total 4,173,177 



Of French, Spanish, Portua;uosc and Italian races there were from 



Prance 311.243 Central America 1487 

i'pain ;;6. 795 I South Ain._'i-ican States. 9 S-^e 

I'oriugal 7 004 West ludie.' 78 180 

I'aly 92.056 I Cape Verde. M.uleira 

Mexico 24,402 and Canaries. 1307 



Miquelon. 
Corsica... 



13 



Total 668,016 



58 IMMIGRATION. 

Of Asiatic dad Polynesian races there were from 



China 225,431 

Japan 366 

The rest of Asia and Asiatic Islands. .. 693 
Polynesia 482 

Totr-l Asiatic, Etc 226,972 



African Nations 866 

Turkey , 664 

Greece 379 

Countries not specified 3'i7.4S2 

Total 379,39X 



Of the 4,947,978 immigrants landed at Castle Garden from 
Aui^ust 1, 1855, to July 1, 18S2, their avowed destinations were as 
follows . 



New York and 
undeciiled . . . l,G'^n,ST> 

Maine fri.Tiio 

New Hampshire 4,3 Ml 

Vermont 6,()0 ! 

Massachusetts.. lSi»,ISfi 
lihoiielsbmd... 4.'4')-t 
Connecticut 9j,i3'J 

Middle States.. 590,079 
New Jersey.. 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware ... 
Maryland ... 
Dis. Columbia 

Bouthera States . 66, 737 

Virginia 

W. Virginia.. 



N. Carolina.. 
S. Cardlina... 

Georgia 

Floriila 

Alabama .... 
Mi«si=sipi)i . . . 
Louisiana. ... 

Texas 

Arkansa--! 

Teiiufssee. ... 
Kentucky.... 

Western States. 1,363,374 

Ohio 

Michigan .... 
Indiana. ..... 

Illinois 

Wisconsin .... 

Tovi 

Mi sauri 



Min-esota... 


New Brunswick 


12,263 


Kansas 


Nova Scotia .. 


27-1 


Nebraska .... 


New Foundland 


127 


Dakota 


Manitoba 


1,83.-| 


Colorado 


f^outh America. 


7sa 


Wyoming ... 


Cuba 


49J 


Utah 


Lima 


24 


Montana 


Me.xico 


682 


Idaho 


Berauidas and 




Nevaria 


other W. In 


9f;7 


Arizona 


Central Am.... 


673 


New Mexico.. 


N. W. Coast... 


1,460 


Califoinia 


Australia 


27i 


Oregon and 


Sandwich Isl's. 


110 


Wash. Ter.. 


Japan 


54 




China 


77 


Other Coustries. 


Vancouver's I.. 


1 




Unknown 


23,036 


Brit. Columbia.. 2S4 
Canada 74.442 









The total arrivals of Immigrants into the United States ia t'aa year ending Dec. SI, IStl, 
was 7J0, 045, of whom 165,230 were f-om tha United Kingdom of Grat Britaau and I. eland; 
249,572 from Germany; 91,810 from other European countries; 9". IPS from Britiish America; 
20,711 from China and Japan; and 3 815 from Scandir avian countries; 37,3c:2 from Traz-ce, 
Switzerland and Italy, and £0,337 from all other countries. 



Passengers landed at Castle Garden from Maj' 5, 1827, to July 1, 1882, 



ARRIVED FROM 



Austria 

Atlantic Islands 

Australia •••. 

Asia, including Persia and Asiatic 

Russia V 

Africa 

British America 

Belgium " 

B .liemia 

Canada 

< hina 

Central America 

Denmark 

East Inilia 

England 

France ; 

Germany 

Gi-eece 

Hungary 

Holland 

Isle of Man 

Ireland 

Iceland 

ilaiy 



4€,?82 

3,500; 
l,0,9i 

400 

84S 

7,315 

14,633 1 

83,243| 

3,S93 

2,:)S7 

94f> 

62.448 

47T 

910.8'>4 

125,312 

2,68«,7'J2 

491? 

23.2.^(1 

61 ,:'t51 

2-1 i^ 

2-27,98f 

ITS 

112,011 



ARBIVEI? FROM 



Japan . . 

Luxemburg 

Malta .. 

Mauiitins 

Mexico 

New Zealand 

Norway, including Lapland 

New Brunswick 

Nova Scotia 

P rtugal 

K.ssia including Finland... 

Sindwich Islands 

Switzerland 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Spaii = ■--. 

South America 

Turkey 

Wales 

AVt'Sl Indies 

Unknown and N. S. 

Total 



10? 

3 
18, 

1, 
59, 

116 
203, 

270, 
11, 



83. 



307 

L054 

3i: 

'9 

1,0.- 6 

(•4 

!.133 

,314 

,T16 

,i21 

,?C6. 

296 

55 

6:^5 

3<l 

1;IT 

i-m 

411 
177 

145 

2ia 



6,9s4.342 



TEE NEW NATURALIZATION LAW 



5^ 



THE NEW NATURALIZATION LAW. 



AN ACT TO AMEXD THE XATIHIALIZATIOX LAWS AXD TO PUKISH CRIMES 
AGAINST THE SAME, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. 



Be it enacted hj the Senate and House of Bepresentatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled, That in all cases where any oath, 
affirmation, or affidavit shall be made or taken under or liy virtue of any 
act or law relating to the naturalization of aliens, or in any proceedings 
under such acts or laws, if any person or persons taking or making 
such oath, affirmation, or affidavit, shall knowingly swear or affirm false- 
ly, the same shall be deemed and taken to be perjury, and the person or 
persons guilty thereof shall upon conviction thereof be sentenced to im- 
prisonment for a teiTn not exceeding five years and not less than one 
year, and to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. 

Sec. 2. — And 'be it further enacted, That if any person applying to 
be admitted a citizen, or appearing as a witness for any such person, shall 
\novringly personate any other person than himself, or falsely appear in 
the name of a deceased person, or in an assumed or fictitious name, or ii 
any person shall falsely make, forge, or counterfeit any oath, affinuation, 
notice, affidavit, certificate, order, record, signature, or other instrument, 
paper, or proceeding required or authorized by any law or act relating to 
or providing for the naturalization of aliens ; or shall utter, sell, dispose 
of, or use as true or genuine, or for any unlawful purpose, any false, 
forged, ante-dated, or counterfeit oath, affirmation, notice, certificate, order, 
record, signature, instrument, paper, or proceeding as aforesaid ; or sell 
or dispose of to any person other than the person for whom it was origin- 
ally issued, any certificate of citizenship, or certificate showing any per-»> 
son to be admitted a citizen ; or if any person shall in any manner use 
. for the purpose of registering as a voter, or as evidence of a right to vote, 
or otherwise, unlawfully, any order, certificate-of citizenship, or certificate, 
judgment, or exemplification, showing such person to be admitted to be a 
citizen, whether heretofore or hereafter issued or made, knowing that 
such order or certificate, judgment or exemplification has been unlaw- 
fully issued or made ; or if any person shall unlawfully use, or 
attempt to use, any such order or certificate, issued to or in the 
name of any other person, or in a fictitious name, or the name of 
a deceased person ; or use, or attempt to use, or aid, or assist, or 
participate in the use of any certificate of citizenship, knowing the same 
to be forged, or counterfeit, or ante-date^, or knowing the same to have 



60 THE NEW NATTTRALIZATION LA W 

been procured by fraud, or otherwise unlawfully obtained ; or if any 
person, without any lawful excuse, shall knowingly have or be possessed 
of any false, forged, ante-dated, or counterfeit certificate of citizenship, 
purporting to have been issued under the provisions of any law of the 
United States relating to naturalization, knowing such certificate to be 
,/alse, forged, ante-dated, or counterfeit, with intent unlawfully to use the 
same ; or if any person shall obtain, accept, or receive any certificate ot 
citizenship known to such person to have been procured by fraud, or by 
the use of any false name, or by means of any false statement made with 
intent to procure, or to aid in procuring, the issue of such certificate, or 
known to such person to be fraudulently altered or ante-dated ; or if any 
person who has been or may be admitted to be a citizen shall, on oath or 
affirmation, or by affidavit, knowingly deny that he has been so admitted, 
with intent to evade or avoid any duty or liability imposed or required by 
law, every person so offending shall be deemed and adjudged guilty of 
felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to be imprisoned 
and kept at hard labor for a period not less than one year nor mor^ 
than five years, or be fined in a sum not less than three hundred dollars 
nor more than one thousand dollars, or both such punishments may be 
imposed, in the discretion of the court. And every person who shall 
knowingly and intentionally aid or abet any pereon in the commission of 
any such felony, or attempt to do any act hereby made felony, or counsel, 
advise, or procure, or attempt to procure the commission thereof, shall be 
liable to indictment and punishment in the same manner and to the same 
extent as the principal party guilty of such felony, and such person may 
be tried and convicted thereof without the previous conviction of such 
principal. 

Sec. 3. — Atid he it further enacted, That any person who shall know- 
ingly use any cei'tificate of naturalization heretofore granted by any 
court, or which shall hereafter be granted, which has been, or shall be, 
procured through fraud or by false evidence, or has been or shall be issued 
by the clerk, or any other officer of the court without any appearance 
: and hearing of the applicant in court and without lawful authority ; and 
any person who shall falsely represent himself to be a citizen of the 
United States, without having been duly admitted to citizenship, for any 
fraudulent purpose whatever, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and upon conviction thereof in due course of law, shall be sentenced to 
jiay a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars, or be imprisoned not- 
exceeding two years, either or both, in the discretion of the court taking 
cognizance of the same. 

Sec. 4. — And he U further enacted, That the provisions of this act 
shall apply to all proceedings had or taken, or attempted to be had or 
taken, before any court in which any proceeding for naturalization shall 
be commenced, had, or taken, or attempted to be commenced; and the 
courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of all offenses under 



TEE NEW NATXIBALIZATION LAW 61 

the provisions of this act, in or before whatsoever court or tribunal the 
Bame shall have been committed. 

Sec. 5. — And he it further enacted, That in any city having upward 
of twenty thousand inhabitants, it shall be the duty of the judge of the 
eircuit court of the United States for the circuit wherein said city shall , 
be, upon the application of two citizens, to appoint in writing for each > 
election district or voting precinct in said city, and to change or renew 
said appointment as occasion may require, from time to time, two citizens 
resident of the district or precinct, one from each political party, who, 
•when so designated, shall be, and are hereby, authorized to attend at all 
times and places fixed for the registration of voters, who, being registered, 
Would be entitled to vote for representative in Congress, and at all times 
and places for holding elections of representatives in Congress, and for 
counting the votes cast at said elections, and to challenge any name pro- 
posed to be registered, and any vote offered, and to be present and witness 
throughout the counting of all votes, and to remain where the ballot 
boxes are kept at all times after the polls are open until the votes are 
finally counted; and said persons or either of them shall have the right 
to affix their signature or his signature to said register for purposes oJ 
identification, and to attach thereto, or to the certificate of the number oi 
vot«s cast, any statement touching the truth or fairness thereof which 
they or he may asli to attach ; and any one who shall prevent any person 
60 designated from doing any of the acts authorized as aforesaid, or who 
shall hinder or molest any such person in doing any of the said acts, or 
gball aid or abet in preventing, hindering or molesting any such person in 
respect of any such acts, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on convic- 
tion shall be punished by imprisonment not less than one year. 

Sec. 6. — And he it furtlier enacted, That in any city having upward 
of twenty thousand inhabitants, it shall be lawful for the marshal of the 
United States for the district wherein said city shall be, to appoint as 
many special deputies as may be necessary to preserve order at any elec- 
tion at which representatives in Congress are to be chosen ; and said 
deputies are hereby authorized to preserve order at such elections, and to 
arrest for any offence or breach of the peace committed in their view. 

Sec. 7. — And he it further enacted. That the naturalization laws are 
hereby extended to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African 
descent. 

Approved, July 14, 1870. 




(52 



I'RESIDUNTJAL TOTES. 



Awr. XII. OP Amendments to the Constitution of the TTntted States— The Electors 
ehaH meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, onft 
of whom, at least, shall uot be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall 
name in their ballot the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as Vice-President, and they shall make distijict lists of all persons voted for as President, 
and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of tlie numbL-r of votes for each, which 
lists they sli.iU sipn and certify, and transmit sealed to the scat of government of the United 
States, directed t<i the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence 
of the Sciiaie and House of Kepresi-ntatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then 

, be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for Pn-sident, shall be the Piesi. 

I dent, if such niiinber be amajority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person 
have such majority, then from the purs<ins having the highest numbirs, not exceeding three, 
on the list of "those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose inimedi". 
ately, by ballot, the I'lesident. Uiit in clioosing the President, the votes shall be taken by 
States, the rei)resentation from each State having one; a quorum for this purpose shall consist 
of a m'lnber or members from two-thirdsof the states, and a majority of all the Stait-s shall be 
necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall uot choose a President when- 
ever the right of choice shall devolve upon theni, before the fourth day of March next following- 
then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the .aseof the death or other constitutional 
disability of the President. The i)erson having the greatest number of votes, as Vice-Presl. 
dent, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from thetwo highest numbers on the list, the 
•Si'nate sh;ill choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thir<ls of 
the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the wImIo number shall be necessary to a 
choice. But no person, constitution.ally ineligible to the office of President, shall bo eligible to 
that of Vice-Presidout of the United States. 

(This Amendment should be read iu connection with Section 1 of Article II. of the Con- 
stitution of the United States, to which it is an amendment). S<;e Constitution of the United 
States, page 123 

ELECTORAL VOTE OF EACH STxVTE PROM 1808 TO 1820. 





1S08. 


1812. 


181G.* 


lS20.t 




pkes't 


VICE-1'RES'T 


ru'sT 


V.-l'. 


PUES. 


V.-1>KES. 


PltES. 


V.-PUES. 


STATES. 


c 
o 
.2 

00 

s 


-J 

X 

3 
3 




a 
o 

o 
tx 

(- 

o 
o 
O 





3s 

a 


c 


ci 
»-5 



p 

5 

c 

1; 




5 
^. 

a: 


i 
Hi 


1 


.s 



& 


g 

a 


CO 

s 

a 


51 

Pi 


a 
S 
p. 

a 


'a 

OS 
P 




'A 




1 



e 

CO 
1-5 

3 

9 
4 
8 
3 
3 
12 
3 
9 


- 
< 


hi 


3 

s 

a 

a 

P 

3 
9 

'e 
3 
3 

12 
3 
9 

10 

3 

7 

8 
29 
15 

8 
25 

4 
11 

8 

8 
25 

218 


e 



•p 

5 

s 

8 


a 
1 
1 










9 
3 




"e 


3 








"h 


9 

4 


"e 


9 
4 


"e 


9 
3 


"'e 




9 
3 




Delaware 

Georgia 

Illinois 


"c 






























3 

12 

3 




3 
12 
3 








Kentucky 


■J 






7 










12 
3 




12 
3 


























Alary land 


9 


19 




9 


2 
19 








C 


5 
22 


G 
2 


5 
20 


8 


22 


8 


22 




11 

15 
3 

7 
8 

29 

15 
8 

25 
4 

11 
8 
8 

25 

231 


1 










Ni'W Hampshire 


13 
11 
3 

20 


7 
3 
4 


6 


y 
13 
11 

'20 

io 
5 

'24 


7 
3 
4 


3 
"g 






"is 

7 

25 

s 

8 
25 


8 
29 

"4 


1 

"is 

7 

25 

"ii 

8 

8 

25 


7 
8 
29 

"4 


8 
8 

29 

15 
8 

25 
4 

11 
8 
8 

25 


" 


8 
8 

29 

15 
8 

25 
4 

11 
8 
8 

25 




12 




New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 




I'ennsylvania 






10 
5 
C 

24 




Tennessee --- 












Total 


122 


47 


C 


113 


47 


9 


3 


3 


128 


89 


131 


86 


183 


34 


183 


22 


6 



* In ISIR Connecticut gave five votes to James Ross, of Pennsylv.ani.% for Vice-President, 
and fonr to John Marshall of Virginia (Chief-Justice Marshall) for the same office. Delaware 
gave three votes for Robert G. Harper, of Maryland, for Vice-President. 

1 In 1820, John Quincy Adams n-ceived one Electoral Vote for President (from New Hamp- 
slrire), and Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, one for Vice-President. Richard Stockton, of New 
Jersey, received 8 vot«8 from Massachusetts for the Vice-Presidency. Daniel Rodney, of Dela- 
ware, 4 from bis own State, and Robert G. Harper, of Maryland, one from his own State, for the 
same office. 

I There is no record of the Popular Vote by States previous to 1824 known to be existence. 
Many of the States chose the Electors by joint convention of the Legislatures previous t« 
that time, as a few did later. 



PRESIDENTIAL YOTBS. 



63 



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Electors in each State in 1832 






r-"c = ?^- = =■; 






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" o = S'C:-' v.-'t: 



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64 



PRESIDENTIAL TOTES. 



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1 

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FRESIBENTIAL yOTES. 



63 



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66 



n:ESID! NTIAL TOTES. 



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PEESIDENTIjr. ^OTEls, 



67 



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68 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to 
dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to as- 
sume among the poweks of the eaeth the separate and equal station to which the 
,Laws of Natuee and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent resi^ect to the opinions 
of MANKIND requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the 
separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created 
equal; that they are endowed by their Ckeatok with certain Unalienable Rights; 
that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: That to 
secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just 
powers from the consent of the governed : That whenever any form of government 
becomes destructive of these ends, it is the eight of the people to alter or abolish 
it, and to institute new goveenment, laying its foundation on such peinciples, and 
organizing its powers in such foem as to them shall seem most likely to effect their 
safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long 
established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly 
all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, Avhile evils 
are sufferable, than to right themaslves by abolishing the forms to which they are 
accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usuepations, pursuing invari- 
ably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, 
it is their eight, it is their duty, to throw off such goveenment, and to provide 
new guards for iheir future secueity. Such has been the patient suflFcrance of 
these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their 
former systems of Government. The history of the present king of Geeat Britain 
is a history of repeated Injuries and Usurpations, all having in direct object the 
establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts 
be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to Laws, the most 
' wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to 
pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their opera- 
tion till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neg- 
lected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accomodation 
of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Ecp- 
resentation in the Legislature ; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants 
only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, 
and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of 
fatiguing them into, compliance with his measures. He has dissolved Kepresenta- 
tive Houses rej^catedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the 
Bights of the People. He ha.s refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to 
cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of annihila- 
tion, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in 
the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions 
within. He has endeavored to prevent the poi>ulation of these States; for that 
purpose .obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pat 3 
others to encounigo \\ia\v migrations hitlior, and raising the conditions of new 
appropriations of lauds. Ho has obstructed the administration of Justice, by refus- 
ing his assent to L.v^vH for establishing Judiciary powers. He has made Judges 
dependent on his will al.ine for the tenure of their ofuces, and the amount and pay- 
ment of their salaries. He h;is erected a multitude of new offices, and scut hither 
fiwarms of officers to harass our poople, and eat out their substance. He has kept 
among us, in times ^f iieace, Standing .'\.rmxcs, without the consent of our Legislu.. 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



69 



tares He Has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the 
Svil power. He has combined with others tosubject us to a J-isdichon foreign 
Sour Constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws, giving his assent to Iheir act. 
Tf Pretended Legislaton:-For quartering largo bodies of Armed Troops among 
t rrprotectlng them by a Mock Trial, from punishment for any Munlers 
" hich they should commit on the inhabitants of these States:-For cutting off our 
Trade with all parts of the world:-For imposing Taxes on us without our consen : 
-For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Tra^ rv Jx;n.:--For trans 
porting ifs beyond seas to be tried for pretended Offences :-For abolishing the 
Tee svstemot English Laws in a neighboring Province, estabhshing thereni an 
Arbitm-y Cxovernment, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it a onc^an 
example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute ru e in o these Col- 
onies -For taking away our Chakxebs, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and 
altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments :-For suspending our own 
Lelllres, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in 
aliases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here bj^deelanng us out ot 
1 protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our S- ravaged 
our coasts, burnt our Towns, and destroyed the lives of our People. He - at t'^^ 
timetrans^ortinglargearmiesofforeignmercenariestocompletethewoiksofdea^^^ 

desolation! and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and Peifidy 
scarcely paralleled in the most babbakous agks, and totally unworthy the head of a 
civii^izEB NATION. He has constrained our fellow-citizens talo^n captive on the high 
seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends 
and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited Domestic In- 
surrection among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our fron- 
tiers the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistin- 
guished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every sage of these 
0PPEE6SI0NS, we have Petitioned for Eedkess in the most humble terms : Our 
repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose 
character is thus marked by every act which may define a TYRANT, is unfit to be 
the ruler of a FREE PEOPLE. Nor have we been wanting m attentions to our 
British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their 
legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded 
them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have ap- 
pealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by he 
Ses of our common kindred to disavow their usurpations, which would inevitably 
interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the 
voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce m the nece sity 
which denounces our sepabation, and hold them as we hold the rest ot mankind. . 
enemies in War-in Peace, Friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the 
United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme 
Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions,, do, in the name, and by 
authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare: That 
these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Fbee and Independent States; 
that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political 
connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally 
dissolved; and that as Fbee and Independent States they have full power to levy 
War conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts 
and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of 
this DECLARATION, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Pkovi- 
DENCE, va mutually pledge to each other our lives, our foetunes, and our sacred 

fiONOB. 



70 CONSTITUTION OF TEE UNITED STATES. 

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



We the people of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquihty, provide 
for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the 
bles mgs of hberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and 
estabhsh this Constitution of the United States of America : 

ARTICLE I-Congress. 

Section L —Legislative Powers. 1 

1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Con. 1 
gress of the United States, which shaU consist of a Senate and ' 
House of Representatives. 

Section II. -House of Eepresailaiives. 
1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members 
chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the . 
e ectors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for 
electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 
QualificaiioTis of Members.— Apportionment. 
2 No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained 
to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the 
United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of 
tliat State in which he shall be chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among 
the several States which may be included within this Union, accord- 
ing to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding 
to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to ser 
vice for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths 
of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within 
•three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United 
States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such man- 
ner as they shaU by law direct. The number of Representatives 
shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall 
-have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration shaU 
be made, the State of New Hampshire shaU be entitled to choose 
three Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 
.ne, Connecticut, five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania 
eigh . Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, 
boutli Caroluia five, and Georgia three. 

4 When vacancies happen in the representation from anv State 
the executive authority thereof shaU issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 



... 



OONSTITVTION OF TEE UNITED STATES. ^ 1 

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and 
other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Section IlL — Senate. 

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Sena- 
toi's from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the 
first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three 
classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expi- 
ration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of 
the sixth year ; so that one third may be chosen evei-y second year ; 
and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the 
recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may 
make temporary appointments, until the next meeting of the Legis- 
lature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the 
age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that 
State for which he shall be chosen. 

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of 
the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President 
pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall 
exercise the office of President of the United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments ; 
when sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath, or affirmation. 
"When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice 
shall preside, and no person shall be convicted without the concur- 
rence of two-thirds of the membei's present. 

7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend farther 
, than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy 
' any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the 

party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, 
trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. 

Section IV. — Election of Members. 

1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators 
and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legis- 
lature thereof, but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and 
such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they 
shall by law appoint a different day. 



f2 OONSIITTITION OF THE VNITED STATES. 

Section V. — Powers of each House. 

1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall con- 
stitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller juimber may adjoaru 
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each 
House may provide. 

2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish 
its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two- 
thirds, expel a member. i 

3. Each House sliall keeji a journal of its proceedings, and from 
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their 
judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of 
either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those 
present, be entered on the journal. 

4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without 
the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to 
any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 

Section YI. — Compensation, Privileges, W,c. 

1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation 
for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treas- 
ury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, 
felony and breach of peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to 
and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either 
House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which 
he was elected, be appointed to any q.\\\\ office under the authority 
of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emolu- 
ments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no 
person holding any office under the Unittd States, shall be a member 
of either House during his continuance in office. 

Section \Tl . — J5i7/.9 and Resolulions, Etc, 

1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose, or concur with amend- 
meuts, as on other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives 
and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the 
President of the United States ; if he ai:)prove he shall sign it, but if 
not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it 
shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their 
journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, 
two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 73 

together witli the objections, to the other House, by which it shall, 
hkewise, be reconsidered ; and if approved by two-thirds of that 
House, it shall become a law. But iu all such cases the votes of both 
Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the 
persons voting for and against the bill shall bo entered on the jour- 
nal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall 
have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner 
as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment pre- 
vent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Kepresentatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the President of the 
United States ; and before the same shall take effect shall be 
approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by 
two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to 
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Section VIII. — Powers of Congress. 

1. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, 
imposts and excises to pay the debts and provide for the common 
defense and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, im- 
posts and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States. 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the sev- 
eral States, and with the Indian tribes. 

4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws 
on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, 
and fix the standard of weights and measures. 

6. To jjrovide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities 
and current coin of the United States. 

7. To establish post-offices and post roads. 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing 
(or limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries. 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the 
high seas, and offences against the law of nations. 

11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captures on land and water. 

12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to 
that use shall be for a longer term than two years. 

13. To provide and maintain a navy. 



>rA CONSTITUTION OF IMr lyiTED STATES. 

14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land 
and navul forces. 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of 
the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions. 

16. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, 
and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the ser- 
vice of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the 
appointment of the officers and the authority of training the mihtia 
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over 
such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of 
particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
the Government of the United States, and to exercise hke authority 
over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the 
State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, 
arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; and, 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for car- 
rying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested 
by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in 
any department thereof. 

Section IX. — Frohihiiions and Privileges. 

1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohib- 
ited by the Congress prior to the year 1808, but a tax or duty maybe 
imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars on each 
person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be sus- 
pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety 
may require it. 

3. No bill of attainder or ex-post facto law shall be passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in propor- 
tion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any 
State. 

6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or 
revenue to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall 
vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to lenter, clear, or pay 
duties in another. 

7. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence 
of appropriation made by law ; and a regular statement and account 
of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be pub- 
lished from time to time. 

8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and 
no person holding any oflice of profib or trust under them, shall, with- 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 73 

oiit the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foregin 

state. 

Section X.— State Eestrictions. 

1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation 
.grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money, emit bills of credit,. 

make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts, 
pass auy biU of attainder, ex-po^t /ado law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any im- 
posts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely 
necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of 
all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall 
be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such 
laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 

3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger 
fts will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE n.— President. 
. 1. The executive power shall be \ested in a President of the United 
States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four 
years, and together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature 
thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number 
of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled 
in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person hold- 
ing an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be ap- 
pointed an Elector. 

3. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of wt.om one, at least, shall not be an inhabi- 
tant of the same State with themselves.' And they shaU make a Ust 
of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; 
which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat 
of the Government of the United States, directed to the President 
of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of 
ihe Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, 
iind the votes shall then be counted. The person having the great- 
est number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a 
<uajority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if there be 
oiore than one who have ^ucb cnajority, and have an equal number ol 



76 OONSTlTVTlOy OF TEE USITED STATES. 

votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choosa 
by ballot one of them foi* President; and if no person have a major- 
ity, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the 
votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State 
having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a mem- 
Ijer or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all 
the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the 
choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of 
votes of the electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should 
remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose 
from them by ballot the Vice-President.] 

{^This clause altogether altered and nipplied by the XII Amendment.'\ 

4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, 
and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be 
the same throughout the United States. 

5. No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the 
United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be 
eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty- 
five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United 
States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his 
death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties 
of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and 
the Cougres may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resig- 
nation, or inability both of the President and Vice-President, declar- 
ing what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act 
accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be 
elected. 

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a 
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished dur- 
ing the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not 
receive wdthin that period any other emolument from the United 
States or any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the 
following oath or affirmation : 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 

office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my 

ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United 

States." 

Section II. — Powers of the Preskleni. 

1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. T? 

^en called into the actual service of '''^ "^^.t^^: '..^tS 
require the opmion, in writing, of the pnncipa office. ° ^o*^ ' 

then lespecuve u^ , . . ,, tj^x^^a Q+,itPs except m casei 

and pardons for offenses agamst the United btates, exeep 

and consuls, jndges oi tne oup otherwise pro- 

s^:r;tt:tv:e-rr:t:'irtt eourt.of .«, or mthe 

•^t TheSrlll have po.er to .1 up «----- f- 
l>ni™en during the recess of the Senate, by granting co 
S shall expire at the end of the. next session. 
Section m.-D,tlks of the Preskhnt 
1 He shall from time to time give to the Congress intormationoi 
I. H<i Shall ir recommend to their consideration such 

■ ''^'^ '''''■= lAes^all'iudge necessary and expedient; he niay, on 
measures as he sbaii juu^" ■' „ i,ij(,j of them, 

extraordinary occasions, convene both Honse^ o e th 

and, in ease of disagreement "^'-^ ' --;;;^^ t he shall think 
of adjournment, he may adjourn '^-^'l'^"^^^ , lie ministers ; 

. i,a «hnll rece ve ambassadors ana otnei puu 
rS ttue tt tLt the laws be faithfully executed, and shall com- 
mission all the officers of the TJnited States. 

Section lY.— Impeachment of Officers. 

ARTICLE Ill.-Judiciary, 

Section I.— Courts— Judg<is. 
1 The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one 
Su^pll^1:rt:n^ainsuehln.riorCou^^^^^^^^^^ 

::atfrctr,s:rorejrsi^™g.«ah.^^^^ 

shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which 
shaU not be diminished during their continuance ui oflic«. 



7g OOKSTITTfTIoy C F THE UNITED STATES. 

Section n. — Judicial lowers — Civil — Criminal. 

1. TliQ judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, 
.■ /'ising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
tieaties made, or which shall be made under their authority ; to all 
cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to 
all cases of admii-alty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversit^s ta 
which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between 
two or more States — ^between a State and the citizens of another 
State — between citizens of different States — between citizens of the 
same State claiming lands under grants of different States — and 
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens 
or subjects. 

2. In all cases .iffecting ambassadorsj other public ministers and 
consuls, and t'aose in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme 
Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before 
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both 
as to the law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regula- 
tions as the Congress shall make. • 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shaU be 
by j'lry ; aud such trial shall be held iu the State where the said 
crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within 
any b: tate, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress 
may by law have directed. 

Section IIL — TVeason, 

1. Treason against the United Steies shall consist only in levying 
war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the 
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in 
open court. 

2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of 
treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of bloodj 
or. forfeiture, except during the life of the person attained. 

ARTICLE xV.-State Rights. 

Section I. — Bestifution aiid Privileges. 

1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the pubb'o 

acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And 

the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner iu which such 

acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereot 

Section n. — Privilege o' ChUzens, 

1. Thb citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and 
immunities of citizens in the several States. 

2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or othoi 
crime, who shall ilee from justice, and be found in another State, sha-J 



ooNSTirvrioN of the xiniteb states. 79 

on demand of the Executive authority of the State from -wliicD. he 
fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having juristiiction 
of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or 
regulation therein, be discharged fi'om such service or Jabor, buti 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or 

labor may be due. 

Section HL — JVew States. 

1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Unioa ; 
but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction 
of anjr other State ; nor any State be formed by the junction of two 
or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legisla- 
tures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all need=» 
ful rules and regulations respecting the territory or oilier property 
belonging to the United States, a ad nothing in this Constitution 
shall he so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, 
or of any particular State. 

Section IV. — State Governments — Fepuhlican, 
1. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union 
a republican form of Government, and shall protect each of thera 
against invasion ; and on application of the Legislature, or of the 
Executive (when the Legislature canaot be convened), against domel • 
tic violence. 

ARTICLE v.— Amendments. 

1. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses Sliall deem 
it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitutiun, or, on 
the appHcation of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either 
case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Consti* 
tution when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the sev- 
eral States, or by conventions i;i three-fourths thereof, a the one oj 
the other mode of ratification may be proposed by th- Congress j 
provided that no amendment which may be made prior io the year 
1808 shall in any manner affect the first and fourth cLiuses in the 
ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, wit},;rat its con- 
sent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

AETICLE VI.-Debts. 

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the 
adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid againsit the United 
States under this Constitution, as imder the confederation. 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall 
be made in pursuance thereof ; and all treaties made, or. which shall 



80 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the 
supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every State shaU be 
bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to 
the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The Senators and Representatiyes before mentioned, and the 
Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and ju- 
dicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, 
shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution '; 
but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any 
office or public trust under the United States. 

AETICLE Vn.-Eatiiication. 
^ 1. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be fcuffi- 
cient for the establishment of this Constitution between the ^States 
BO ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our 
Lord, one thousand seven hundred and ei^vhty-sevon, and of 
the Independence of the United States of America, the 
Twelfth. 
In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscrfoed our names. • 

GEORGE AVARHINaTON, 
^^f^"^ * President, and Deputy from Virginia, 

Wm. Jacksok, Secretary. 

AMENDMENTS. 
Articles in addition to, and amendment of the Constitution of the 
United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by 
the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the Fifth ar- 
ticle of the original Constitution. 

Article I. 
Congress shaii make no law respecting au establishment of rehgion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof 5 or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of tho press ; or the right of the people peaceably to as- 
semble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

AUTICISE TL 

A well regulated militia being necessary t^ the security of a free 
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be in- 
fringed. 

Article HT. 
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time oi wai but in a manner to be 
prescribed by law. 

Abtiole IV. 
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers 



OOStSTITVTIOH xjF THE UNITED STATES. 81 

and effects, against unreasonable searches and eeisnres, shall not be 
violated ; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, sup- 
ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place 
to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V| 
No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infa- 
rnous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, 
except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia 
when in actual service, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall 
any person be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy 
of Hfe or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a 
witness against himself ; nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, 
without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for 
public use without just compensation. 

Abticle TL 
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall snjoy the right to a 
speedy and pubUc trial by an impartial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law ; and to be informed of the na- 
ture and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in 
his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Aeticle VTL 
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceciJ 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no 
fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of 
the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. 

Aeticle Viii. 
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed. 
fcor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Ab,ticle IX. 
The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. 
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Cor<?titution, 
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to ine States respect- 
iv<?ly, or to the people. 

Aeticle XL 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against 
one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens 
or subjects of any foreign Stato. 



82 



VONSTITVTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



abticle xn. 
The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by bal- 
lot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not 
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall nam© 
in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct bal- 
lots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make dis- 
tinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persona 
voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, 
which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the 
seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the Presi- 
dent of the Senate ; the President of the Senate shall, in presence 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, 
and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the gi-eatest 
number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number 
be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no 
person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest 
numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as Presi- 
dent, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by bal- 
lot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; 
a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from 
two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall b© 
necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall 
not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve 
upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the 
Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other 
constitutional disability of the President. 

The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President 
shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the 
whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 
ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall 
choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of 
two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of th© 
'whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 

But no person constitutionally ineligible to the o^ce of President^ 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 

£Aa article intended as a thirteenth amendment to the Constitu- 
"tion was proposed at the Second Session of the Eleventh Congress, 
T>ut was not ratified by a sufficient number of States to become vahd 
as a part of the Constitution. It is erroneously given in an edition ol 
the Laws of the United States,published byBiorenandDuaneinl815.] 

[Note. — The eleventh article of the amendments to the Constitu- 
tion was proposed at the Second Session of the Third Congress; the 
twelfth article, at the First Session of the Eighth Congress ; and the 
thirteenth article at the Second Session of the Eleventh Conjrress," 



CONSTITUnON OF THE UNITED STATES. 83 

Akticle xin. 
Neither slayery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment 
for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall ex- 
ist within the United States, or any place subject to theu' juris- 
diction. 

Aeticle aTV. 

Section 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United States 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United ^ 
States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make^ 
or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities 
of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any per- 
son of life, Hberty, or property, without due process of law. nor deny 
to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the 

Tec 2 Representatives shall be apportioned among the several 
States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole 
number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. Unt 
when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for 
President and Vice-President of the United States, representatives 
in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the 
members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male in- 
habitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens 
of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation 
in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shaU 
be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens 
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of 
age in such State. 

Sec 3 No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Con- 
gress or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, 
civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, 
having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an, 
(Officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, 
or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Con, 
stitution of the United States, shall have' engaged in insurrection o^ 
rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies 
thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, 
remove such disabihty. 

Sec 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, au- 
thorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and 
bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall 
not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall 
assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection 
or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or 



84 



OOKSTITVTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, obligations and 
claims shall be held illegal and void. 

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by apprq3riate 
legislation, the provisions of this article. 

Akticle XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to rote shall 
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on 
account of race or color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by 
appropriate legislation. 



AGRWULTVUAL. 



Sfi 



AGRICULTUKAL STATISTICS, 1870-183d. 



I.— CROPS. - 

i. Indian CoEN-In this crop Illinois ranks first; Iowa, second; Missouri, third 

Indiana, fourth; Ohio, fifth, and Kansas, sixth. 



Years. 



1870 
1871 
1872 
187U 
lf74 
1675 



Bushfls. 



1,094,255,000 
991,898,000 

1,092,719,000 
932,274,000 
850,148,500 

1,321,069,000 



lR7fi' .. 1,283,827,500 

;S77 .. 1342,558,000 

1,388,218,750 

1,547,901,790 
1,5:37,535,9011 



1878, 
1879. 



Totals . . . 
Average . 



13,862,465440 
"1,210,587,7 




2. WnEAT-Illinois and Indiana lead on the wheat crop; Ohio and California come 
next, and Icwa and Minnesota follow closelj-. 




1870 
1871 

1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 



235,884,700 
230,722,400 
249,997,100 
281,254,700 
308,102,700 
292,136,000 
289,356,500 



i^;, 365,094.800 

1878 ■ 

lb79 

IJiSO 

Totals 

Average .... 



18,992 
19,943, 

20,858 
22,171, 
24,967 
26,381 
27.627 
26,277 
82,10S, 

86,037 



420,122,400 

448,756,11S 

480,849,700 
3;002r277,JlS|_287^ 
""327,479,^38| 26,173, 



3,345.641,4.56 
304,149,t>6»: 



13 96 
13 9S 



OATs-Illinois takes the lead on this crop ; New York follows, and then Iowa 
"Wisconsin and PennsylTania. ^ 



^. , ■, I T> ■ Value 

Value. Yield! Price. ! pg. Acre. 




86 



AORICULTURAL. 



4. Baulet — California, New York, "Wiscon-siu and Iowa are the States wliicli raiso 
the largest part of the Barley crop. 



Years. 


Bushels, 


Acres. 

1,108.924 
1.177.666 
1.397,082 
1.387.106 
1,. 580.626 
1.7.-9.902 
1.766,511 
1.614.654 
1,790,400 
1.680.700 
1,546,244 


VaJue. 


Yield 


Price. 


Value 
per Acre. 


1870 


26.2^5,400 
26,718,500 
26.846.400 
32.044,491 
32,552,. 00 
36,908,600 
38,710,500 
34,441,400 
42,245,'BO 
40,288,100 
87,100,735 


$22 244.-584 
21.541.777 
19.837,773 
29,333.. 529 
29.983.769 
29.9.52,082 
25.735.110 
22,028.644 
24,483,:n5 
2.'3,7 14,444 
26,804,421 


23 7 $0 84 5 
22.6 80 6 

19 2 73 8 
23.1 915 

20 6 92 1 

20 6 81.1 
219 66 4 

21 aJ 63 9 
23 7 64 3 
21 6 67 9 
'2i S 70 9 


t20 05 
18 29 
14 19 
21 n 
18 96 
16 73 
14 56 
13 64 

14 62 


1871 


1872 

1873 


1674 


1S75 


1876 

1877 


•1873 


1879 


isso 


16 IT 




Total 


874,147,256 


16,888,815 


$276,159,448 
«25,106,404 


22 1 
22 1 


$76 If 

«76 :- 

1 


♦ 16 79 








34,018,8S7 


1,530,801 


$16 79 


m 



6, Rye — Illinois, Pennsj-lvania, Wisconsin, New York and Kansas are in their order 
the principal States engaged in raising this crop. 



Years. 


Bushels. 


Acres. 


Value. 


Yield 

13 1 

14 3 
14 1 
13 1 
13 4 

13 
13.8 

14 9 

15 9 
14 5 
14 S 


Price. 


j Value 
per Aor» 


J870 


15,473.600 
1.5,365.500 
14.8.-8.600 
1.5.142.000 
14.990.iH)0 
17,722,100 
20,374,800 
il, 170. 100 
25,800,000 
28.680,460 
28,518,275 


1.176,137 
1,069,531 
1,048,654 
1,150,355 
1,116.716 
l,35ii.788 
1.468,374 
1,412.902 
1,021,000 
1,025,450 
1,540,374 

14,580,281 
1,826,480 


$12.612.00d 
12,145.646 
11,363.693 
11,548.126 
12,870.4(1 

13.631. yoo 

13,635,826 
12,542 895 
16.847.400 
15,507,481 
18,049,9J2 


eo 81.5 
79 
76 3 
76. S 
85. S 
76 £ 
66 £ 
59. i 
55 : 
65 6 
79 S 


$10 73 


1871 


11 35 


1872 


10 St 


l.'^TS 


10 04 


1874 


11 .52 




1 10 02 


1876 


9 28 


1677 


8 87 


1878 


10 39 


1S79 

18S0 


1) 54 
11 74 


Total 


20S.lV-5,3:» 
18,916,849 


$150,805,825 
$18,709,575 


14 1 
14 1 


$72 9 
$72 9 


$10 89 




$10 89 







6. ^ucK-WHE-iT — This is not a larga crop, nor is it rapidly extending ; abont five, 
sixths of the whole is grown ia New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, "Wiscoik 
Bin, Maine and Kew Jersey. 



Years. 


Bushels. 


Aeree. 


Value. 


Yield 


Price. 


Value 
per Acre. 


1870 


9,841,500 

8,328.700 

8,133,500 

7,837,700 

8,016,600 

10,082,100 

9,668,800 

10.177,000 

12,247,000 

18,140,000 

13, 695,9 W 


536.992 
413,915 

448,497 
454,152 
452.590 
.575..\iO 
666.441 
(■49.923 
673 IK10 
689,900 
614,804 


rr,725,044 

6.900.268 
6,747,618 
6,382,043 
6.477,885 
7,166,267 
7,021,498 
6.998..-10 


18.3 
SO 1 
18.1 
17 2 
17.7 
17.5 

14 5 

15 6 


$0 78.4 


m 3* 


h71 


82 8! 16 67 
82 9 15 04 
ei 4; 14 05 


p-2 

!l..*73 


1874 

1875 

lj!76 


80.8 

71 

72 6 

68 7 
59 

69 8 
585 


14 31 

15 43 
10 53 


1877 


10 76 


18 8 


7.22.''..230; 18 2 


10 74 


1879 


7,856.191 
8.008,799 

$78.509.6.58 

$7,136,^82 


20 6 
22 3 

18 2| 


13 28 


1S80 


18 05 


Total 


111.168,800 
10,106.264 


6.125.244 
556,840 


$T2 4 


$18 11 




18 2J 


$72 4 


$ia 11 







1. Potatoes — Now York tikos the lead in tlie Potato crop, and Pennsylvania, Wis- 
consin, Illinois, Michigan and Ohio follow, but the crop is a large one in moat 
of the northern States. 



AGRIOVLTURAL. 



87 




41 i^ 

48 0-/ 

43 50 

$57"3l $53"7.% 

$57 3 $58 "i-"' 



S ILvv-XewYork bads in tl>i3 groat crop, and Iowa, rennsylvanm. lUmois and 
Michigan follow. We give only the statistics from 1S76, the early years oi 
tliis decade being unreliable. 




•Cotton— This product being only reported at the ports whence it is shipped, it 
is difScult to ascertain the exact product of each State. We give, therefoi-e, 
only the gross amount of the crops and their values, premising that Cotton 
is grown as a marketable crop only in North Carolina, South Carolina, Geor- 
gia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee 
and Southern Missouri. A few bales may be grown one or two degrees 
further north, but not enough to produce any effect iipon the market. 



Tears. 


Kales 
Proiluced 


Value. 


i5-. 
C i - 


.\llinuTlt 

Kxport- 

ed. 


A'alne of 
Exports. 


Am'tretain- 
c'<l for Home 
Consump- 
tion. 


Value. ' 


Bept. 1, 1877-8.... 
«»ept.l, ]S7>;-'.) ... 
tept. 1, 18Tf^S0... 


4,S11.2G; 
5,078,.^ 31 
5,'.iCl,3U(J 


$24'.',000,0(^ 
14-.',14i».987 
24d,v!55,7U'2 


12 2r 

8 00 
lu 20 


Hales. 
3.574.876 

3.tii;t,7'i4 

4,118,005 


$180,081,484 
16-J,304,2r.0 
211,585,905 


I,4fi3.625 

1,415,000 
1,248,295 


$71,000,006 
48,500,000 
50,3S5,45S 


Average 


r 1- -, 










1 


1 









10. Tobacco— All the chewing, and a large proportion of the smoking tobacco 
and snuff used in this country arc produced on our own soil, while about 
two thirds of the cigars and cigarettes are made here from native tobacco, 
the other third being imported either 'n the manufactured or unmaaufac 
lured state. 



88 



AaBICULTXTRAL. 



Tobacco I va.in«nf l-^mount re-l , , , 

Crop of the ''^^"001 turned for M.mountof 

Teur. I Crop. ) Rov. Tax. Tax. 



187; 



.'.876 



1877 



1878 



1S79 



I8S0 



£||Ain'ntof| Va] 



ue 



399,000,000 



490,000,000 



382,546,700 



40,217,000 



38,487,000 



22,18T,42o 



T.)bacco. 

119.7il6,727 

No Cif^ars 

& Ciiiraret'.s. 

I,908;i41,.'.70 

Lbs. Mannf. 

Tobacco. 

127,481,149 

No. Ciiiars 

ifcCigare'ts. 

1,958,391,482 

Lbs.Mauut. 

Tobacco. 

119,406,588 

I No. Cigars 

&Ci!raret's. 

2,0S2.3.i6,3G2 ^. . .„ 

Lbs. Manuf. On Man. Tob 

391.2T8.860 22.T27.534| '^S^GS ^.^St 0? 

No. Cigars Cigars. &c ,&| 

& Cigaret'.s Wari'factur's 

,8,276,r>;«,(iSl i.',72r.,l.'5 58 

Lbs. Mauuf. On Man. Tobj 

478,107,5^1; 88,794.83l| U WS5 ?3,76m18 04 

No. Cigars Cigars,&c.,A 

cSr Cigaret's. Man'factur's 

2,830,159,820 15,103,912 04 



Lbe. Manuf. JOnMan.Tob 

408,000.000 65,28\0O0ri^\GI5'^l"^|SS76" 
No.ofCig'rs OuCigars&o 
& Ciuaret's. amlManufs 
1,967.959,6(21 9,494.147 
Lbs.Mauuf. OnMan^Tob 
(Si. Dealers in 
28,526,823 
OnCgs, Cgrs 
and Manufs. 
11,268,517 
OnMau.Tob 
it Dealers in 

29,881,90. 

OnCigars&c 

&Manufct's 

11,224,6.'J0 

On Man. Tob 

aniiDeal'.sin 

28,204,045 

Cigars&c.& 

Manfjictur'sl 

ll,887,7-;0 



Amount ,,„, „ 

^„ „. I Tobacco P "^l"® "f 

p, U Importd Import8|Esport«d! Exports. 



Lbs. I f 

16 6,663,843 0,812,496 120174377. 28,547,803 



Lbs. To- 
bacco, 
ice. 

12.5 6,598,410 

'No.ofCi- 

gars.&c 

599,066 



Lbs. 

7,186,718 



8-3 



6,081,647 



5,730,966 



C-Expts Ko-E.'cp'ts 
759,798 547,278 

iufe'200734 25,6^2,670 

Ee-Exprt Ee-Exp't9 
706,3931 398,278 

M 
149347070 32,079.047 

Re-Exprt Ro-Exp f.s 
266,i.01| 292,315 



5.6 8,603,641 6,439,868 283986557 28,484,482 



iRe-E.xprt Re-Exp't.s 
.1 464,481, 313,091 



5.8 7,tl2,746j5,8S8,8:6| 822295361 28,215,240 



8.2 



Be E.xp'rt Ee-Fxn'ts 
441,8S6| 345,171 



10412TS9 7,402,800 215928053 18,-U2.'273 

Re-Exp'rt R©-Exp'ta 
' 924,169 501,622 



336 S)?!^? ^'^T^ ""^ °*^"' '^'''^"*"»<^t"'-'"« of Tobacco, to the ralue of $2,864 975 t Besides 

■ 6T402"Tr '^ ? 2.0^-'.0O0 Cigars and other n^anufactures of Tobacco, "to , ho valul of 

^d ttS^luT " ""' "'^'" "' ''"'''' ^'^ ''^^^ '^^ "^ n^anufaccored Tobacco ;^! 



WHS almost wholly prodijced on tl,e AUantJc coastT thP^?IS ^ <" T^. ''"^ ^'""^ '"'^P'^. ""d 

Now th- tou product in the best years, does not exceed 8^ 0<Kntf»(rn?.n ^ n'>l'>ons of pounds, 
half IS grown in Louisiana. exceea bo,ooo,uoo pounds, of which ab«ut one- 




•r; ^ Imports 



Value. Re- 

I Exports. 



ts. Pounds. 1$ 
00. '53,065, 191 1,325,234 



1,007,612 
1,876,786 
3,317,172 
2,304,6961 



■ 00 43,123,939 
5064,655,827 
.2574,642, 631 
60 83,755,225 
.00'73.2.57.716 2,083 248 
90 59,414,7t9:i.547;697 
.00.71,561,8,r2'l,(;()3 547 
•50 60,978,639] 1,439.767 
..147,489,878 l,K4.V.369r 
|>5,824,92.S 2,1.80 KV 



J'onuds. g 
I 8,886,(!64 284632 
15.212, 8;J3 454316 
|10,21J,920 281)463 
|12,6.M,959'3:8996 
|20 204,774,!.'i91417 
2.5,840.8771763497 
i 12,352.330 342694 
16.610,614j406.i53 
14,483.6451369235 
9,65(■.,593|■i^8242 
" '0(;..3ri2()780L' 



' , I iValuel I Tiirii 
TalueiDom'stclDoms Total Taluo 
psportsjExptsI Export«.|Expt8 



rounds. § I i>oi mis I a 
2,232,833 14.5934 11,101,4971430466 
'^^'ol1l^'-^^'^^^'~'3-*5'^-»"i'i^^l971 
440,842 22502; 10,658,7621302965 
''"•' ^■-' 2-;68;13,0.'i5,-94 407764 
19740 20,479,401 611157 
27075 26.399.799i7»0.i7'> 
19831 12,629,61 7i.362725 
30918 17,0.M) 605:437471 
"8II2I 15,790,6271447347 
10.287,698 ;MTI95 
K!.i''i:242S40 




of the amount iuinortrd 'iho .,., 1 .• "'*'' ""t, smce l>b2 much if at all excppfi«H ..r,., 0: i! u 
puthasnoryetrea'he,Una,uoumo"nZ t,'*"''''^ and Sorghum Su.^ar has be.n iuc'^.^'l^ 
It has lately been charged by <he o ve ^^7n th° tTin':^''.' f'' '^^-^^"« ''"'"estic produ'uo!: 
the annu.l income from suga,-. is from s,'",?o ten „,?-- ^^'n ]" *-'?'""'^ ""rx"-f-J ^"gaxs 
follo«injr tables give all the facts rH- tire of h,"n.? •'''''^ '^''. ''"'''' '' '''"'"l'' ''e. The 
i4es on susa.-3 aud molasses, from ls7 1 1S-9 *^'-P'^"*^"'-'t'0°. >"iportation, exportation, uLd du- 



AGRICULTURAL. 



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AGRICCLTURAL. 



II.— LIVK STOCK 
Thia department of agricultural production Increases in a much uiore mpiJ ratio tlian the population, mach of the land wett 
of tho Mississippi, na well as tb« prairie lands eASt of the river, being ndniirably adapted to iTmz nc, and the breeding of neat 
cattle and swine for slaughter, and sheep, both for their fleecsand for slaughter, being condncted on a large scale. Hordes and 
mules are also reared in great numbers for domestic use and for exportation. For ntany years past we have exported large quan- 
tities of salted and smoked meats to Europe, mess beef, mes:, pork, hams, shoulders, jerked beef, bacsn, Ac, as well as lard, and 
in moderate quantities, tallow, butter, cheese and condensed milk; but for the last three or four years, a large export trade baa 
sprung np in live stock for slaughter, neat cattle and sheep, and in fresh beef and fresh mutton, as well as much greater quant, ties 
of butter, cheese, and liquid condensed milk. This h.a3 speed ly developed into an enormous traffic. Oysters and fresh fruits 
»r« also exported in considerable qu.antltieB. In the following lahles we have givesi ths ntunbers, average price a:id csllmnted 
▼alue of the live stock of the country in 1879 aiwl 1S80, and also the exports of animals and animal products for the List t):reo 
years. "We deem these statistics of great importance to the fanner, agrleu Itural settler, and to the shipper, as indicating ilia 
directions in wliich agricultural labor may be most profitably employed. 

1. — Farm Animals at the beginning of each year. 



Akuials. 



Horses 

Mules 

Milch CowB.. 

Oxen & other 

Cattle .... 

SheepA Goat^ 

StriDe 



Jakuart, 18T9. 



Number. 



Price I 



Value. 



10,618,800 61 26|650,401,500 
1,G(1T,OOo'g4 01 100,604,670 
12,206,60o!'22 91 219,658,206 
21,077,000 18 10 831,498,700 
3S,4.'-'2,000; 2 40 92,858,240 
84,831, 400' 6 00 171,057,000 



Jascirt, 1880. 



Av. 
Price 



$ 



618,296,611 



11,201,800 64 75 
1,729,500 CI 2C| 105,948,819 
12,027,00o'23 27;279 ,899,420 
21,281,000'l6 10'341, 761,154 
40,765,900 [ 2 21 1 90,280,68' 
84,034.100 4 2S 145,781,515 



JiSDinT, ISSl. 



Av. I 
; Price I 



Value. 



11,429.626 68 4*! 667,954,82.'; 

1,720,731 69 79, 120,096,164 

13,868,658 23 95 2CG,:;77,oa 

20,987,702 17 88 36;:.SCl,.-09 

48,576,899 2 89 116,020,750 

86,247.603 4 70 170,535,-1;,'5 



2. — Animals and animal products exported in each year. These are for the Fiscal year 

ending June 30. 



AnlmMls. living : 

iiogs nninber.. 

Hornedcattlc <lo 

Hori«c> do .. 

Mulct; : do .. 

Photp <lo .. 

AH oLher, and fowls do .. 

Vnluial lualtor : 

Bone-black, ivory blnck, &e pounds. . 

Bouea and boH»s-diist cwt.. 

Caudles pomitLj . . 

Furs and fur-skins 

Olno pOttBdl 

Hair: 

Unmanuf sctTirert 

WanufactuicB of 

Hides uudskUis, 0iUi»r tboa fura 

Leather : 

SorU not BpeclQed paunds.. 

Morocco, aud otbertlue 

Boots and shoes pairs.. 

Baddlcry and harness 

Other niauulactures 

«Oil : 

' Lard gallon«.. 

.' CH: er animal do 

B^ovisions ; 

Bacon and hams pounds.. 

Bed: lYcsh do .. 

Salted do .. 

Butter do .. 

Cheese do .. 

< ondeused milk 

Eirgs dozen . . 

Lard pounds. . 

Mutton, fresh do .. 

Pork do 

Preserved meats 

Soap: 

Pertumcd and toilet 

All t>ther pounds. . 

Tall )W do . . 

AVax do .. 

■Wool : 

Kaw and fleece pounds.. 

Carpets yards. . 

Other manufactures 



1879. 



$700,261 

8,379, JOO 
77*^.742 

1,072,038 

3J,M3 
4.347 

22^,104 

4,82B.m8 

43.779 

379.170 

18,629 

».I7'.5J3 

5,846,SS2 

402,', s,? 
132,099 
433.743 

1,037.013 
1^4,832 

5l.074^'3 
4,883,080 
2.33''.^78 
>;,42i,2o:; 

l"2,i;79,q63 
119,88} 

32,85,0,673 

123,01^ 

4,807, iibd 

7,3iMo8 

30,827 

621,311 

6,934,940 

45,823 

17.644 

8.118 
338,01 s 



Quantity. Value 



83.433 
182,746 

3,oGo 

^,178 

219.137 



1, 244 ,968 

32,080 
J*44.405 



150,718 



21,834,401 



379.310 



I.5<M.933 
39.552 

7^9,761420 
44,728,032 

4!„239,221 

39,234,211 
127.553.897 



8s,885 
374.978,i;36 

2.335," 
135.0791 



2,33^.831 

' ,580 



14,>;70,300 

110,740.446 

193,217 

191, ■;« 
8.54J 



^421,079 

J3.344.195 

675,139 

i;32,3&2 

892,047 

16,688 

65,069 

46431 

237.549 

5,403,950 

32,650 

332,726 
24,552 
649,074 

5,086 JDlS 

" 658,242 

441,069 

133,810 

440.947 

814,656 
33,069 

50,987,012 

7.44-!-'^2 

J.M1.371 

6,1^90,079 

12,171,-20 

121,013 

14.148 

37,020,304 

176,218 

c;.p30,227 

7. 677. 073 

38.567 

6^)0,331 

7,480,0^1 

46,880 

71.987 

8.5,» 

208,346 



Quantity. Value. 



77.456 
•i»5.707 

3.H23 

3.207 
179.919 



I,59I,6^I 
'l2,(,' ■ 

1 ,780, 72 



28,690,643 
300,90s 



836,215 
77.490 

746,944,545 

106,004,1.12 
40,098,649 
3i,stxi,t,i-o 

147,995,614 



80,146 
378,142,496 



ic7,928,ot.6 



13.323.757 

56,403,372 

104,090 

10,54*) 



Total value of animals and animal matter. $145,641,233 ' i 160,931,14; 



$572,133 

14,304,103 

3(P.243 

353.9:4 
708.933 
29,058 

51,682 

34 ,060 

210,843 

5.451 .410 

59.030 

305. If8 
43,i'33 
903,404 

6J73,6p5 
661 ,019 
374,343 
145. '*7 
431 ,»-'I 

5=;8.^76 
00.359 

61,161,205 
S,boc ,st4 
2,00s, 761 
6,256.024 
16,380,248 
139^470 
13.7:6 



8,272,265 
5.971. 5.S7 

44r45^ 

650, 01 

6,800,623 

140,303 

19J17 
10 750 
330.333 

1186,258,791 



AORICULTITRAL. 



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^ I Apples, Peaches, 
*- I Pears and Quinces. 



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O H 
O :3 

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I Dried Feaches 



I Castor Beans. 



I Flax-Secd. 



I Hemp Seed. 



I Millet Seed. 



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1 Hungarian-Grass S'd 



I Clover Seed. 



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£^< S33 = = 33-5 £cog -^ = i X i. 2. ^ >^ C ? - 2 5.5.CO 
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AGSICULTUJUL. 

ADDITIONAL TO THE FOREGOIXCi TABLE- 

in addition to the articles named in the foregoing table, the following weights 
per bushel, of the following articles, are established by law in the States indicated, 
viz; 

Coke : Pennsylvania, 40 pounds to the bushel; Ohio, 40 pounds to the bitshel; 

Iowa, 38 pounds to the bushel. 

Hominy: Massachusetts, 50 pounds- to the bushel; Ohio, 60 pounds to the busheL 
Peas, ground: Georgia, 25 pounds to the bushel ; Kentucky, 24 pounds to the 

bushel. 

Parsnips: Connecticut, 45 pounds to the bushel; Wisconsin, 44 pounds to ihe 
bushel ; Montana, 50 pounds to the bushel. 

Euta-bagas : JIaine, 60 pounds to the bushel ; Connecticut, GO pounds to the 
bushel; "Wisconsin, 56 pounds to the bushel. 

Mangel-wurzel : Maine, 60 pounds to the bushel ; Connecticut, 60 pounds to tho 
bushel; Washington Territory, 50 pounds to the bushel. 

Vegetables not specified : Rhode Island, 50 pounds to the bushel; Washington 
Territory, 50 pounds to the bushel. 

Onion top sets : Virginia, 28 pounds to the bushel; Nebraska, 25 pounds to tha 
bushel. 

Dried fruit — Plums : Michigan, 28 pounds to the bushel. 

Peaches, peeled: Virginia, 40 pounds to the bushel; Georgia, 3g 
pounds to the bushel. 
Currants, gooseberries, and grapes: Iowa, 40 pounds to the bushel. 
Other berries: Rhode Island, 32 pounds to the bushel; Michigan, 40 pounds to 
the bushel ; Iowa, 32 pounds to the bushel. 
Chestnuts: Virginia, 57 pounds to the bushel. 
Peanuts ; Virginia, 22 pounds to the bushel. 

Seeds — Broom-corn: Iowa, 30 pounds to the bushel; Dakota, 30 pounds to the 
bushel. 

Cotton: Georgia, 30 pounds to the bushel; Missouri, 33 pounds to the 
bushel. 
; Osage Orange : Virginia, 34 pounds to the bushel ; Michigan, 33 pounds 

to the bushel ; Iowa, 32 pounds to the bushel ; Nebraska, 32 pounds 
to the bushel. 
Rape: Wisconsin, 50 pounds to the busheL 
•' Sorghum: Iowa, 30 pounds to the bushel; Nebraska, 30 pounds to the 

bushel. 

Orchard grass: Virginia, 14 poimds to the bushel; Michigan, 14 pounda 

to the bus^^u. 
Eedtop: Virginia, 12 pounds to the bushel; Michigan, 14 pounds to the 

bushel. 
Sfoid: Iffwa, 130 pomids to the bushel. 



FARM LABOR AND VV-AGES. 

FAEM LABOR AND WAGES. 



9-3 



The following table of wages paid f.- ^^^^^ ^n t^e^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

the United States, was comp led f^^ /^^^^^i^^j^"""?^,. Apparently, it 
April, 1880, and is placed in the report ^^^^is jcan^^^ PP^^ .Jj^^^ 

should be in the \^P«5\^fl?^,^;,^,^rta„d before the funds to print tha 
spring following the date ^^/^^^e report aMbeto ^be facts be 

report of that year are avalable, It 1^^^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^. 

fore the pubhc at as early a day as ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 

close of the year. The same exp anat on appue ^ 

and wages published in the report of 1878, and wmcn w 
wages for April, 1879- 

AVERAGE WAGES FOR 1S89. 



By tlw Tear. 



PER DAT. 



Transient In Transient not 
Harvest. in Harvest 



^ 



Maine $21 00 $Vi 78 

Hew Hampshire... 21 4o| 18 31 
Vermont 19 1'2 



Massachusetts . 
Rhode Island . . 
Connecticut ... 

New York 

New Jersey — 
Pennsylvania. , 

Delaware 

Maryland .... 

Virginia 

North Carolina 
South Carolina 

Georgia 

ElcH'ida 

Alabama 

Missiaeippi 

Louisiana .... 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee .... 

West Virginia. 

Kentucky... . 

Ohio 

Miciiigan 

Indiana 

Illinois ...... 

Wisconsin .... 

K'innesota.. .. 

Iowa ■' 

Mi^souri. , .~ 

Kansas 

Nebraska ... 

Oalifornia . . . 

Oregon 

Uevmla 

Colorado 80 * 

Utah 32 GO 

New Mexico 22 O'l 

Waohington 40 Oi 

Dakota <il 11 

Meatona 4S 651 



28 60 

19 00 
23 40 

20 t>0 

21 68 
211 2.5 
16 00 
14 

13 30 
11 92 
10 

11 16 

15 te 

12 8T 

13 55 

16 62 

17 48 

17 61 

18 08 

18 45 
16 281 
21 (12 
23 90 

21 87 

22 11 

22 03 
21 11 

23 26 

19 14 
21 78 

24 48 
40 9--< 
87 40 



12 62 
16 40 



14 00 
13 9S 
12 75 
12 00 
10 00 

9 23 
8 25 
8 10 

7 82 

8 21 

10 6S| 

8 87 

9 80 
12 26 

12 09 

11 73 
9 13 

11 77 

10 75 

13 9 

15 08 

14 15 
14 97 
14 7i 

16 3:! 
13 74 
13 00 

13 43 

14 52 
27 12 
23 43 
80 00 

21 71 
1:i Oi) 
13 80 

22 50 
18 10 
SJ 75] 



$1 50 
1 

1 40' 
1 60 
1 00 
1 75 
1 GO 
1 77 
1 47 
1 00 
1 40 
1 18 
1 09 
1 14 
1 08 
98 
1 10 
1 10 
1 03 
1 25 
1 32 
1 40 
1 13 
1 48 

1 68 

2 07 



12 $1 09 



77 
73 
98 
65 
01 
57 
CO 

1 94 

2 21 
2 15 
2 00 
2 06 
1 98 

1 25 

2 00 
2 8-5 
2 87 



1 061 
1 10 
1 22 

75 
1 84 
1 20 
1 48 
1 11 

75 
1 06 

93 

84 



74 

95 
1 04 
1 08 

80 
1 14 
1 80 
1 63 
1 89 
1 87 

1 57 

2 24 
1 57 
1 22 
1 27 
1 56 
1 71 
1 61 
1 07 
1 50' 
1 55 

9! 
1 50 

1 97 

2 25' 



1 20 
1 00 
1 45 



1 06 
1 08 

1 07 
99 
60 

80 



1 04 
1 2n 

97 
1 10 
1 13 
1 29 
116 

92 
1 08 
1 09 
1 

1 5o 
1 90 
1 G9 
1 •IS 
1 05 
1 .^10 

1 41 

2 17 



$0 75 
941 
69 
901 
60' 
71 
74 
76 
68 
83 
53 
45 
45 
48 
46 
62 
51 
54 
65 
67 
65 
62 
59 

m 

75 
86 
7S 
82 
83 
1 03 






$1 861 $1 85 
1 94 1 92 



66 

76 

86 

1 27 

1 00 

1 ?2 

1 13 

1 13 

74 

1 12 

9:) 

1 60 



1 87 

2 10 

1 50 

2 00 
1 93 
1 96 
1 71 
1 ro 
1 76 
160 
1 66 
154 

1 86 

2 08 
2 10 
2 12 
2 47| 
2 25 
2 is 
182 
179 

1 96 

2 02 
197 
1 

2 08 
2 05 
2 30 
2 02 

1 95 

2 10 
2 20 1 
8 861 
2 93 
4 33 
2.HS 
2 77 
2 90 
8 37 
2 42 
4 00 



SIS 



1 77 

2 07 

1 50 

2 08 

1 80 

2 00 

1 60 

2 00 
1 77 
1 57 
1 60 
1 64 

1 81 

2 24 

1 99 

2 80 
2 55 
2 80 
2 1 

1 74 
1 74 
1 84 
1 98 
1 91 

1 87 

2 03 

1 95 

2 2 
2 01 

1 8:3 

2 06 

2 19 

3 15 
8 00 
5 00 
2 96 

2 80 
8 20 

3 75 

2 O''.' 

3 02 



1 75 
1 87 
1 50 

1 95 

2 06 
2 00 
1 80 
1 .^0 
1 73 
1 & 
1 63 

1 65 

2 00 
2 27 
2 81 
2 37 
2 53 
2 25 
2 21 
1 95' 



72 
94| 
19 
IS 
9> 
12 
14 
2 83 
2 13 

1 98 

2 1 

1 45 
8 50 
8 50 
6 83 

2 88 
8 0( 

3 10 
8 75 

2 64 

3 81 



^ 



i2 09 $1 54 

2 00 1 58 

2 03 1 65 

2 65 1 83 



2 50 
2 03 
2 OS 

1 95 

2 00 
2 12 

1 75 

2 03 
2 20 
2 50 
2 72 
2 79 
2 68 
8 10 
2 84 
2 87 
2 82 
2 00 
2 29 
2 33 
2 24 
2 20 
2 25 
2 23 
2 42 
2 35 
2 36 
2 32 

2 33 

3 83 
8 00 

5 75 
8 3:' 

3 25 

6 oil 

4 0;i 
8 03 
8 83 



1 85 
1 70 
1 63 
1 4T 
1 25 
1 68 
1 33 
1 20 
1 36 
1 58 
1 84 
1 53 

1 82 
3 10 

2 05 
1 77 
1 .56 

1 45 I 
1 52 . 
1 6T 
1 67 
1 07 
1 70 

1 73 

2 05 
1 83 
1 70 
1 87 

1 96 

2 74 
2 80 
5 00 
2 50 

2 08 

3 83 
8 00 
2 89 
8 83 



94 FARM LABOR AI'{> WAGES. 

A comparison of the returns in the fi;< two columns of the prexseding 
table villi similar returns mad' last y'^ar, gives a clear idea of the 
change in the value of labor since then. The decline, which had been 
steadily goiufr u since 1873, till last yea-', seoms to have been arrested, 
and there is a decided advance in almost ^.very section. The averago 
wage of labor engaged by the ear or "^easoi, iuid which represents the 
steady and reliable force on the farm, was, for the whole country, last 
'year, ,"n average of $20. '^O a month, without bo;yd. This year it is 
|;21.75, being an increase of 7 25 per cent. 

Taking into consideration the figures of the second column, being the 
rate paid with board to the same class of labor, we gain a clear view of 
the cost of subsisting the iaborer, which, for the average of the whole 
country, in 1880, is $7.17 a month, against $7.14 in 1879. Heretofore, 
in the decline of wages,the cost of subsistence declined in quite the same 
ratio, but for this year the proportion is largely in favor of the laborer^ 
as the cost of subsistence remains nearly at the loweot rate, Mhile the 
wage has materially advanced. The average price for labor, with board, 
is 814.50. An analysis of the figures in the first column shows only 
three States reporting less than last year, viz., Texas, Minnesota and 
California ; but a glance at tlie second column, or the wage paid with 
board, shows a marked increase. It must be borne in mind, however, 
that in all these States the sparseness of population and absenee of the 
tacilities of the old'.T States render it both necessary and convenient to 
lodge and feed the hired help. The price paid, therefore, with board, is 
the safest indication of the value of labor in those States. 

As was to be expected, the great^?st increase has been in those States 
where Agriculture had been the most remunerative since last year. 
Thus, in the West, and those States bordering on the Ohio river, which 
were the most favored, the increase has been the largest. The same 
applies to the cotton States. With the higher price for cotton, the ad- 
vance has been universal, and is, in some sections, as high as 8 or 10 per 
cent. The domaiul for labor is good in all sections of the country. In 
the New Ki gland and ^Middle States there is a steady and good demand 
for reliable men. and prices for that class have advanced very materially. 
The larger number of reports from these sections, state that the usual 
custom is to hire with board, and for the season. 

In the South Atlantic and Gulf States there is an active demand for 
all kinds of steady labor. Many correspondents report that tlie share 
•system, or a division of the product in lieu of wages, was growing more 
unpopular daily, and that the frcedmen are becoming more and more 
landholders. In Mississippi and Louisiana, there are a few reports of 
scarcity of labor, owing to the exodus to Kansas and the North, but in 
the same localities there is reported a good demand for reliable labor of 
all kinds. In the Northwestern States the supply of labor is quite equal 
to the demand. In that section most of the inhabitants are land-owners, 
and only hire help at harvest time, but skilled labor is reported in good 
demand. In the Territories and on the Pacific slope, the demand is re- 
ported as gTHxl, except in New Mexico and ^lontana, where a surplus is 
noticed, in the first-named Territv^.;y, the surplus is attributed to the 
opening of the railway from Kansas, and in the latter, to the large nu-Ji- 
bier of young and unskilled laborers arriving. 



TSE LABOR QUESTION. 



95 



AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES.— 1860. 18-72, 1878, and 1881-82. 

From the Report of the Laoor Statistics of Mnss. compiled by Hon. Carroll P. 

Wright, Secretary of the Labor Bureau of Mass. 




Agriculture. 
Lal)'rs per mo.&.boar(l 
Lab'ra pr day, uo bo'rd 
Arms tS Avununitivn 
Machinist 
Macliiuists, foreiuen . . 
lusiwctors 
Inspectors, foremen. 

Fitters 

Tool-Maker. 
A niorers 
Watchmen 
Firemen . . 
Engineers 

Laborers • 

Boys 

Artisans' Tools 
Paittorn-Makers 
Filt'-Cutteis 
Machinists. 
Hardeners. 
Forjiei's . . - 
Moulders 
"Wood- Workers 
Finishers 
Helpers . . 
Lalxirers . 
Blacksmiths 

Bleach' g, By' ng, Prn'tg 

Overseers 

Engine Tenders 

Printers 

Back Tenders 

Dyers 

Designers 
Eugraveis 

Driers 

Starchers, 

Finishers and Packers 

Soapers 

Dyers and Steamers 

Si'ngoi 8 

Engineers 
Carpei.ters 

Teamsters 

Mechanics, repairs. . 

Color-Mixers 

Watchmen 

Firemen 

Men 

Women 

BoA's 

Glils 

Boys and Girls 

Laborers 

Bookbinders. 

Gilders 

Finishers 

Forwarders 

F'ldrs & Sewers, Wmu 

Collators, women. 

Boots and Shoes. 



iidge-Setters 

Shoemakers 

Machine Hands, w'mn 
McKay Operators. - 

Heaters jtl 30 

Beaters-out 

Trimmers 

Women 



12 00 17 7813 00 n 60 
10 33 14 Cii| « 00|12 -1 



8 25 



15 00 
5 50 



Boxes. 



■Men 

Women and Girls. 
Boys 



Bread, Crackers, Etc 

Bread-Bakers 

CrnckeT-Bakers 

Drivers 

Shippers 

Packers, Women 

Breweries. 

Teamsters 

En'jineeis 

Watchmen 

|Ciirpentei-8 

Painters 

Wash-House 

Mash-Floor 

(Joopors 

Bricks. 

Moulders 

Soiters 

Loa<le.rs 

Harrow-men 

Overseers 

Engineers 

jCavpeuters 

Pressers 

Face-Brick men 

Burners' Assistants. 

Laborers 

Teamsters 

Hostlers 

Blacksmiths 



11 20 
5 71 
3 50 



8 891 7 3.il 7 t<l 
22 22 17 75 15 W 
00 

16 89,15 00 11 -l-' 

17 78 12 25 11 iii* 
1 8 00 8 43 



13 33 11 57 

5 46 5 09 
4 77l 5 00 



8 06 

7 8:i 

1? 60 

9 

6 93 



9 95 
13 50 



13 ir 11 97 
1-2 41,12 00 
116 61 

ll2 00 
7 87 



IG 00.12 00 

a 11 10 9< 



1-2 00; 12 00 
13 78 14 75 

« 00] 12 151 9 66 
10 00 16 00il2#. 
10 50 

9 66 
12 19 
12 00 

wit I 

brd 

3 10 

2 9 

3 1 
3 43 
7 50 



11 5."> 
16 00 

Ko 
b'nl 
11 36 

7 60 

7 69 

8 8'; 

13 33 



G 01) 15 92 
6 00 14 16 
6 OU 10 04 
G 00 10 04 
9 83 18 1 

2 96 

3 23 

3 00 

4 00 



Cutters 

Botti miers 
Machine-Closers. 

Boot-Treers 

Crimpers. 

Fitters 

Finishers 

Bufifers 

Betters 



Brushes. 

i I Finishers 

iFini.shers,low gr'dw'k 

JNailers 

Piiiut-Brush Makers. 
Do Fine Work 

Painters 

Borers 

Combers 

jCombers, low gr'd -w'k 

i Washers 

jPan-hands, women — 

Drawers, wi.men 

Boys 

Building Trades. 

Carpenters 

Painters & Glaziers.. 
Steam & Gas Filters. 

iSlaters 

Paper-Hangers 

Plumbers 

Plasterers 

Maaons 

Carpenters' Laborers 
Mas. &. Plast laborers 



12 81 
15 00 
with 
b'rd 
3 37 
3 12 
3 96 
3 85 
8 50 
7 50 

6 00 
5 36 

7 06 

13 57 
8 401 3 00 
7 78 3 7 
7 78 3 00| 

12 891 4 00 



14 00,16 89 13 48 

1 6 00 

14 80; 15 55'il7 10 



13 C6 17 7c- 
21 00 

17 7'^ 
12 C4 14 41 
liJ 4:,14 52 



7 50 
5 27 
5 IJ 
4 10 



9 9 

11 0. 
10 2 
14 3! 

12 9 
14 05 

10 18 

11 4f 
7 16 



6 22 

4 fcrt 
4 411 



18 01 

•r> 00 

15 10 
15 10 
14 34 
8 00 
8 00 
5 01 

4 70 

5 00 



la &i 

14 66 

15 35 
13 00 



M 66 1 n 33 

II ill 13 85 

III .55:12 16 
16 00 12 50 
14 H2,10 45 14 45 
14 •-:2 18 00 18 00 
;U 33ll2 25 18 23 
21 33|13 37 14 04 

8 29 8 C8 
7 14ll2 23 8 13 8 60 



96 



TRU LABOR QVESTIOy. 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Cabinet Making. 

Cbair-Miikera 

l)t'C(iiatois 

Gilders 

.Turnora 

Carveri! 

Cabiiici -Makers 

^lillMen 

Polislieis tfc Fiuishors. 

Upliolsf crtTs 

TJpliolst. sewers, w'nin 

Carpetings. 

"Wool-Sorters 

>V()olWaslier8 

Wool-Prepare rt 

Combers 

i^iiisbers 

Dyers and Dryers 

Drawiuj; in 

I'illiiiji Boys 

Drawers 

Dressers 

Weavers 

Burlers 

Section Hands 

Drawers and Spinners 

Doffers 

lYanie-Spinuers 

Twisters 

Cai-dcrs 

Firemen 

Packers 

Overseers 

Machn'sts &Carpnt'rs 

M'^atchnieu 

Laborei-s 

Laborers' Boys 



AVKKACB \l LIOKH- >VaoeS, 



Gold Standard. 



IHGO. 1872. I 1878. 



fio 11 'en r.f. ifit on 



1881-2 



, Carriages. 

Body-Makei-8 

Painters 

Carriage-I'art Makers 

Wbeelwrijjhts 

Trimmers 

Blackemitbs 

Blacksmitbs' Helpers 

Corset-t. 

ry)rewoman 

Overlookers 

Embroiderers 

Keedle-Handa 

yinisbers & Packers 

Macbine-Hands 

Boners 

Eyeleters. 

Binders 

Cutters 

Cutters, men 

Pre^sera 

Pressors, men 

Custom \A'ork 



iiO 50 
15 00 
11 H) 
1-J 80 
10 50 
10 05 
10 00 
10 90 
6 00 



6 50 

5 50 
50 

6 00 

5 25 

6 00 
4 bO 

2 50 

6 00 

7 50 

6 50 

3 50 

7 50 

3 00 

4 50 
7 50 

00 

2-1 00 

9 00 
7 00 

5 00 



17 ;t:i 
15 11 

10 00 
14 (i( 
12 41 

11 ;>■! 
14 (i(i 

e 07 



24 00 
17 00 

11 (0 

12 3;i 

11 o:i 

10 fi7 

10 2. 

11 4; 
7 00 



8 1 

9 93 



11 P2 

11 ilO 
9 50 

10 04 

12 021 

11 20 
7 50 



22 67 

9 87 



Clothing-Ready- Ma d< 

Overseers 

Cutters 

Trimniei-8 

Pressera 

Basters, women 

Mftch'u-oper's, woniei 
PMnsh'rs.atbome.wnin 
Finisbers, shop, wm'n 
Finiabers, contr. w m'n 
F»ni8ber8,cnst'm, w mn 
P*nt8,Yeet, Cuat. Wrk 



19 55 
17 33 

17 4S\ 
17 77 
17 77 
10 00 
12 43 



10 67 
7 11 
7 It 

7 11 

8 00 
7 11 
7 11 



16 00 

8 89 



25 
7 2"i 
" .10 

6 30 

5 57, 

7 50 

7 13 

3 ,5i'' 

6 50 
10 50 

8 50 

4 70 
10 33 

4 ,3.-. 
3 00 

5 00 

9 00| 

10 75 

7 00 
7 50 

27 00 

11 00 
10 00 

7 0, 
3 7; 



^10 9; 

23 1! 

15 cr, 

12 Oi 

12 Oi; 
12 00 
10 25 
10 19 
12 00 
6 00 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Cotton Goods. 

Openers and Piekers. 

I Ho Boys. 

Strippers 

Stri).iHra & Grinders 

Grinders 

Krunio Tenders 

Drawers 



4 48 

4 50 

() 51 

3 48 

2 33 

2 70 

,3 50 

Overseers of Carding. 10 70 

"■"" " ' 12 00 



1 K:alway& Alley Bcjs 
jSlnbbers 



AVBRAQB WekklV WaOK, 

Gold Stanoakd. 



1660. 1872. 187 



14 7C 



1S81-2 



6 70 



10 50 
3 78 



4 20 



15 70 
14 50 
14 11 
13 70 



60 



10 



6 ^^^ 
3 CO 

00 



4 96 



14 4. 

12 1- 

i« m 

13 42, 



19 45 
13 92 
11 00 
9 17 
6 32 

5 53 
4 09 

4 56 

6 00 

5 58 



24 45 

19 85 
11 20 
10 0,". 

7 7: 
10 81 

4 74 



24 82 
16 00 
14 31 
10 28 
ti 46 

5 92 

3 40 

4 58 
3 50 
8 00 

6 90 



Section Hands.. 

I Second Hand.i 

31 76i Ov(-r,seers of Spinning 

6 60 Second Hands 

SeetionHands :. 

(H'neral Hands 

Yoiini: Persons 

6 60| Spare Hands 

Mule Spinners 

,Mule Spinners, wm'n, 
Mulo Spinners, bovs, 

liackBo^s 

Doliers 

Frame Spinners 

FianieSij'iirs. b's&g'.s 
Friinie Sjiinners, p\\» 
Fr«ini< ilpiiiners, boys 
Hiaiiie Spinner.s,w'iuii 
K iiii; Soiiiner.s, ovej-s'r 
i;in;iSpinneta, 2db'n(l 
Km.i;S;iinnei,ii,3diri,d 
Ki"}r Si>iniiers, girls. . 
I I>o s])arebrds. g'ls 
inoti'er.-!, boys & giils . 

Dofl'ers. Boy. a 2 

Fly&J'kl'V'niTndrsI 3 50 
Beel'g &Warp'g, ov'rs 
I Do second bands.. 
Do spare b'ds, gills 

Do spoolers 

Do do overseei-s 
' Do young persons 

Keelers 

iBeainers 

Warpers 

Dressers g 1915 4 

;Dressers' overseers. . . 21 yi 31 33 

[Sla.sher- tenders 

[Thread-dressera 

Drawers 

iDrawers. second h'licls 
jDrawers, sect'n h;inds 
Drawers, third liantls. 
[Drawers, room biuids.i 

Ouill-rs 2 71 3 68 

Twisters.-. 6 00 8 00 

Twisters, women 4 50 5 33 

Winders 

Winders, women 

Winders, overseers... 

Weavers 

Weavers, overseers. . 
1 iWeavers,8econd h'nds 
Weavers, sect n h'nds 7 74 10 67 
2S 33; Weavers, spate bauds 4 50 6 61 

19 811 Weavers, 4 looms 5 78 

18 69l Weavers, 5 looms 7 81 

14 70 Weavers, 6 looms 9 50 

8 00 Weavers, 8 looms 11 33 

9 47 liobbin-boya 4 00 

6 43} Clotbroom, overseers 18 10 14 67 
4 95 ClotbriH-ira, sec'd b'ds 7 17l 8 64 

I Cloth-room, men 5 44 8 16 

8 71j Cloth-room, wm.&b'ys 4 06 4 80 

8 64 Packing-room, g'sili'a 4 03 I 

' Dyers j 5 87| 8 93' 



23 16 et 



l.i 80 


18 62 


15 21 


10 15 


9 00 


9 69 


7 66 




5 71 




6 47 




5 37 




4 50 




6 02 




4 00 




6 37 




6 78 




7 00 




12 00 




7 50 




14 00 




5 00 





8 00 i3 80 

9 0o| 10 51 
6 61 
4 95 



2 70 
7 05 
16 05 
9 44 

4 S3 

5 21 

e'lo" 

'6'67' 

6 1.3 
10 28 
18 OC* 

760 

"6"49' 



6 65 



• WagM depend ou fiklll. TUero has b«.n no reduction In tb«M wagea. 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 



OCCLTATIOXS. 



Cotton Goods — Cont'd. 

Buudlers 

0\ ei sieis of Kcpairs. 

Mechanics 

Mechanics' Laborers. 

Engineer^ 

Fireiui'n 

Overseers of Yard 

Yard Hands 

"Watchmen 

Teamsters 



Average Weexly Wages, 
Gold Standard. 



18C0. 



Cutlery. 

Forgers 

Forgers' helpers. . . 

Grinders 

Sawyers 

Haft ers and Finish ers 
Hafters & Fin'rs boys 

Machinists 

Packers 

Iu.spectors 

Inspectors, women. . . 
Stampers, boy s & girls 

Men 

Women r 

Boys 

Laborers 



Dressmalcing. 



Managers 

Dressmakers. 



Envelopes. 

Cntters ■ 

Trimmers 

Folders, ■women 

Machine hands, -vvm'n 
Overseer of Ruling. . . 

Kulers, women 

Printers., 

Printers, women 

Box-makers, women. . 

Sewers, women 

Packei's 

General Help 

Laborers 

Foremen 



Qlass. 

Blowers 

Kiln-men 

Cutters 

Polishers 

Gatfers 

Servitors 

Foot-makers 

Pi e8.sers 

Gatherers 

Stickers-up .•. . 

Wa re -u heelers 

Engravers 

Mixers 

Men, not in doprtm'ts 

Boys 

Women and girls 

Hosiery. 
Overseer of Carding. . 
Young persons, card'g 
Overs'r, bl'digife dye'g 
Men, ble'ch'g & dye'g 
Overseer of Spinning. 
Mill & boys, spinniu}. 

Shiipcrs. .". 

I<"iiii.-.her8, wnien 

Cutters and himnlers 



1872. 1878. lSSl-2 



$6 00 
17 10 

8 35 
5 47 

9 00 
7 09 

11 56 

5 2-.J 

6 8.3 
5 40 



9 40 
6 00 

12 60 

8 25 

9 00 

3 00 
11 00 

5 75 
10 00 

6 50 
8 3 

13 60 
5 17 

4 53 

5 50 



9 94 
G 52 



19 50 

12 05 
7 75 
7 75 

18 00 
6 00 

11 00 

4 00 
9 00 

10 00 
10 50 

5 00 

6 00 
21 00 



|8 09 

17 3:i 

12 Ki 

8 72 



8 76 
10 6 



13 33 

7 11 



7 33 
6 



12 44 

13 33 

17 78 
16 00 
13 33 
13 33 
12 00 
10 07 

7 II 
9 n 

18 2J 
10 67 

3 56 

4 44 



20 00 

10 72 
C 94 

11 3 
8 33 

16 0.- 
6 32 
8 12 
8 01 



12 00 
6 00 

11 65 
9 00 
10 62 

3 30 
14 25 

6 00 
10 50 

7 50 
9 00 

13 60 

5 17 

4 53 

6 00 



12 19 
7 43 



16 50 
10 86 
6 75 
6 75 
15 00 
4 50 
9 00 

3 00 

8 00 

9 00 
9 75 

4 SO 
G 00 

21 00 



f S 27 

18 39 

13 M 

7 <i9 

17 7:> 

9 33 

17 87 

7 C9 

9 23 
9 31 



OCCUPATIONS. 



12 00 

10 50 
9 00 

12 Olt 
20 00 

13 no 

11 00 
13 00 

12 00 
8 00 
6 00 

12 00 
12 00 
10 50 
4 50 
4 00 



13 liO 

6 00 
16 62 

7 87 
13 .'■>0 

6 75 

7 50 
5 10 

8 40 



12 00 
11 86 



Hosiery — Cont'd. 

Winders 

Kiiilter.s 

Twisters 

Sewing-girls 

Menders 

Kotiiry-knitters, men 

Engineers 

Vard hands & watch'n 

Leather. 
Liners and Beamers 

lT;inners 

|Shavers 

iFinishprs 

Splitters 

JKuifo-meii 

iTable-nien 

Foremen 



AvBRiGE Weekly Waq*, 
Gold Standard^ 

1860.11872. 1 1878. 1 lS81-a 



Linen Goods. 

Hacklers 

Preparers 

Preparers, boys. . . 
Preparers, women. 
Preparers, girls... 

Bleachers 

Finishers 

Spinners 

Spinners, boys 

spinners, girls 

Spinners, women.. 

Spinners, men 

Kuffers 

Spoolers 

Warpers 

Dressers 

Winders 

Machine boys 

Mechanics 

Jute Qoods. 

Carders 

Weavers 

Rovers 

Drawers 

Feeders 

Bundlers 

Callenderers 

Katchers 

Shifters 

Piecera 

Bobbin. carriers ... 

Winders 

Reelers 

Oilers 

Yard hands 



7 50 

6 83 
9 00 

8 50 

14 25 
12 00 

7 00 

15 00 



5 

5 00 
2 62 
4 
2 60 

5 00 

6 00 



2 37 

4 00 
8 00 

5 00 
1 ;5 

4 50 

5 75 

3 25 
3 12 
8 Oo 



6 00 
6 85 

6 OOi 
i; Oft| 
5 70 

15 00 
12 00 

7 80 

11 on 

8 60 
15 00 
11 00 

10 00 16 00 
13 7713 50 
13 25 8 eo 
20 00 



18 50 
20 00 

15 00 

16 11 ^2IachincscCMachinery 
12 55 Pntteru Makers 

7 95 Iron Moulders 

8 71 iBra-s Moulders 

15 0(t !(%,roMirKers 

14 :« jl51:icksniillis 

10 91 T.UKksiiii I h's helpers 

4 76 Machinists 

5 UO Cleaners and Clippers 

jChuckers 

j Kill ers 

IT 10 Polishers 

4 57 Setters up 

21511 Hivet heaters, boys.. 

8 'IS Kiieters 

17 45 I Wood- workers 

7 8 jl'ainters 

7 hi Laborers 

5 70 j Watchmen 

6 161 'Teamsters 



$ 

5 68 
8 94 

6 00 
6 49 
i 96 

17 86 
17 U 

8 40 

9 Oft 

8 74 
11 75 
10 18 

17 ea 

14 15 
10 03 
36 67 



6 7.- 
6 15 
3 30 

5 45 
3 09 

6 80 

7 50 
5 18 
3 00 

3 00 

4 80 
11 40 

5 70 
1 80 
5 40 
7 50 
3 55 
3 90 

10 09 



6 57 6 00 

7 84 6 78 



5 73 

4 00 

5 78 

7 5<i 

8 89 

6 22 
3 33 
3 56 

6 67 
3 52 

7 11 
6 82 



11 50 

9 50 
10 00 

5 00 
9 15 
G 50 
9 64 
(J 00 
G 75 
8 83 

8 00 

10 00 
4 00 

9 f.O 
9 16 
G 00 
G 00 
7 00 
7 50 



3 90 

4 20 

5 40 

4 50 

7 02 

5 70 

2 40 

aOo 

5 10 

3 00 

4 eo 

6 .'SO 

8 10 



CO 15 24 
67112 30 

67 13 2, 
G OO 
00 12 1 
21) 7 "it) 
40^13 
I 7 .")0 

40 lb CI 
9 7.- 
80 1 12 00 
5 00 
12 00 
10 3' 

8 110 
7 2 

9 00' 
10 00 



8 53 



18 10 

16 40 
In 75 

6 28 
15 76 
111 29 

17 09 
8 64 

11 83 

12 82 

8 59 

13 38 
6 64 

13 0& 

14 60 
12 23 

9 15 
12 21 
11 80 



"98 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Matches. 

Men 

Women 

■Girls 

Boys 

■ MetalsdMetallicGooda 

Hammers-men 

Heaters 

Kellers 

Puddlers 

Shiiiglers 

Helpers 

Wire-drawers 

Aiinealers & Cleaners 

Ruffers 

Finishers 

Uilloters 

Stockers 

Reelers 

Strikers-in 

Brick-masons 

Biick-masons' helpers 

Sinkers 

Sinkers' helpers 

Machinists 

■laborers 

.lIVlst£-2Ietl'cG'ds, Fine 

"Wood- workers 

Women 

Men 

Boj'8 and Girls 

Moulders 

Gold-workers 

Steel-workers 

Metal-workers 

Watchmen 

Engineers. 

Millinery. 

Managers 

Milliners 

Musical Instruments. 

Case Makers 

Yarnishers 

Finishers 

Mill-men 

Action-Makers 

Action-makera, Wrm'ii 

Tuners 

Laldorers 

Pain til. 

Foremen 

Mixers and Oriwlen. 
Boya 

Fap«r. 

Foremen 

Millwtigbto 

Bag-en^Be teoden. . . 
Paper-machine teod'n 
Threaher-women. . . 

Eag-cutters 

Finishers 

Finishers, eirls 

Finishers, bovs, 

Finitiheis' helpers. . 

Cotters 

Catters, gii la 

Bleachers 

Bag-sortera 

Mtr on Stock 

Mechanics 

Eii.i^iiiefi s & Firemen 
SjaBorer.-^ 



Average Weekly W.\gks, 
Gold St.^ndard, 



IKIJO. 1872. 1878. i88i_2 



$10 85 
6 35 



9 00 
4 50 

7 50 
3 75 

8 50 
15 00 
10 50 

7 00 
7 50 
10 50 



7 S4 
5 T2 



13 50 

7 85 

10 85 

12 38 

13 67 
,6 72 
16 40 

7 17 



15 00 
793 
3 91 

16 63 

96A 
7 90 
10 00 
S 70 

7 50 
7 70 
3 92 
5 50 

5 60 
C 90 
3 40 

6 70 
3 27 
588 
9 75 
C 64 
5 50 



116 00 
4 00 
4 00 



21 23 
10 67 
24 00 
24 00 



13 33 
7 11 



10 00 

16 00 
14 67 

16 00 

8 89 

11 33 

6 93 



8 
533 
889 
4 00 
9 33 

10 S3 

8 33 



10 50 
4 00 
3 00 
3 50 



12 00 
23 40 

13 80 

18 00 

19 50 
12 75 
12 75 

9 90 

21 60 
27 00 

9 60 

9 60 
10 80 

8 10 
18 00 

7 95 

22 50 
12 00 

14 42 
7 38 



) 50 
; 00 
I 50 
\ 65 
. 75 

; 00 

, 00 

: 00 

57 

. 00 



t 

io 12 
14 46 
14 19 

14 09 
7 11 

15 00 
7 70 



|18 00 

2T 7T 

16 40 

20 91 

22 94 

12 00 

10 5(1 

8 40 

15 00 
2S 87 

8 S(i 

8 80 

9 (Ml 

8 oS 

16 50 

9 ■-'■, 
19 (18 
12 (ti 
16 C 

8 11 



12 r. 

6 C. 

11 ;j8 
4 T!i 

12 97 
19 21) 
14 71 
U 46 
U (l(i 
16 00 



14 68 

17 00 
12 25 
12 87 
14 00 

T 60 
SI S6 

• 4S 



18 50 
10 46 

5 41 

86 49 
15 81 
10 41 
15 85 
740 
640 
10 80 
587 
7 00 
787 
795 
500 

7 56 
4 53 

6 57 
13 SO 

8 77 
6 55 



86 25 

14 47 

10 iiO 

15 5(1 
7 5i> 

6 Tf 
12 3: 

7 bi 
7 8" 

10 6( 



4 91 

8 1'- 
14 6'. 

10 4!^ 

7 SS 



OCCUPATIONS. 



1 1 'reserved Meats-, 
\ Fruits and Pickles. 

Men 

iWomen and Girls 

Printing. 

;Job Compositors 

Job Compositors 

Proof-readers 

Proof-readers, women 

Job Pressmen 

Job Pressmen 

Nows-work 

Press Feeders 

Pre.ss Feeders 

Press Feeders, wom'n 

iConipositors, daily 

Proof Readers 

Pressmen, daily 

Book Compositors 

Book Comps., women. 

I Rubber Goods, 

j Elastic Fabrics. 

Rubber-workers 

[Rubber- work er9,wmu 
Overseer of Weavers. 

jWeavers, women 

Dyers 

jDyers, Foremen 

Sewing girl.s 

jOverseer of Spoolers. 

'Spoolers, men 

Spoolers, women 

Overseer, Leather w'k 
Men on Leather work 
Boys on Leather work 
Quilleis, boys & girls. 
Wood-workers 



j Safes. 

Safe Makers.. 

Painters 

Helpers 



I Sh^p-B^lilding. 
,Caipenter.<<, old work, 
Carpenter.^, new work 

Calkers, old work 

Calkers, new work. .. 

Joiners, old work 

Joiners, new work. . . . 

iPainters 

Riggers 

Blacksmiths 

} Silk. 

Winders 

Doublers 

Spinners 

Spoolers and Skeuiers 

Dyers 

Silk Cleaners 

Watchmen 

Machinists 

Engineers & Firemen 

Soap and Candles. 

Men 

Caudle Makers 

I Stone. 

?uarrvmen 
aviiiji-cuttera 

j8t one-cutters 

jPoUsliers 

iBlack^niths. 

;Team»stera 

Laborers 



Atbragb Wbkklt Wagh 
Gold Standard. 



1860. 



1872. 1878. 1881-2 



U 67 12 67 
5 00 4 44 



10 60 
10 33 

6 28 



12 30 
4 05 



14 1 

15 47 
20 09 

11 

12 60 

16 53 
15 11 

6 40 

6 38 

5 80 

18 2f 

25 26 

55 18 11 

22 12 87 

11 7 22 



12 00 
5 55 
15 00 

5 40 

7 87 
18 00 

6 30 

15 00 

8 75 
4 75 

16 50 
8 40 
4 37 
2 75 

14 25 



15 33 



24 00 21 
21 00 16 



27 00 
24 00 
22 50 
21 00 
18 00 
15 00 
15 00 



12 67 
U 11 
7 56 



9 00 

7 50 
12 00 
10 50 
12 00 

9 00 
12 00 
15 00 

9 75 



5 40 

5 40 

6 75 
5 70 

10 50 
3 60 
13 00 
15 00 
10 50 



9 47 

11 00 

6 80 
6 75 

12 00 
9 00 

10 50 
9 75 
6 00 



1« 00 
16 00 

21 81 
9 33 

14 D^^ 

16fii 
11 37 



8 58 
20 00 



18 n 

13 00 
900 



8 99 
654 

30 05 
7 48 

9 42 
16 00 

6 43 
11 38 
9 00 
6 42 
1-3 59 
T 88 
3 00 
3 46 
15 60 



? 09 

a 00 

14 25 

10 00 

r,i '10 
:o (10 

1 :-0 



THE LABOR QWESTIOX. 



99 



OCCUPATIONS. 



Straw Goods. 

Eleachtrs 

Bl(x;k<M8 

Pi es.-'ers 

J'acker 

MachinoSpwers. . . 
rinstir-Block makers 

Whittlers 

Meuders 

Tippers 

Trimmers 

Wirers. 

Biaid-winders. 

Machinists 



Atbragf; Wbkklt Wages, 
Gold SrAND.vRrv. 



1860.11872. 1878. I1S81-2 



Tobacco. 

Strippers 

Cipar-makers 

Cigar-makers, women 
Packers 



Type. 

Casters 

Dressers 

Not designated. 

Knbbtrs 

Setters ;. 

Breakers 



Woollen Goods. 

"Wool-sorters 

Washers & Scourers 

Dyers 

Dryf TS 

Young Person s 

Dyers and Scourers. 

Washers 

Dyers and Dryers. . . 

W'sh'rs, Sronr's, Dry's 

Dryers and Pickers. 

Scourers 

Carders 

Carders, ■women 

Carders, wra'n.b'ys, els 

Carder.s, young pers'ns 

Carders, hoys & girls 

Carders, overseers. . . 

Strij)pei s 

Strippers, boys 

Strippers, boys& girls 

Spinners 

Spinners, boys ... 

Spinners, wonien. . 

Spinners, y'ng persons 

Jack-spinners 

Jack-spinners, boys.. 
Jackspn'rs.y'ngper's 

Spoolers, women 

Spoolers, girls 

Spoolers , worn 'n &girl8 
Dressers and Warpers 
Dres'rs&Wrp'rs.wmn 

Dressers 

Dressers, men 

Weavers 

Weavers, men 

Weaver.s, women 

Weaver.s, men&wm'n 

Fu'ler-s 

Shearers 



|4 50 
12 00 
7 50 
16 00 



16 70 

17 64 

18 00 



98 
5 48 
5 72 
5 68 

5 00 
4 27 

6 33 

4 90 

5 50 
4 50 

4 50 

5 32 

3 74 

4 00 
4 00 

2 62 
12 00 

4 97 

3 30 

2 70 

6 79 

3 CO 

4 75 
4 00 
6 41 

2 71 

3 50 
4 

3 37 
2 40 

6 48 

4 61 

7 00 
9 00 

5 50 
7 50 
5 25 
5 55 
5 23 
5 40 



$0 66 
16 00 



16 00 
22 00 



9 50 

8 00 
7 95 
7 13 



7 30 
4 92 



6 85 
4 



9 49 



7 47 
7 41 



9 00 
12 00 
12 00 
12 00 

10 50 

11 25 
18 00 

7 50 
9 00 
9 00 

10 50 
9 00 

18 00 



7 80 
12 75 

9 00 
18 00 



18 56 

19 60 

20 00 

7 27 
5 89 
4 84 



8 50 
6 66 
6 66 
6 12 
6 00 
6 50 
8 15 

6 90 

7 12 
6 00 

5 75 

6 19 
4 54 
4 93 
4 50 
4 00 

18 00 

6 19 
4 25 
3 00 

7 64 

3 00 

6 15 

4 50 

8 01 

3 91 

5 00 

5 64 

4 22' 
4 60 

7 68 

6 73 

9 18 
12 75 

7 00 
9 50 

6 95 

7 15 
6 89 
6 60 



$9 00 
12 00 
12 00 
10 50 
9 (0 
10 I-' 
IS (II 
9 1)1 
9 01 
9 00 
9 C'J 



18 GO 



9 43 

8 84 
7 81 
6 84 

6 12 

7 01 

7 SO 



OCCUPATIONS. 



i AVBR^OK \V?EKT,T WAGK, 

G"LdStaxoard. 
FseO.! 18-:2. 1878.!lS3l-9 



Woollen Coods-Cont'd; $ $ 



Shearers, men & boys 
Sheaiers, men &wm'n 

Shearers, boys 

Fuileis, giggers, and 

Shearers 

Giggers 

Burlers 

Bui lers, women 

Burlers, girls 

Finishers 

Finishers, women 

Packer.'* 

Packers, women 

Mechanics 

Boys and girls 

Pressmen 

Section hands 

jFiremen 

Engineers &. firemen 

Laborers 

Watchmen 

Teamsters 



Ensineers. 



5 00 |6 33 
5 26 
4 00 



5 28 
5 04 
5 08 
3 81 
3 00 
f, 04 
3 08 

5 00 
3 78 

8 90 
3 05 

6 50 

7 33 

6 5t 

9 00 
5 44 

7 08 
7 50 

12 00 



7 20 
7 61 

6 25 
4 98 

7 08 
4 91 

8 OO 
6 1 

12 47 



CSS 

7 07 

8 12 
5 39 

'4' 53 
4 46 
16 83 

1 57 
4 82 



9 05 
4 81 

6 18 
4 92 

7 04 
4 50 

"i 70 

8 09 
4 40 
8 64 



'io 06 


8 53 
1 45 



7 35 

8 05 



I Wool Hats. 
jCarders 

Carders, boys 

Carders, foremen.. 
Carders, second hands 

Dyers, first grade 

iDyers. men 

[Hardeners, foremen.. 

[Hardeners, men 

JHardeuers, boys 

'Machine girls 

JTrimmers, women 

Carpen ters 

Blockers 

Block trs, overseers... 

[Finishers 

Plankers 

iPlankers, foremen 

Planker.i, secnd h'nds 
'Flankers, boys 

Worsted Goods. 

Wool-Sorters 

[Wool Washers 

Wool -Preparers... 

[Wool-Combers 

I Wool- Finishers . . . 

Drawers 

Roping tenders ... 

'Spinners 

IDoffers 

Bobbin-setters 

Dyers 

iDressera 

iTwisters 

Drawers-in 

Sleyers 

IWeavers 

iSertion hands 

iFilling-tenders 

iBurlers 

Finishers 

iCrabbers 

iDriers 



10 94 
5 33 



7 00 
6 00 
6 00 
5 75 

4 70 

5 80 
4 00 
4 80 
3 00 
3 00 

6 00 

12 00 

13 00 
6 75 

3 00 
6 50 
9 00 

4 00 
4 20 
6 50 
6 50 
6 80 



5 61 

6 60 

5 40 

6 75 

5 90 

6 34 
4 59 

3 25 

7 08 

4 95 
7 23 

5 23 
12 33 

3 50 
7 50 
9 33 
8 
10 50 

6 69 
9 41 
9 00 

18 00 



% 29 



7 09 
5 09 
5 73 

3 75 
7 58 
5 85 
7 71 

4 89 
13 43 



7 68 
12 15 
7 97 
11 07 
3 58 
9 6S 
964 



14 40 



17 33 
10 22 



10 66 

3 70 
21 00 

9 00 
12 66 

9 00 
10 50 

9 00 

6 00] 
12 00 

7 50 
15 00 

9 S3 
21 00 
15 00 

9 50 
21 00 

7 50 

6 00 



* Indicates decrease in wages. = Ko change in wages. Blanks, wages not obtained. 

LIVING EXPENSES. 
The above result concerning wa^es being arrived at, the subject of the cost of 
'iviug becomes an interesting question. We present a table showing the prices of 



100 



THU LABOR QUHSTION. 



groceries, provisions, fuel, dry goods, boota, rent, aod board, for 1860, 1812, 1878 

and 1881-2, 



Quantities 



Barrel 

Bari'el 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Quart 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Gallon 

Gallon.. .. 
Gallon... 
Pound... . 
Pound. ... 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Ponnd 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

■Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Pound 

Bushel 

Suart 
ozen 



Ton. 
Cord 
Cord 

Yard 
Yard 
Yard 
Yard 
Yard 
Yard 
Yard 
Yard 

Pair. 



Month . . . 
Month . . . 



"Week. 
Week. 



ARTICLES. 



Grocekies. 
Flour, Wheat, superfine. 
Flour, Wheat, family.... 

Flour, Eye 

Corn Meal 

Codfish, dry 

Rice 

Beans 

Tea, Oolong 

Coftee, Rio, green 

Coflee, roasted 

Sugar, good brown 

Su}iar, cofiee 

Sugar, granulated 

M lasses, New Orleans.. 

Molasses, Porto Rico 

Syrup 

Soap, common 

Starch 

Provisions. 

Beef, roasting 

Beef, soup 

Beef, rump steak 

Beef, corned 

Veal, fore-quarter 

Veal, hind-quarter 

Veal, cutlets 

Mutton, fore-quarter 

Mutton, leg 

Mutton Chops 

Pork, fresh 

Pork, salted 

Hams, smoked 

Shoulders, corned 

Sausages 

Lard 

Mackerel, pickled 

B« tter , 

Cheese 

Potatoes , 

Milk 

Eggs : , 

FlTEL. 

Coal 

Wood, hard 

Wood, pine : 

Dry Goods. 

Shirting, 4-4 brown 

Shirting, 4 4 bleached 

Sheeting, 9-8 brown 

Sheeting, 9-8 bleached... 

Cotton Flannel 

Tieking , 

Prints , 

Satinet , 

Boots. 
Men's heavy 

Rents. 

Four-rooms tenement 

Six rooms tenement 

Board. 

Men 

Women 



Average Retail Prices, 
Standard Gold. 



$7 61 

1 14 

3 

2 

5 

7 

8 

54 

21 

23 

8 

9 

50 
57 
63 
8 
11 



11 

4 
14 

6 

7 
11 
14 

7 
13 
13 
11 
11 
13 

8 
11 
13 

9 
21 
13 
59 

4 
20 



6 40 
6 49 
4 42 



2 75 



4 45 

7 54 



2 79 
1 79 



$10 75 

12 75 

3 

1 

8 

11 

9 

69 

34 

42 

10 

10 

13 

70 

76 

75 



19 
7 
29 
10 
10 
17 
28 
10 
19 
15 
12 
11 
13 
10 
12 
12 
13 
S9 
17 
1 02 
8 
30 



9 25 

10 12 
7 00 



3 94 



14 75 
16 00 



5 62 
3 75 



1878. 



$8 63 
7 96 



10 
57 
68 

86 
7>^ 



14 

6 
20Ji 

8 

lOJf 
155i 
20 
103^ 
17X 
18>^ 
10 

i>}4 

25 )i 
123i 
»7M 
6X 
25 



6 45 
6 74 
5 04 



9 

n% 



5 55 
9 43 



4 19 
2 63 



1883« 



$9 9i;,( 

8 57 

9% 
133^ 
68 
18)^ 
283i 

9^ 
10 
11 

663^ 
623^ 
16% 

6X 

9« 



IT 

203i 

nx 

153i 
20 
ll3tf 
163i 



18 

13i^ 

153i 

12 

133^ 



84?i 
6 



T88Ji 
8 96?^ 
709 



8% 
11 

1034 
M% 
16 
16% 

731 



8 18'a 



7 99 
12 26 



475 
3 00 



Decrease. AU the rest Increase in cost. 



101 
ADVICE TO THOSE SEEKING NEW HOMES. 



«' GO WEST, YOUNG MAN."— Horaw Greeley. 
For soiiie years after the late civil war, emigration from Europe increased and 
the average number of arrivals of immigrants, for the port ot New York alone, fof 
SrnTne?earrib65-1873, both inclusive, -- 240,000 But m 1874 there -s^ 
sudden reduction in the number of i^rrivalss falling off fx^m 266 ttl8 in 18 /3t^ 
104 041 in 1874; 84,560 in 1H75; 68,264 m 1876, and 54.536 m l^'^' /"A^l^q^f, 
trade beean to rise kgain-75,347 coming to the port of New York, and 138,469 at 
fu poinS it Zuld be said,' also, that I larger ^^^.ber than formerly came xnto 
the country by wav of the Dominion of Canada, and other Atlantc and Pacilio 
ports In a l^about 4,612,000 immigrants have arrived in this country smce 186L 
The mst falling off in immigration was dua to several causes; the depression in 
Liness and finances%hich had lasted from 1873 to 1878 had caused many busi- 
ness failures and the'reduction in values, a necessary prelude to resumption had 
SstmraTyzed manufacturing. Our immense agricultural crops were sold at very 
?ow prices because there was not, until 1877 and 1878, a large demand for them 
f^m Earo'pe thTcereals of Southern Russia being marketed at a lower price-and 
he^roSSn was too great for the consumption of t^e home market Meanwhile 
thfi demand for labor at remunerative prices was, until Ibil, tttkmg all tnmgs into 
Scoun^ better in Europe than here-and the number of emigrants who returned 
rthe?rhomesVn Europe was greater than at any previous period As our con- 
Storbegrto improvl, and bLiness grew more brisk, and.manufacto^^^^^^ 
here, the state (rf- affairs in Europe became rapidly worse; in GieatBiutan the in- 
debtedness in India was crushing the wealthy farms engaged m that tiade , the 
dmandSr "heir manufactures Irom this country and other countries was^rapi^^^^ 
diminishing and, to a large extent, our goods were taking their place. 1 heie was 
mUe demand except from India, which could not pay, for British iron and steel: 
SiuS?l¥anceaJd Germany ^ere underbidding English iron masters on theiJ 
own soil The goods of Manchester and Sheffield remamed on their shelves, and 
American goods of better quality were offered in those cities at lov er prices. The 
faUuii o?the £nk of the City of Glasgow in October, 1878, of the West o England 
Bnk in December, and of one or two smaller institutions subsequently caused 
STat numbers of failures; and the extensiNe strikes which followed the attempt of 
SrmWacturers, shipbuilders and mme owners to '^^'^'^^^^J'Yfhe'mrt o? he 
general gloom. While this reduction was a matter of necessity on the part ot the 
Srilst it bore with great severity on the working cl-«--^^^h-, jn add.uon 
to this the government was carrying on war m Afghanistan and m Zululand, and 
h!ad accepted heavy respousibilitiesln Asia Minor, Cyprus and Egypt involving 
x^ncreased taxation, and India was hopelessly in debt, there was great room tor 
apprehension, and the tendency to emigration is a natural consequence of that 

^TnS Continent the condition of things was not much better. Germany Italy, 
Spain and Franco were in a condition of upheaval. Socialism on the one side and 
Ul?ra-montanism on the other, are threatening the peace of all four, ^^ ^ttempts 
at repression only aggravate the difficulty. Russia is permeated by Nihihsm, the 
worst form of socialism, becauseit is only destructive, ^.ath no desire or intentiou 
of reconstruction. Turkey is in a deplorable state, but her people do not migrate 
westXr From the othe? countries named, as well as from the Scandinavian 
States, the probabilities are strong of a greater immigration t« this^country than we 
have ever seen. Neither Canada nor Australasia offer any such ^-^^ue^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
mdustrious and peace-loving immigrants as we can offer-and we shall, unquestion- 
ably, receive the larger portion of them. ,,-,.. ii „a.^ o^o ir. 
Let us, then, give some friendly and disinterested advice to those yl^oa^e in- 
tending to come and make their homes in our country. We are not if erected m 
any land scheme-any railroad or transportation company; ^^^ ^^^^ J^o* citizens ot 
..ny of the so-called land States or Territories, and do not own an ;}'^^^ ^f ^f ^^^^^^j^^y 
one of them; we are simply intelligent citizens of the United states patriotic 
enough to desire the growth and prosperity of our conn ry^ ^|\^\;t«^f* fJ^'^X^ 
honest, upright, law-abiding, industrious citizens, who will build up for themselves 
and their children homes here in which they may enjoy long lile and prosperity. 



105 SEEKING NEW HOMES. 

V 

We have taken the utmost paius to obtain the most thorough information possi- 
ble in regard to the dUierent states and Territories which are inviting immigration* 
and v.'hat we have to say here, will be found to be entirely true, and without any 
coloring of personal interest. 

But it is not nloue for European emigrants that we have collected this informa- 
tion. Since 1S73 more than two million American citizens have migrated from the 
Eastern States to the States and Territories Mest ot the Mississippi ; and perhaps 
as many more, most of them mechanics and young farmers, though including also 
other professions and trades, are fully determined to go within the next year or two. 
We would not seek to detain them at the East, for there is a grand field for devel- 
opment in the West, and the greater the number of iutelligeut, industrious and 
patriotic American citizens who shall settle its vast prairies and carry thither the 
religious, literary and political institutions which have caused the East to prosper 
in the past, the stronger will be the guaranty of the perpetuity of our Union with 
its noble heritage of free institutions. 

To both classes, then — the emigrants from foreign lands and our own sons, 
brothers and friends — who are setting their faces westward, we would address our . 
counsels. 

1. We would say, first, to all intending emigrants, whether from our own or foreign 
countries, do not go West without some ready money beyond your tiuvelliug ex- 
penses, and the amount necessary to secure your lands. If yoii are intending to be 
farmers, you will need money to stock your farm, to buy seed and food for your 
stock, and to support your familj' uutil you can realize on yottr first crop. The 
emigrant who is thus unprovided will fare hard in a new country, though the settlers 
there are as generous and helpful as they can be. The larger the amoimt of ready 
money an emigrant can command, the more eitsily and pleasantly will he be situated. 
The building of a rude house, and fvu-uishing it in the plainest way, will consume 
considerable money — and the first breaking up of his land, the necessary agricul- 
tural implements and machines, and the hire of help in jratting in his crops, aside 
from the cost of stock and fodder, will add to his early expenses. The man who 
can go to any of the western States or Territories and take up a farm and have on 
hand, after paj-ing the necessary fees and land expenses, $1,000 (_£200), will have 
a very comfortable time, and will, under ordinary circumstances, be well situated 
for the future. The man who has a much smaller sum will find that he has many 
hardships to undergo, and Avill do bett-er to seek employment as a hired laborer for 
the first year, pui-chasing his l:\nd meanwhile, and if possible, getting in a crop. 

The mechanic or operative who goes West for a home also needs capital , though 
perhaps not as much, if his calling is one of those which are indispensable in a new 
country. A good carpenter, mason, blacksmith, miller, sawyer, stone-cutter, brick- 
maker, painter and glazier will be reasonably sure of remunerative work very soon; 
but two or three hundred dollars at least, and as much more as they can command, 
will be needed. For professional men there may be a longer waiting required. The 
clergyman may have a congregation to preach to, but the salary he will receive 
from them at first will be vei-y small, and unless he can derive at least a part of his 
salary from other som-ces, he* will be very sure to sufl'er. The physician will find 
his services in demand but his fees will, many of them, be collected with diffictdty. 
The lawyer may have to wait long for business, but will generally manage to get Lis 
pay for his services. The editor, the artist, the bookseller, and the dealers in lux- 
uries generally must wait till society reaches its second stage of development. 

2. Be deliberate in the choice of a location, and do not decide until you have 
carefully weighed all the advantages and disa Ivantages of each. It is our purpose 
to set these before you so fully and fairly as to aid you in this matter. 

It is not necessary to go to the West in order to find land at a reasonable price, 
in good and healthy locations, and within moderate distance of a good market. 
There are large tracts in ilaine of very fair land, with ready access by river or rail- 
road to good, though not large , markets. The soil is not as rich as that at the West, 
and the \viuters are long and cold ; the climate is healthy, except a strong tendency 
to pulmonary consumption, which is the scourge of most cold climates on the sea- 
board; but these lands compare Aery well with the new Canadian lands, and are 
more accessible to markets. Wheat, rye and barley can be grown to advantage, 
but the summers are not generally long enough for Indian corn, though a very large 
business is done at Saco, Biddoford, <\:o., in canning the green corn for consump- 
tion. The long winters make the roaring of cattle and she- p less profitable than in 
southern regions. The other Kew England States have but little land which, at th»- 
prices at which it woK'ld be sold, would be attractive to emigrants. 



SEEKING NEW HOMES. 



103: 



The State of New York has much desirable land for settlers. The eastern two- 
thirds of LonJ Island has a light,friable soil, easily cultivated, inclined to oe sandy 
but ylldinrvery large crops when properly manured, with abundant manures, and 
r i roS Ss Rmog it speedy access to the New York and Brooklyn n.arkets, the 
b"st on the Continent. The whoh, island might and should be covei^d with market 
wardens and flower gardens. Much ot this land is purchasable at Irom three to 
S doners an acre, and for market gardening from 10 to 20 -^^^^f^^)^^ 
climate is mild and healthful, and the prompt returns lor labor suie It '^ neces 
UT tliat the settler should know something of the busmess ot "''-".^f «;^j;^|""'?^ 
but this is as easily acquired as any other agricultural business. The Island is m 
i^8 greatSt TcS^ lung, and from 7 to 15 miles broad. The ciifiiculties 

n le-aid to thts region in the ptst have been due to the want ot good railroad 
communication; but these have now disappeared, and the ^Ir"''^'^^ ,^;^jl^""";gy 
from year to year. Within tea Toars these lands will increase in value, certainly 
tive fold and possibly ten fold. -There are extensive tracts of land m eastern Ne^; 
Jersey tS might ilso bo easily transformed into rich market gardens, as some oC 
thSave already been. But to return to New York. In the northern part of th.«- 
SaSrhlroisay^Lttract known as the John Brown Tract, covering he greaer- 
mrt of several large counties, of excellent larming lands, much of it lo est with 
numerous lakes and streams-valuable laud for grain crops, especially wheat, bar- 
ley ?ye?oa« and buckwheat, and much of.it excellent f^'^azing land. J ^as b^n 
proposed to set it apart as a public park with a view to the utilization of ts lakes 
and streams for the supply of the canals and the upper waters of the Hudson 
There are^-ailrnads and navigable streams on all sides of this vast ti-act, but as yet 
nSlroad tlroigh it, though this difficulty would be readily overcome it it were 
?awj opened for settlement." All the cereals except Indian corn could V)e produced 
abundantly. There is much wild game in the tract, deer especially, and leathered 
game of all sorts, and delicious fish in great abundance. There are some bears, 
catamounts, l^xes, badgers, and many foxes woodchucKS, rabbits, squirrels &c. 
&c The ma^ets are Ogdensburgh, Oswego, Watertown, Rome, Utica, Lntle Falls, 
Schenectady and Albany . Land can be purchased at Irom 50 cents to $o P ;r acre 
Pennsylvania has, near the centre of the State, a similar tract ot desirable though 

""iSJt^pTrhaps^^n" some respects, the most desirable region for some classes of 
.immlgnmts Lid settlers is to be found in West Virginia. The region is hilly and 
narta of it too mountainous for cultivation, but wherever it can be cultivated 
the soil is rich and productive. The whole region abounds m valuable timber- 
black walnut, oak, ash, beech, hickory, chestnut, and other hard woods with a fair 
proportion of hemlock and pine. These command high prices at markets readily 
accessible. Its mineral wealth of coal, of the best quality, petmleum, salt, lime. 
Sta, Ac. , is incxhaustible-and the markets of Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Richmond. 
Norfolk and Baltimore are easily accessible from nearly all points of the State. 
Three railroads cross the State, one at its northern border one at its Bouthern, and 
one nearly through the centre. The Ohio River also skirts the border of the State 
on the north-w<^st and is navigable for large steamers. The climat^ is excel ent Land 
can be purchased in this State at from $3 to $10 per a«e, and tracts not so desira- 
ble at lower prices. The Governor of tho State will lumish all the information 

"In'the southern Atlantic States there is a fine climate, though the «=>«'" Z*^* 
somewhat sickly, especially for e nigrants from "7,^^^™ "^^^tf^^Tr^asl Ire 
the northern States; but the higher land., 60 tolOO m.les ^^^^H from tl>e coast, are 
healthy, and the land is good, though n<,t excessively rich and is offered at leas i- 
able prices. These States now offer inducen,eirt,s, to settlers in search of and 
climate and semi-tropical fruits and products, equa to most of the Y';^,^" ^^^ \"- 
Florida has been an exception to the other States m the past ^-om its ^^y^)^j^^y 
healthful climate, its large production of oranges lemons and figs, ""'l^ayy l'^" ^ 
and vegetables, and it is now growing rapidly by immigration, largely fiom tlie. 

°°ThTGid?and lower Mississippi States, Alabnma, Mississippi, Louisiana, anji 
Arkansas are not yet, for a variety of reasons, receiving lar-e "^cessions o imnii- 
grants. Where cotton or sn;ar are the lea iin:, fro|r., a Ion- apprenticeshi and 
considerable capital is required to mike their cultivation profi able; tne lo viands 
are somewhat unhealthy, and the hi-her lands not always very fertile. 1'"™;^?"°;.^ 
are now as cordially received there as anywhere ia the Union. Arkansas, especia > 
is desirable m its higher lands for the cuUivation of corn and other grains and hxuis» 



104 SSIIEIXO NEW HOMES. 

and possesses large mineral wealth, which only awaits development. Its mineral 
springs, especially the " Hot Springs," have a high reputation for the euro of 
rheumatic and gouty diseases, 

Texas has, siace IS'ZO, been a favorite resort for those emigrants who desire a 
warm climate. The interior of the State is heultliy, and for rearing cattle, sheep 
and horses, its advantages are superior to those of nu)3t other States. Tiie lands in 
eastern and middle Texas are very fertile and yield immense crops of Indian corn, 
sorghum, sugar-cane, cotton, rice and tobacco. Western and north-western Trxas 
have less rainfall and are better adapted to grazing. The N, AV. Texas lands were 
formerly considered too dry even for cattle and sheep ranelies, but vnst tracts there 
liavo recently been purchased by capitalists, who have sold them to an English 
syndicate, and they are now being fenced, and artificial irrigation by canals, ditches, 
and artesian wells established, Tliey will ]>rove, eventually, very valualjlo for graz- 
ing lands. Central Texas has extensive timber lands. The titles to the lands are 
generally good, a\id have passed through sofowhundsas not to invol vo long searches 
and law suits. Very little good land can now be obtained lower than from $3 to $6 
per acre. Texas has grown far more rapidly from immigration since 1870, than any 
other southern or sonth-western State. The va-^t network of railways now completed 
and in progress in the SLate, connecting it wit!» Mexico, Now Mexico, Arizona, Cali- 
fornia and the Indinn Territory, as well as with nil points north and west, are aiding 
rapidly in developing Texas. It has al^o great mineral weaUh, 

Tennessee (Kast Tennessee in partie\ilar) has much desirable land. Tho valleys 
along the Api>alachian chain, in eastern Kentneky and 'i'ennessce, extending into 
northern Georgia and Alabama, have a deliglilfid climate, great mineral wealth, and 
much valuable timber, and in many places a fertile soil. For capitalists, miners, 
workers in iron, copper or zinc, colliers, and the mechanical trades generally, this 
region gives excellent promise of obtaining a competence. East Tennessee raises 
very little cotton, but lari;e quantities of food products. It is travci'scd by several 
railways, and has for its markets Cincinnati, Chattanooga, Charleston and Savannah. 

Middle Tennessee has much desirable land for settlors, and it is offered at low 
prices. Middle and western Tennessee ]ir()duee large quantities of cotton. Indian 
corn, sorghum, wheat, barley and oats. Pea nuts are also a favorite and proiitable 
crop. 

Missouri has many tracts of land snited for immigrants, and her board of emi- 
gration are making great efforts to facilitate their coming. Some cotton, but more 
grnin, especially Indian corn, sorghum, hemp and tobacco are raised, and the culture 
of the vine is beooming extensive. St. Louis and tlio otber large cities of the State 
offer am])le and steady employment to .irlis ins and machinists. The State is rich ia 
TCincs of iron, lead, copper, zinc and coal, and miners are generally in demand. 

In Indiana, Illinois and Iowa there are no very desirable lands belonging to the 
United States Government, and certivinly none which could be taken \iuder the 
Homestead, Pre-emption or Timber Culture laws— and very little in Wisconsin. 
The Illinois Central R. E., Chicago &. North Western, Chicago, llock Island .t 
Pacific, Burlington AMissouri River, and Sl veral others have laud grants and will 
sell ulteruate Kectious to settlers at from $0 to $10 per acre. These lands being on 
tiunk railroad lines are, in many cases, desirable as investments. 

But in tho States of Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado, east of the 
Sierra Nevada, and the Territories of Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Utah, 
New Mexico and Arizona, there are still very consid'erable quantities of government 
lands; though in oai'h of tho States and in the Territories of Wyoming, Utah and 
New Mexico, there have been largo grants to railroads. 

Of these States and Teiritories some are more desirable than others, though all 
have their advantages and disadvantages. Minnesota has a fertile soil, great enter- 
prise, and a magnilicent future. The climate in winter is cold, but dry and uniform ; 
in summer it ia delightful. The western portion of the State, -which forms a part 
of the valley of the Red River of the North, is tho best laud for Spring wheat in the 
United States, and tho larger portion of tho IMinnesota wheat, which has a world- 
wide reputation, is raised there. This region is atiractiug great nundurs of immi- 
pniuts, and is traversed by several railroads — the Northern Pacific, and the railroad 
now building through the Red River Valley from Pembina southward, are the most 
important. Lands every way di'sirablo can now bo procured in this region, by the 
nseof cash or bounty land scrip, under the Honiestead Act or under tho Timber 
Culture Act. We e'lall explain thes>( processes of obtaning laiuls further on. 
Xands oaa also be obtSiBSd D9 individoai settlers from the railroads which gridirou 



SEE KINO NEW nOMEH. 



106 



*;,„ c!f„f„ at somewhat hiffher prices, but with tho advantngos of a roadiy access to 
^oocfm rl 1 Sfdei^^^ inn-.io/.s of tho Stato aro well adapted to grazmK, bat 

S: "s oJ- rai^iug Lck for food pur?,osos is greater <han m most ^-theru Spates 
«n,1 TB.ritories Butter, < hctso and wool are largely produced andwilti inuoa 
nvofitllicm-incipal cities and towns have had a very rapid but healthy growth 
jri are gooayo'TSr industrious and enterprising meci.anics to hnd ab^mdant 

""pS'StT-l^rioL Minnesota and Iowa on the west, i-ne of o^, 
of t^rrUm- es All offoi't likely to bo successful is now makmgto divide it and 
?o oSai ze from it wUh perhaps the addition of a small portion of Wyoming and 
ICtTna TeiTUories a new territory to b. called Lincoln, which shall include the 
whole of the Black Hills region, where recent gold discoveries have bmlt up a 
rh^Wrgdi^?ifct TWs^ no ill to Dakota ^nd would gm^^^^ 

1878, »f *"''",T'V"doc^^^^^ 1878, "the Rromid w«a froo fiom bimw. «nd 

g aSe:^r?ri;h InTy'i^ld heavy crops ?:f hay All that is to be done is t. p.vy f^r 
herding in summer, aud to cuthay and cure it for winter use. ^^,^^<^"^* ^^ "Sj [Jl 

itw a ci^r ot two and'a half feet long, and it was not «---; --^^J^J V^^^hatZ^ 
oithrr •' Mr. W . H. Swartz. for somo years a highly respected citizen ot that part 
of Da^cota writes to the Emminer and Chronicle, liesv York, in March. 1B79. that 
'the chief business of the region is agriculture, f ^^^l-l^^'lrfied oi" ".uZ?of 
cent, oninvestmentevery three or four yeai^, •^"^^^^^,^'|J'^^^^^^J\';\^iVXovertho 

L found.^t^a depth of from Jj; ^^^S feet, most^l^ o a v y .^ 

Pitf«hnr£vh Penn The fall season is exceptionally fine, attoidmg tne i^rmer 

through nearly the whole of its extent m the territory, lor s^P^^^n^ej s. x 

abundant streams, and other advantages for emigrants, wo mny^ 
°'£meS7o"bEng tUcn is ttus dcscritad by Mr. W. H. S™*, . prac 



lOG SEEEJXO XEW HOMES. 

tical business man, thoroughly familiar with Dakota, but now residing at JEyota^ 
Minnesota: 

There being but few railroad laud grants in Dakota, the only way to pbtain these 
lands is to enter them under the Homestead laws of the U, S. A. Every citizen of 
the United States, or those who declare their intention to V)ecome such, over twenty- 
one years of age, whether male or female, except the married wife, possesses three 
rights entitUng them to 480 acres of government land: the right of pre-emption, 
homestead, and an entry under the Timber Culture Act. A pre-emption is a fom-th 
of a section, or IGO acres of land, obtained by occupancy and improvement, and 
the payment of $1 25 per acre, or $200 for 160 acres. Payment can be made at any 
time after G months or within 33 mouths from date of entry, and a deed obtained 
allowing to dispose of cr hold the purchase at will. A homestead is a similar tract 
obtained by the payment of $14 government fees, and the continued occupancy 
and improvement of the laud for five successive years. Persons are not required 
to remain on it uuiuterruptedly, but an abandonment for six months works a for- 
feiture. Those who prefer, and are able, can secure a title after six months by 
payiug the pre-emption price. A claim under the Timber Culture Act ia secured 
by paying $14 government fee>, and the plantiug of tree seeds or cuttings to the 
amount of ten acres: Three years' time are allowed in which to do this, making 
the cost merely nominal. Persons entering a claim for timber culture are not re- 
quired to occupy it, or even go upon it, if they do not desire to. The improve- 
ments can be made by employed help. Tm-o years are allowed before any trees 
need be planted, and t he entire expense, if done by employed labor, will not exceed 
$120 for the entry. Every individual may enter either pre-emption or homestead 
and a claim under the Timber Culture Act at the same time, making 320 acres, and 
after fulfilling the requirements of the law regulating either of the former two, can 
exercise his remaiuiug unoccupied right, giving him 480 acres. Persons wishing 
to enter these lands must appear in person at a Territorial United States Land- 
Office, or before a Clerk of the Court for the county in M^hich the land is located. 
All persons, however, who have served in the army or navy of the U.S.A., or their 
widows or orphans, can enter a homestead through power of attorney for the sum 
of $2, and hold the land one year without occupying it. _ They have also the 
privilege of changing their entry to any other selection within six months, and if 
they fail to ratify their application at the end of the six months and enter upon their 
claim, no forfeiture is made excepting the privilege of filing again by power of 
attorney. 

Nebraska is one of the newer States of the Union, admitted in 1867. Its area is 
nearly 76,000 square miles, a little less than that of England and Scotland together. 
Its population, which was 122,993 in 1870, was not less than 450,000 in 1879. The 
increase by immigration alone, in the year ending June 30, 1878, was not less than 
100,000. There were sold to immigrants in that year 614,774 acres of pre-empted, 
homestead and timber culture lands by the government, and 303,991 acres of rail- 
road lands, making nearly 920,000 acres beside all sales of private farms and all 
the imcompleted sales of government lands. The unsold government lands 
amounted at that time to about twenty-eight million acres, but only a portion of 
these were desirable. 

The climate is excellent, though the heat of summer is sometimes intense 
for a few days, and the winds in winter sweep over the prairies with great force. 
Western Nebraska, beyond the 100th Meridian W. from Greenwich, is subject to 
drought, the rainfall being comparatively small; but the influence of settlement 
and cultivation, and especially of tree-planting^, has been remarkable in increasing 
the amount of ram fall. The crop of cereals in 1877 in the State was about 50,- 
000,000 bushels ; in 1878 over 80,000,000 bushels. Much of the country is admir- 
ably adapted to grazing purposes— and with, at the utmost, a few weeks shelter, 
cattle can obtain their own living from the prairie grass. Many of the settlements 
are by colonies, and these have generally done well. Of the more recent immigrants, 
the greater portion are from the Eastern aud Atlantic States. The Missouri Eiver 
forms the entire eastern boundary of the State, and is navigable and navigatedby 
large steamers for the whole distance; the Platte River aud the Niobrara, which 
traverse the breadth of the State from east to west, are not navigable Ihronghont 
the year or for any considerable distance. The Platte i s a broad butshallow stream, 
andVeceivcs many aflluents from its north bank, but very few from the south bank. 
The numerous branches of the Kansas Eiver, which water the southern aud south- 
eastern part of the State, largely supply this deficiency. The Union Pacific R.R., 
which follows the Valley of the Plalte, Lodge Pole Creek, and the South Fork of 



astsae nsw boxes. 10' 



th. Ftotte, c^««s fte State ne» the .mddle '-" ''tolTan-d citf Ci^ffS 

also, was duG to the wanton destruction ot the praine I'^^^^^.'l °^^^f„^^''^ebraska 

and the soil is covered in summer with alkaline deposits. Water is scanty, ana 
many of the small lakes or ponds are saline or alkahne Nebraska, but 

Cent»l«tkeof.heU«U„dStat^ 

traversed by an unusual number of railroads, and all portions except the ^lorth-west 
SeTe'dUy 'accessible by means of the great ^^-^ -^t m-esertt're'gtnf mo t 
yet southern and south-western Kansas seem to be at P^^^^^f *J^^^^Sj!^g 1,^,^ its 
lrn-,nht bv settlers Like its neighbors in the north and west, Kansas ha^ naa us 
SadolSo'ghtt'of grasshof.persor Rocky Mou^^ 

beetles but has survived them all, and by the abundance of its crops tor tJiree or 
foi?r vears past has recovered from its losses. It is hardly probable that it will be 
dSedbTetberotthesescourgesagainverysoon. The educational advantages 
orbotii Nebraska and Kansas are excellent, and the two states are m a good finan- 
cial condition. The principal towne in Kansas are thriving and growing rapidly, 
and offer good opportunities of employment to industrious and mtelhgent mecham^. 
"colXts SL latest accessioS to'tbe sisterhood of states b„--jf -/^^^f 
in the Centennial year, 1876. It lies between the parallels of 3 1 and UN . ^t 
\nd the merid ans of 102° and 109- west longitude from Greenwich It^s ar^ i^ 
1S4 500 sSiare Ses, a little less than that of the United Kingdom of Great Britain 
and Ire anXaXts population, which in 1870 was 38,864, now probably exceeda 
200 000 UnHke the states and territories previously described, it is a mountein 
Se; the Rocky Mountains in two nearly parallel ranges pass tl^ough it fro^^ 
north to south nearly centrally, and have withm the bounds of the state eome ot 
tSoftiest peaks The table- ands and foot-hills by which the Rocky Mountains 
arrapproachfd from the east, are themselves elevated, and most of the arable and 
mstor?l lands of the state are from 4,000 to 7,006 feet above the level ot the sea. 
?'he mountain peaks rise to an altitude of from 12,000 to 15,000 feet. On the west- 
ern p^rt on ^- ?he state beyond the Rocky Mountains the --fece is excee^ngly 
rough, though with some beautiful valleys. The Grand Green and San Juan Rivers 
and^heir affluents, which are the sources of the Colorado of the West plough 
through these broken lands in canons varying m depth from 2.000 to 4,000 leet^ 
This is one of the new mining regions, and gold and silver ^^V^wlaJand 'hi 
quantities by those who are willing to undergo the hardships of the way and .he 
Btill greater hardships which attach to the miner s life m such a region 

Another peculiar feature of Colorado is its vast natural parks. ^ hero_are se^ em 
of these, the largest being the North, the Middle, the South and the San Luis Parks^ 
Th^ are extensWe fertile valleys, surrounded by the lofty "^^^-^f^'^^jf^.^l^^l 
Rocky Mountains, and are undonbtedb' the beds of ancient lakes of vast extent. 



108 SHEZINO NEW HOMES. 

which, in some of the npheavals of the geologic periods, have been draiued, and 
formed these beautiliil valleys. These parks are six or seven thousand feet above 
the sea. Their whole surface is covered with a rich and abundant herbage, and iu 
the season, with the gajest flowers. 

Colorado has much good soil, but for the most part is better adapted to grazing 
than to the culture of the cereals and root crops. Its grasses are eagerly sought by 
cattle and sheep, and both thrive and fatten on them. At the close of the last 
year this new state had over half a million of cattle iind 750,000 sheep in its pas- 
tures. Notwithstjmdiug the elevation, both cattle and sheep seldom require to be 
sheltered and fed during the winter. Most of the arable lands require irrigation, 
for which, in many sections, provision has been made, and if projjerly irrigated, 
the lands yield almost incredible crops. In the table lauds of Weld County, in the 
N. N. E. part of the state, irrigated fields are reported by the very highest authority, 
to have yielded iu successive years, over 300 bushels of Indian corn to the acre, a 
yield nevtr equalled elsewhere. To the enterprising farmer with a small capital, 
perhaps no portion of the west offers a better opportunity of protitable investment 
and labor. The grains, vegetables and root crops, which by irrigation yield so 
abundantly, are in immediate demand at protitable prices, by the miniug and other 
population. Those farmers who are engaged in stock raising, are large purchasers 
of Tegetables and grain, and as from the salubrity, dryness and elevation of the 
country, Colorado has become a favorite resort for iuvalids, the towns form excel- 
lent markets for produce. Eastern Colorado is well provided with railroads. 
The DenviT Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, the Colorado Central, and 
several minor roads, some of them of narrow gauge, traverse these table lands, 
while the Union Pacific skirts its northern border. As yet the principal range of 
the Eocky Mountains in the State has not been crossed, and Western Colorado has 
no railroads in operation, but at the present rate of progress this will not long be 
the case. The recent discoveries of gold aud silver in enormous quantities at Lead- 
ville. Silver Clift", Kosita, aud further West, near Ouray, are producing a stampede 
iu that direction, and will compel the quick completion of i-ailroads now in progress. 

WvoMiNG Terkitoky lics between 41- and 45= of north latitude, and between 
the meridians of lOi' and 111=' of west longitude from Greenwich. The Eocky 
Mountaius cross it diagonally from north-west to south-east, covering a breadth of 
more than 200 miles, though between the ranges there are some fine, arable valleys, 
especially those of Big Horn Eiver and its afliueuts, and the north fork of ihe 
Platte Eiver. Between the -i'id and 43d parallels the Sweet Water Mountain range 
crosses the Territory from we>t to east, terminating at the east iu Laramie Park. 
The two parallel diagoual ranges, are the Wind Eiver Moimtaius on the west, and 
the Big Horn on the east. A small portion of the Black Hills region, now noted 
for its gold mines, is in the north-east of this Territory, and the Yellowstone Na- 
tional Park, covering 3575 square miles, containing the most woudci-fiil natural 
curiosities in the world, is iu the north-west corner. Wyoming has an area of 97.- 
883 square miles, or 62,045,120 square acres, considerably more than England, 
Wales aud Scotland, btit only one-eighth of the whole had been surveyed, to July, 
1878. The mineral wealth of Wyoming is perhaps less abundant than that of some 
of the other States and Territories, though gold iu paying quantities is produced at 
several points. The whole amount of deposits of gold and silver at the mint or its 
branches, from Wyoming Territory since its first settlement, is only ^ii>!4,000. Cop- 
per is found at several points, but awaits development. There are, also, iron, lead 
and gypsum iu large quantities. But the most profitable mineral product of the 
country is coal, it is supposed to be lignite, being found in tertiary deposits, bnt 
it is of verj' good quality, aud is used not only on the Union and Central Pacific 
Eoads, which travers the southern part of the Territory, but in the towns and vil- 
lages along those lines. 

"Wyoming is better adapted to the raising of cattle than to the cul^n^e of grain 
and root crops. In mauy quarters there is a good hay crop, but for cereals or 
roots, irrigation is required, and in valleys, with this aid, large crops are raised. 

The presence of a large population of consumers of food wiU insme a prompt 
and ready market at high prices for vegetables and cereals, and will justify consid- 
erable outlay for irrigation. 

The rush of travel toward Yellowstone National Park, will make the stations on 
the route thither excellent markets for all kinds of produce. The Indians in the 
Territory are generally peaceful and friendly. 

Montana Tekkitoky lies north and north-west of Wyoming, extending to the 
boundary of the Dominion of Canada on the north, joining Dakota on the 55th 



iSEEKiyo xi:w homes. lOD 

meridian, and extending to the Bitter Root and Wind Kiver Mountains, the western- 
most range of the Kocky Mountains on the west. It hes between the 45th and 4yth 
parallels of north latitude, the west portion dippiug down to the 44th parallel, and 
between the lU4.h and the llGth meridians west from Greenwich. Its area is 
143,776 square miles, or 92,016,640 acres, or one seventh larger than the United 
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is a moimtaiuons country, though it has 
many beautiful and some fertile valleys, and some extensive plains. The various 
ranges of the Eocky Mountains traverse the whole we-teru portion, covering a width 
©f from 150 to 180 miles. The Bitter Eoot range divides it from Idaho Territory. 
There are also lower ranges dividing the Yello\vstoue from the Missouri, as well as 
north of the Missouri, and south of the Yellowstone; they run fi'om west to east. 

The Territory is well watered. The sources of the largest rivers of the continent, 
the Missouri with its great tributaries, the Yellowstone and the Madison, Jefferson 
and Gallatin, and the head waters of the Siiake and Clark's Fork, the two great 
tributaries of the Columbia River, are in this Ten-itory. The climate is mild and 
temperate except on the high elevations. The rainfall is from 12 to 16 inches 
annually, and is increasing, but the facilities for irrigation are generally good. 

The Territory is rich in mineral wealth, 120 millions of dollars of gold and 
silver, mostly gold, having been produced in its mmes since 1861. The yield in 
1878 exceeded §5,000, 000. There are also valuable copper ores, coal beds, (_lignite) 
and petroleum springs in this Territory. 

About one-ninth of the whole land in Montana has been surveyed ; while there 
is much of the Territory which is unsurveyable, and worthless for agricultural and 
pastoral purposes, there is also a much larger amount of valuable land than has 
hitherto been. supposed. The sage-brush lands, covered with alkali, and formerly 
Bnpposed to be worthless, prove, under the increased rainfall, and especially with 
moderate irriL;ation, the most fertile lands for cereals in the world'. The wheat and 
oats produced on these lands, surpass all others in the market in weight and qual- 
ity. But this Territory is especially adapted for stock raising, and has already- 
very large herds and flocks. The returns in 1878 show 300,000 cattle and 100,000 
sheep, about 40,000 horses and mules. There are no railroads as yet, in the Terri- 
tory, but it is very accessible by the Missouri and Yellowstone, and has good wagon 
roads. The Indians are not likely to be very troublesome. 

Idaho Teebitory lies between the parallels of 42® and 49® north latitude and 
meridians of 111° and 117® west longitude from Greenwich. It is of irregular form, 
narrow at the north and broad at the south,its eastern boundary being the Bitter 
Root and Wind River range of the Rocky Moimtains, the westernmost range of 
these mountains. 

It is for the most part in the Valley of the Snake or Lewis River, the main tribu- 
tary of the Columbia River, and part of the great basin lying between the Rocky 
and the Sierra Nevada or Cascade Mountains, but is crossed by several considerable 
ranges, those on the south-east and south forming the borders of the Great Salt 
Lake Basin, the Coeur d' Alene Mountains in the north being outlying spurs of the 
Bitter Root Mountains, and the vast irregular mass of the Salmon River Moimt- 
ains near the centre, dividing the upper Snake River Valley from the Salmon Eiver, 
or lowt-r Snake River Valley. The area is 86,294 square miles, about as large as 
New York and Ohio. The Territory is mainly drained by the Snake River and its 
aflluents, the Owyhee, Salmon and Spokane Rivers, through the Clark's Fork of the 
Columbia, and some of its affluents cross it in the north, and the Bear Eiver, a 
tributary of the Great Salt Lake, enters the Territory on the south. The climate 
of Idaho is temperate and mild exce^ot at the highest elevations. Much of the land 
requires irrigation, but under a moderate amorrnt of irrigation it yields very large 
crops of cereals and vegettibles. The mountain, slopes are covered with heavy 
timber. There are couaiderable tracts of good pastoral lands. Only about one- 
twelfth of the area of the Territory has as yet been surveyed. Much of what are 
known as sage-brash lands might be profitably settled, b »• companies or colonies 
who would pr^^^de for irrigation on a large scale, by which the most bounteous 
crops could be secured. 

The mineral wealth of the Territory is very great, over 23 millions of bullion, 
mostly gold, having been deposited in the mint and branches, ] revious to July 1, 
1878. The yield in 1878 was at kast $1,500,000, and might be almost indefinitely 
increased. There is one railroad in the soxathern part of the Territory, the Utah, 
extending from the Union Pacific at Ogden, to Old Fort Hull on the Snake River. 
The settlement by colonies is the best method in this Territory. 

Utah, "the land of the Mormons, '' lies between the parallels of 37 ® and 42® north 



110 WBEIh^9 SET7 UOMSH 

\ 

)«utG(3e, QEd totween 109^ and 114° west longitude from Oreenwich. It is for ths 
most put in a deep basin sorrounded by high mooutaius, the Wahsatch rauge form- 
iug the eastern rim of the basin. East of this rauge the country belongs to the 
Kocky Mountain sj'stem. It is drained by the Colorado and its tributaries, the 
Grand, Green and San Juan Kivers, all of which flow through deep canons, Ironi 
2,000 to 5,000 feet below the surface of the elevated plain. 

West of the Wahsatch Mountains there are a succession of valleys, forming to- 
gether a pai't of the Great Salt Lake Basin, and the lakes and rivers have no outlet. 
The Great Salt Lake is 100 miles long and 50 broad, and has an area of 1,900 squara 
miles. 

In the north-west and west the plains are alkaline, treeless and covered with sage- 
bush, biit by irrigation, even these produce 40 to 50 bushels of wheat, 70 to 80 
bushels of oats luid barley, and from 200 to 400 bushels of potatoes, to the acre. 
The Mountains are generally covered with timber, which belongs to the California 
forest growth, though not attaining its great height. There is about 4,000 square 
miles of timber of the 84,000 square miles in the Territory. The lower portion of 
the valley around Utah Lake, and the Jordan and Sevier, is fertile and requires less 
irrigation. The Mormon sj'stem of irrigation is very effective. 

The climate, though dry and cool from the general elevation of the surface, is 
very healthy. The rainfall is somewhat more than 15 inches annually, except in the 
north-west. Eastern Utah has a climate and soil much like Colorado ; the soil yields 
large crops when irrigated. About three-fourths of the inhabitants are Mormons, 
a peculiar people acknowledging Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, and their succes- 
sors, as their supreme religous leaders and prophets, holding many strange and 
crude views, practicing polygamy, and defying the authority of the United States 
in regard to it. The remainder of the people are not Mormons, and are engaged in 
mining, agriculture and other business pursuits. 

Utah is very rich in minerals. Mining for the precious metals has been discour- 
aged by the Mormons, but the yield of silver is now more than $5,000,000 a year, 
fmd considerable quantities of gold are also produced. It is richer in the best 
iron ores than any other portion of the United States. It has also copper, lead 
and sulphur in abundance, and has immense beds of both lignite and bituminous 
coals of excellent quality. The Union Pacific Railroad passes across the northern 
portion, and the Utah Railroad, 54 miles in length, extends from Ogden southward. 
Th«i"e aro 350 irrigating canals. 

^EW Mexico, a Territory largely inhabited by Spanish Americans and the Mex- 
ican or Pueblo (village) Indians, lies between the jjarallels of '31° 20' and 37® 
north latitude, and between the meridians of 103® 2' and 109° 2' west longitude 
from Greenwich. Its area is 121,201 square miles, almost precisely that of the 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It forms a part of the elevated 
table land which forms the foundation of the Rocky Mountains, as well as of the 
Sierra Nevada. At Santa Fe it is 6, 682 feet above the sea, in the Upper Rio Grande 
Valley, 5,000 to 6,000 feet, at Albuquerque, 4,800 feet, on the Llano Estacado, or 
Staked Plain, and at El Paso, 3, 000 to 3,5U0 feet. From this elevated plain rise hun- 
dreds of peaks from 3,000 to 10,000 feet above the plain. The Staked Plain, in the 
south-east, is a broad, almost level, treeless and waterless plain, sterile, but where 
it can be irrigated, capable of yielding immense crops, and producing abundantly 
the mesquite, a small but very valuable and deep rooted sbrub of the Acacia family. 
West cf the Rio Grande, wTierever irrigation is possible, the soil yields abundantly, 
grain and vegetables, wliile the gramma grrss on the hill slopes furnishes a delicious 
and fattening food for cattle. The raising of cattle is likely to become the favorite 
agricultural pursuit in the Territory, and many portions are admirably adapted for 
fruit raising. The climate is unrivalled for health. The rainfall in Santa Fe is 
about 13 inches annually; at Mesilla, in the south part of the Territory, on the west 
bank of the Rio Grand, it is not quite six inches. There are two railroads entering 
the Territory. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe comes from the east, and is 
now completed to Santa Fe. The Denver and Rio Grande comes from the north, and 
has also reached Santa Fe. The population is about 130,000; 100,000 whites and 
nearly 90,000 of them Mexicans, the remainder mostly from the Eastern States — 
there are 25 to 30,000 Indians of various races, including about 8,000 Pueblo or 
Village Indians, of the ancient Mexican races. Education is in a very low con- 
dition; more than three-fiflhs of the pcpulaiiou cannot read or write. The public 
Schools and most of the private Schools are under control of the Jesuits, or other 
Catholic orders, and the instruction is more religious than literary. Colonies will do 
Weil in this Territory. 



SEEKI^O NEW H0ME1>. 



south. ,, o orr - ^1 q7o north latitude, and between the meridians of 109^ 

It is between 31° 37' and 37=- ^^'^^^If}}}^ Its area is 113,916 square miles, or 

and 1140 25' west longitude f^^f ^^^hk^ and iTlLois. The north and west 

a little more than the «?^itf , ^^^I'^.^^^JSoBiver and its principal tributaries, the 
of the Territory are drained by the Colorado Kiver ana 1 f through 

San Juan and little Colorado. ^^^^^^^IjJ'^^^^^ooo^^^ 5 000 f'^t -^^^P- anil the lands 
the mesas or table-lands, m f"°"^^^^|"^^;rsterile except where they can be ir- 
through which they pass «^-*^„^^^y' ^ f s^nty snp^ of water, and among the 
rigated. A few artesian wells J^J^^^^^il '^'J^g^^^^^^ the rain water, which 

ruins of the Aztec towns are l^/g^«/,ff ^"^'tio?" f^^^^ by the Gila audits 

rarely falls. The southern part of the ierriiory is ^ai j rainfall, 

m'merous tributaries and is j-^-^^/.^^^yXtT^^^^^ The heat 

and the banks of the Gila and l^f Colorado are overno ^^^ ^^ 

n summer in south and south-west ^^f^l^^'J^tmveminve in summer, but the 
and 160O or more in tj^e «un, ts ^^^f , J^^t^^X^^i^^dTthe temperature is pleasant 
winters are mild and delightiul. On the t^ble lana production everywhere m 
during the year. Irngatii,n is ^^^^n?^ *°^zfngTands, aSd a sufficient amount of 
the Territory,, but it '^'^Zt^S^oi^ylg^lh^^^^ cereals for the population 
?:S'rstn:rab?e^ttr^^^^^ Blopes. and the various species of 

tin, nickel, very pure copper ores lead t^^^^* °'„f ^J^ '^.ecious stones, abound 
excellent quality, ^^1^, sulphur gypsum and ma^^^^^ ^^^ Territory m 

there. $.500,000 of gold and $3,000,0110 ot .^^^ j^^^^ increasine population. The 
S?B. and thatamountis constant yincrea^^gwitMh^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ 

Indians are no longer txonblesome. For miners engine^ , 

ritovy is very attractive andintemgej* farmers c^^^^^ ^^^ notoriously too small, 
Nevada was admitted as a State wlien its P"!^^ *" ., • , •,, Ug^g^ the quota for a 
and though the number of inhabi ants is ^^°[«^^,^^g'^^V membef i^^^^^ lower house 
Member If Congress, though ^^^^/.^P^f^^^J^^iad^oar^^^^^^^^ latitude, and 

of Congress. It hes between the 35th and4za Paraue Greenwich. Its 

between the 114th and 120th meridians of wesU^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ,^,. 

kea is 112,090 square miles, about the same as Arizona. ^^ ^.^^^^ 

nt PJcUotoStoMrmoBUy parted .from ^ '^^^ ^^I^Si^^X^. 
dol ar?, .nd both gold and .iWer "^ !°TS& bomi, cSwte of so'da, iu 

lower in the mountains, and the ^eat m the summer is eq y ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 

s^^ertN^ttrrirmr^^^^^^^ -- — 

Territories lying east of it, but HMich °f *^« l'^^*^^^i[';'dap^^^^^^ tf grazing, and the 
cJbvated. Muchof the mountain slopes is weladapte^^^^ 

gtete has already a large amount of li^« ^^^f ' /^.^f ^&£ ciov^'^' ^^^ ''''^^' ^'^ 
lands where irrigated, yield -^^7 large crops f ^he ^^"^ acres of 

vegetables. Provision was made in Ibva tor irrigauug mu 

ttiesa sage-brush lands; ^„^^f.^ iha water in some is pure, in 

The State has many lakes, mostly J?tbotit ouUet,^he jr^ er n ^^^^^^^ l^ ^^^.^ 

others brackish or alkaline m a ^^^^^ ' J'^XmboWt Carson, Walter's, Freuss. 
in the centre, the three Mud Lakes, Holloway, Humboia^^^ ^ 

Franklin,Pahranagat, andon the border ImeofCahforniath^^^^^ ^^^ 

1,500 feet deep, and 6,000 feet above the «^a. Southern l^evartw^ 

desolate region. b«t has valuable mines The C^^^^^^^^ 20'and39o 30', 

State in a west-south-wes chrection, ^^tw^f^^ the P^^^ ^ ^^^^^ 

and there are severallocal rail loads. ^^^a^^V^l* ? ^^^^ectaujcs. 

engineers, intelligent femew, g»»«, and enterprising mechanics. 



112 SEEKING NEW BOMES. 

Califoknia has been so often described, that wo can only speak of it no^ in re- 
ference to its adaptation to receive emigrants. It has a vast territory, extending 
from 32= 28' to 42° north latitudo, and lying between the meridians of 114=" 30' 
and 121° 45' west longitiide from Greenwich. Recent surveys have reduced some- 
what its supposed area, which was formerly staled at 188,980 square miles, but is 
now said, by the United States land oflice, to be 157,801 square miles, a territory 
about as lar o as that of the Kingdom of Sweden. 

The climate varies through all the gi-adatious of the temperate and semi-tropical 
regions The average mean temperature of the year ranges from 61° 5' at Hum- 
boldt Bay, and 50° G' at San Francisco, to 73° 5' at Fort Yuma. The summer 
mean temperature has a range of 33 degrees between Humboldt Bay and Fort Yuma, 
while the winter mean varies but 14°. The annual rainfall is equally varied, at 
Humboldt Bay, from 57 to 64 inches; in Klamath Co., from 81 to 110 inches, in 
Nevada Co., at latitude 3i)° 20', 04 inches to 81 iilches; in San Francisco, 20.7t> 
inches; in Sacramento, 18.23; in San Diego, 10.43; in Fort Yuma, 3.24 inches. 
It is a lixnd of lakes, rivers and mountains, with some of the most beautiful and 
fertile lands in the world, and some of the most desolate and forbidding. Its golden 
grain is famous the world over, and its vineyards and olive gardens, luscious fruits 
and abundant crops of every thing which will grow anywhere, are well known. 
About 50 millions of acres of its lauds are arable, but they are mostly taken up in 
large ranches or plantations, though these are now being divided, in many instances, 
into small farms. For the most part, arable lauds are too dear for the farmer of 
small mesins. Many of these large ranches are on unsurveyed lands, and must 
eventually come into market, when there Mill be a good opportunity for purchasing 
farms. 

There are nearly 40,000,000 acres of grazing lands, and though stock-raising is 
generally carried out upon a large scale, it is possible for an intelligent stock grower 
to do well in the business. South-east California is a wild volcanic region, with its 
dry lakes covered with salt or bitumen, its vast sinks, many of them below the sur- 
face of the ocean, and its Death Valley, most appropriately named. It is now pro- 
posed, by a short ship canal, to turn the waters of the Pacific into this valley and 
render it habilable, where it is not submerged. 

The mineral wealth of California is very great. Its production of gold and silver 
since 1849 has been nearly 700 million dollars, and it is still producing over 20 mil- 
lions a year, mostly in gold, quick-silver to the amount of about 2,000,000 annually; 
copper, tin, coal, &c. , &c. , are also produced. Most parts of the State are easily 
reached by railroads and steamers. 

California is a good State for artisans, gardeners, vine growers and dressers, and 
farmers who are content to be employed at first by others; miners, metal workers, 
machinists, and operators in woollen mills, <S:c., &c., but less so for those who wish 
to purchase farms. 

Oregon, one of the two States lying on the Pacific. It is between the parallels of 
42° and 46° 18' north latitude, and the meridians of 116° 33' and 124° 25' west 
longitude from Greenwich. Its area is 95,274 milis. About five-sevenths of its 
northern boundary is formed by the Columbia, or what is sometimes called the 
Oregon Kiver, the largest river flowing into the Pacific Ocean, and at least three- 
fifths of its eastern boundary is washed by the Snake or Lewis River, the largest 
tributary of the Columbia. 

Most of the State is well watered, mainly from the affluents of the Columbia 
and Snake, though the Klamath, a California river, rises in the State, and the 
Umpqua, Rogue and other small streams fall into the Pacific. It is divided by the 
Cascade and Blue ranges of Mountains into three sections, known as Western, Mid- 
dle, and Eastern Oregon. Western Oregon, that part lying west of the Cascades, a 
strip about 110 miUs wide, though broken and hilly from the pre.senceof tl e coast 
range, which is from 3, 000 to 4, 000 feet in height, is generally fertile, and the Moun- 
tains are clothed with heavy timber to their summits. The Willamette Valley, lying 
between the Coast and Cascade ranges, and containing about 5,000,000 acres, is 
exceedingly fertile and beautiful. The rainfall in Western Oregon ranges from 44 
to 60 inches, the highest amount being reached at the mouth of the Columbia in 
the north, and near the Klamath Lakes in the south. The temperature is mild 
and dclightlul. The mean for the year being 52° 13', and the range very moderate. 
Middle Oregon is dryer, not so well watered nor so fertile. The rainfall is about 
20 inches. The climate is agreeable, except in the south, where the high mountains 
make it sometimes excessively cold. Eastern Oregon is dry, but has many well 
•watered and fertile valleys. The winters are cold, with deep snow. Western Oregon 



SEEKING NEW iIOUES. -^^* 



is ,>lso largely c.j.ort.d. ^fj^^r™ '" TOe SXf L'de i» very large, the tojy. 
wheal, oata nn.l potatoes »';'"'»';='{ ;^/„„„,, a„,,,hle Fruit is also hiigelj culti- 
""T,' VrifanSSSy forS^^^^^^^^ especialy cattle aldW 

it woofprodJct oi th^^^ is cLsiderable, and mosUy consumed m Oregon wooi- 
len factories. ^ -^^ ^ t go fuUy developed as it 

wich. The Columbia llnei.wmcu ^^ ^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ westera 

southern boundary, ^^r three-foui hs ot lU ^^ the Strait of JuandeFucaandthe 
shoresare washed bythePac^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^V^^l, 

Gulf of Georgia. 1 he aiea o^;^^^^,™j^'Jj,'i^^a but tLe valleys, especially around 
';^'^'''trTvl^?ii:^^^^^^ Blopes otShe^mountains are 

boih sides of i^^g^*^ f^'^^^X^" There are 200 miles of railroad in operation m the 

KLranTttclmtoi^er^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

KamialllOOto ^'^y'^'^",^" ""]'^ , The summers in Central and Easiern Wash- 

tern Washington IromU^o 24 nches.Th^^^^^^ Pennsylvania, cold, but not 

Svt? Xtfabo^u't ontthlrtolthe'public lands are yetsurveyed. There is some 

S?,\ thP Territorv but more coal, iron, and other minerals. 

^°m1 ioHn thfl pJklluT) Valley is anthracite, of e::cel]ent quality, and a railroad 

^?}sSy^i'^riiisraVo^t7«^^^^^^^^^ 

Ja'yoS maA^t, by the Cc!lu»bia -d ^-te a^«s »hrch have .^^^^ 

vm nlerrupted nav,gal,oo. IJ^^'g'^"^^ 0~1,;^; "Sjund. aod iS the Columbia, a« 

?,7p«;oaS^e S grTd'tu^uTe atusthe citilen, ot Oregon aud Washington. 




Jll HOMES^t^EAD FOR SOLDIERS 

HOMESTEAD FOR SOLDIERS. 

Department of the Interior, i 
General Land Office, Aug. 8, 1870. ( 

Gentlemen : — The following is the twenty-fifth section of the aci 
rW Congress, approved July 15, 1870, entitled " An act making appropri- 
siions for the support of the army for the year ending June 30, 1871, and* 
'fcr other purposes," viz. : 

Sec. 25. — And lie it furtJier enacted, That every private soldier and 
afiicer who has served in the army of the United States during the rebel- 
2»B, for ninety days, and remained loyal to the Government, and every 
asaman, marine, and officer or other person who has served in the navy 
&i the United States, or in the marine corps or revenue marine during 
iaie rebellion, for ninety days, and remained loyal to the Government, 
aftall, on payment of the fee or commission to any Register or Receiver of 
any Land Office I'equired by law, be entitled to enter one quarter section 
of land, not mineral, of the alternate reserved sections of public lands 
albng the lines of any railroads or other public works in the United States, 
wherever public lands have been or may be granted by acts of Congress, 
aad to receive a patent therefor under and by virtue of the provisions of 
;lii© act to secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain, and 
sfe acts amendatory thereof, and on the terms and conditions therein pre- 
Ksribedj and all the provisions of said acts, excetp as herein modified, 
limll extend and be applicable to entries under this act, and the Commis- 
jfonerof the General Land Office is hereby authorized to prescribe the 
BEcessary rules and regulations to carry this section into effect, and deter- 
mine all facts necessary thereto. 

By these provisions the Homestead Law of 20th May, 1862, and the 
acts amendatory thereof, are so modified as to allow entries to be made by 
is&e parties mentioned therein, of the maximum quantity of one quarter- 
aection, or 160 acres of land, held at the double minimum price of $2.50 
j&r acre, instead of one-half quarter-section, or eighty acres as heretofore. 

In case of a party desiring to avail himself thereof, you will require 
ifm to file the usual homestead application for the tract desired, if legally 
Sable to entry, to make affidavit according to the form hereto annexed, 
iiastead of the usual homestead affidavit, and on doing so allow him to 
make payment of the $10 fee stipulated in the act of 20th May, 1862, 
and the usual commissions on the price of the land at $2.50 per acre, the 
entry to be regularly numbered and reported to this office in your monthly 
liiomestead returns. 

Regarding settlement and cultivation, the requirements of the law in 
iiiis class of entries are the same as in other homestead entries. 

Very respectfully your obedient servant, 

Joseph S. Wilson, 
Commissioner, Register, and Receiver. 



115 



THE WEST: 

WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHER. 

TH.B. have been in our countr, as i-U^e-T^^^^^^ 
periodical crazes-times when ?^*^«°^' ^Yn^in- idea which, with the great 
Jletely under the influence ^^ f X^j^^^XSttughts from their minds. 
Kiasses of the people, d^°?^« «"^/l^'if ' t^^^^^^^ think and talk of noth- 

Eating or drinking, waking or ^^^^P^^J' ^JJ^Xsurd to us, as we look back 
ingeli Th-e-.zessomet^^^^^^^ They -ay do some 

craze, its sfEect is much the same. 

THE MORTIS MtTLTICAUXIS CRAZE. 

doien cuttings »f a '»™'g".*™^ " "''"S C'e a,*! pipe stem, there would 
fortune; tliat from these little =''*/• °°''°fi'J,^SillionJ of silkworms to be 
presently grow ^''t'l? ""f //^f ^ form eocoons, which an, girl eould 

da*rfui^shXsit:<:?zt\rf"c^t:^^^^^^^^ 

%he whole thing loo., -P-^'f ''^j^J^^ '„" Tr'eZo^TS^^ S 

THE WESTERN CRAZE Or 1847-48. 

A few years later there was an emigrat^n craze^ J^^SuH^'nV^tre 
tneant Indiana, Illinois, Michigan ^isconsm, Iowa, and M^^^^^^ ^^^^ 

cities of Chicago, Milwaukee, and ^t- L«;^^^'. X^^i^^m^ds of cities laid 
of thousands of miles of ^^^l^^'-^^l^^Xr^iStstiAt every kind of wild-cat 

b!^t*„i:d^:k"lLtto^m''^sra£=;:r^uaghi^^^ 



IIG THE west: who should migrate thithee. 



OTilEE CJeAZES. 



Tune ^-ould fail me to tell of the crazes since that time ; of the petroleum 
mama, the .shoddy speculation, the mining fever of a dozen years ago the 
new railroad excitement, all ending in general disaster, and in long years of 
gloom ; now to be replaced, perhaps, by an emigration fever, and a reckless 
speculation in mining properties, almost as absurd as the earlier manias and 
even more disastrous. It seems to be the fate of the Yankee to be at one 
moment on the top of Pisgah, and the next in the Valley of Humiliation. 

THE PRESENT MINING CRAZE. 

_ There are at the present time (May, 1883) over 1800 mining compa- 
nies or organizations in the region west of the Mississippi, nine tenths of 

i^^^n nr!? n'Jv.'^'*^!.'" ^""'^ ^^'^^ ^''''^^' ^°^ ^^^^^^S ^ uomiual Capital of about 
?4, 000 000,000. From ignorance of the business, bad management, and 
often from misrepresentation in regard to their value, more than nine tenths 
will prove unproductive, and the stockholders will meet with heavy losses 
One hundred and forty mining companies, incorporated in San Francisco 
Within a few years past, have assessed their stockholders $47,000,000, besides 
their original capital, and have paid in all only $6,000,000 dividends. 

the desire to go WEST. 

■»;r "But," it may be asked, "what has all this to do with goinff West ?» 
Much more than you may think, my friend. You are a working-man, a ma- 
chinist an operative m a manufactory, a builder, or an artisan in some one of 
the trades or callings which are followed in our Eastern communities, or you 
nave been farming m a moderate way, or engaged in trade. You have laid 
up a little, have perhaps a home of your own, though there may be a small 
mortgage on it; but you do not get rich so fast as you would like, and, as 
you look upon your wife and little ones, you think to yourself, "I have kot 
much to leave to them if I were taken away, and they might be left to suffer 
1 must try in some way to accumulate property faster, so as to be able to 
i leave them in better circumstances. " As you look about you, there seems to 
be no chance in your present circumstances and position, for doina this If 
you are a working-man, your wages are only likely to be advanced, when 
there are such advances in food and clothing and living expenses, as will 
leave you no more net gain than you have had in the past. If you are fol* 
lowing a trade or calling, any advance in price is necessarily accompanied 
by an advance in material, or wages of employes, and in living expenses, 
which eaves you no better off than you were before. In trade, there is perl 
naps a little advantage in prosperous times, because there are not so many 
bad debts, but very few can lay up money in retail trade. You are appar- 
ently cut off from any. considerable improvement of your circumstances. 

the emigration fever. 
Meantime the spirit of emigration is abroad in the air. Every other man 
whona you meet is talking of the West-the West, with its rich and con- 
stantly developing mines o'f gold and silver; the West, with its productive 
farms and its agricultural wealth ; the West, with its immense herds of cat- 
tle and Its hundreds of thousands of sheep and goats. You ask yourself, 
^ Why not go to this great West and accumulate wealth, as others have done 
in a lew years, instead of wasting my time here for a mere pittance?" 

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN EMIGRATION TO THE WEST. 

The mania is abroad, and you are m a fair way to become one of its vic- 
ZWOB. btiU yoiir question is a reasonable one. Allow us to answer it, after 
tne Yankee fashion, by asking some others. Have vou a very clear, distinct 
Idea ot what is included in emigration to a new State or Territory? 



THE WEST: lit 



THE DISCOMFORTS. 

You hare a good, comfortable home, with all its appliances and con- 
veniences. It may be small, but it is a good home. If you emigrate to the 
frontier, even if you have a good sura of money to pay your living expenses, 
your home for the first year or two must be of sods, of logs, or of canvas. 
You must content yourself with the fewest possible conveniences for com- 
fortable liousekeeping, and the roughest and poorest food; all those thou- 
sand little comforts, which go to make up our Eastern civilization, will be 
wanting, for a year or two at least. If you make your new home on the 
prairie, the summer's sun will scorch and burn you, and the winter's snow 
may bm-y your little cabin out of sight. Neighbors at first will be few and 
far apart. Schools and churches will come in time, but you will have to 
lift heavily to make them come, and for a year or two you will be obliged 
to go without them. If your home is in the timbered land, other disabili- 
ties, equally severe, will try you. Wolves, panthers, lynxes, and now and 
then a bear, will pay you visits, not so much because they care for your so- 
ciety, as because they hope to find some food, on or about your premises. 
You will have a vigorous appetite, though it may sometimes be difiicult to 
satisfy it ; and the exposure to the pure open air may improve your health, 
though there are some chances of malarial fever or catarrhal afliections. You 
may have been particular about your clothing at the East, but you will very 
soon present an appearance which would well befit a tramp. 

DANGERS TO HEALTH. 

We do not speak of the risks to health, because, with only a few ex- 
ceptions, the region west of the Mississippi is healthy. The region border- 
ing immediately on the Mississippi, from the Iowa line southward, and the 
lower Missouri, as well as Southeast Kansas, much of the Indian Territory 
and the lower lands of Texas, are to some extent subject to billions, remit- 
tent, 'and intermittent fevers, and care should be taken, if a location is 
sought there, to select elevated lands, with good drainage and no standing 
water, and to avoid the night air and heavy dews. 

RISKS OF LOSS, 

There are also some risks in investing the money you have been able to 
save in the past. If you have saved $1000 or $2000, and buy or secure a 
farm in some one of these new States or territories, by whatever mode you 
have obtained or are to obtain a title to it, it will probably be about twenty 
months before you can realize anything on your first crop. Meantime you 
must make your first j^ayments on your land, which will be more or less, ac- 
cording to the mode of purchase ; pay for having it broken up, which will 
cost you from four to eight dollars per acre, according to the thoroughness 
with which it is done; must pay for seed, and buy the horses, mules, oxen, 
or cows needed, and the wagons, carts, ploughs, harrows, cultivators, and, 
if you can, a harvester for your first grain crop. You must also buy or build 
your cabin and furnish it, or, which will be about the same thing, pay the 
freight on your furniture from the East. And whatever you or your family 
need in the way of food or clothing, before you receive anything from the 
first crop, must also come out of this reserve. 

THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE. 

It is true that, if you are successful, yom* money will have been put out 
at good interest — ten, twelve, or even twenty per cent, perhaps — but there 
are cliKX^^s of failure, and the risk should be fairly considered. Even if 
you aib able to pre-empt your land, and so delay paying the Government 

?rice for.it for thirty-three months, or take it up under the Homestead or 
imber Culture acts, or buy it of the railway companies, on long time, you 



118 WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHEK. 

will still find ample use for your $1000 or $2000 in paying your necessary 
expenses, and maintaining your family, imtil the crop money comes in. 

WHAT A SUCCESSFUL FIRST CROP WILL ACCOMPLISH. 

If this first crop has been twenty acres in root crops and twenty in wheat 
(you will hardly be able to crop more than forty acres at first), and there 
have been no drawbacks, but a full crop of both, you should be able to 
raise about $2000 from the forty acres, and cultivating besides a large gar- 
den plot, to provide your family with all the vegetables they need. A pig 
and a calf will add to your meat rations, and your cow should furnish the 
butter and milk needed. Under these circumstances, if you are a good 
manager, you may be able to make your next payment, if necessary, on 
your farm ; to improve your dwelling, and break up an additional twenty or 
forty acres; support your family in better style than the previous year, and 
still lay up a small sura toward replacing your reserve. 

THE POSSIBILITIES OF FAILURE. 

But suppose that your wheat is consumed while growing, by the grasshop- 
per or Rocky Mountain locust, and your root crops by the Colorado beetle or 
potato bug, and the gophers, or the moles ; or that your farm is desolated 
by drought ; that your horses or mules, your oxen or cows, or the pig or pigs, 
whose luscious flesh you have been looking forward to, as a part of your 
winter's supply, are destroyed by wolves, lynxes, or bears, or are seized with 
the diseases not infrequently prevalent ; your supplies for the coming year 
will be cut off, and if yom- reserve has all been expended, you will be very 
hard pressed to find the means for supporting your family, and obtaining 
the seed necessary to be planted or sown for the next year. You may say 
that it is not probable that all these disasters will come at once; so 
would have said many thousands of farmers, who put in their first or second 
crops in the autumn of 1873 or the spring of 1874, and yet it was exactly 
these disasters which did come in that year, and thousands of families were 
only kept from starvation, by the pubUc and private bounties bestowed upon 
them, largely by Eastern people. 

ROSE-COLORED PICTURES OF THE EMIGRATION AGENTS. 

This is not the sort of talk you will be likely to hear from the agents of 
emigration societies, or land-grant railroad companies ; they will represent 
to you that the climate, soil, and productions render the country a perfect 
paradise ; that there are no disturbing or discouraging influences, but that 
everything is perfectly lovely. The crops are grown without labor, the 
houses are builded without effort, the live stock takes care of itself, the rain 
irrigates thoroughly the long-parched soil, so soon as the immigrant plants 
his foot upon it. Such unthinking advocates of emigration will accuse us 
of hostility to it, but most unjustly ; for while we have presented frankly 
and without exaggeration the troubles and privations which the emigrant 
must encounter in the early months of his settlement, there is a bright future 
before him, if he has only the nerve, patience, ent»rprise, and good fortune 
to triumph over them all. 

WHY THE DARK SIDE AS WELL AS THE BRIGHT SHOULD BE PRESENTED. 

No man of true courage is ever discouraged by the presentation of difli- 
culties to be surmounted in attaining a desired end ; he is only stimulated to 
greater effort to overcome them. If, on the other hand, only the bright side 
is presented to him, and all knowledge of difficulties and discouragements 
is carefully withheld from him when he is called unexpectedly to encounter 
serious trials and privations, of which he had no previous warning, the 

grobability of disappointment and despair is greatly increased. He is the 
est friend of the emigrant who shows him what clouds and storms will 
darken his way, as well as the glowing sunshine Avhich will gladden it. 



119 

, - , THE west: 

garibaldi's pkoclamation. 

When Garibaldi wa. about to enter upon ^^^^l^V^^^^^^^^^^ 
of Rome and its annexation to he kingdom of 1^^^^^^^ ^^^, ^^^^ conquest of 
clamation: "Itahans, ^ ^^J^^^;^ J^i.'^^of I aly to volunteer for my help 
Rome, and I call ^P«^ ^ f . ^;;;" ^"^^^^^^^^^ his couch wiK? 

Whoso joins my army mil have but scanty ana ^ wounded of 

be the cool ground his ^^^^ f '^ to £• ^if he f alls, no priest will give 
sick, no hospital will open its gates to ^'^^^^^^ '_x^it at the end of 
him extreme unction, or say f'^^'J Z.^}' Comvldef brothers, forwai-d and 
'^^^ S ttr S :omr?^t{% 'eXtty thousands, and thoug. 

many Ml. ^^^ S^^^* "^^ ^^^ ^* ^""'^ ^ ' 

WHAT THE EMIGKAKT HAS TO EKCOUNTER. 

your warfare is not with ^^^^^^^ SS s'a^^ 
but only with the inertia ^^^J^^^^^^^f.^'^^^'' °^s^^^^^ with insect foes, diseases 
vations incident to a ^^^^^f "^^^^f^J^' ^^,e?me and you will have established 

THE CHANCES FOR THE MEN WHO HAVE TRADES. 

Those working-men ^^^^o Xl^ef^^^^^^^^^^^ 
find provable employment in the resp^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^_ 

than the farmer, and t^^^,^/^^°W^;.^^^t\^ey will do well to secure some 
tions, than they can usually ^« ^^f '^ ^'^J'^ceeD two or three cows and a few 
land -enough for their own needs^ .r^ps are^needed for home consumption: 
sheep; to raise what gi^in and '.^^^^'''}ll^'\^^^^^^^^^ of flowers, shrubs.., 
•to have a comfortable l^^^' J^^^^ ^Pj^^bl, garden wUl not be very expen- 
fruit and forest-trees, and ^ 8°° V^^f '*^^^' if ^in or near one of the growing 
8ive, if there are young hands to ^^f P'^^^/^J pleasure,ubut of constantly- 

the revenues of the ^f ysehold business of stock-raising 

„. ZlZ^l^'^t£rZ::r:ni::^erl^^ » co..id„.ab.e ca,nta. .. 

OOmmanl. ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^j^^ j^ STOCK-B^MIKG. 

Aca«.e.aoc..^e.o.*;-^«,^^^^^^^ 
ra5lorVsCaV;of4We^ot.,e.a.™ 

P*y- BECOMING A HERDER. 

Another way of ,orki.g into .luB businesB -uld be to b-o-u^r^JS 
or "co«-boy at first, and '"'J'';? » '^.f^^'^raod U m'^ h tbo I.erder, 
the rest of . he sto.k. At " ■"'""'"S "''„,,' ""j,, com" of five or eight JM« 
„,„ brand (.;|,khmu.^^^^^^^ |1;-- „ ^„g.,„„i„g, ; ,„,t^ 

;'urans"er?os:tnp"a7operanel.e. This can be done to n>uch bet.« 



"^^^^ WHO SHOULD MIGEATE THITHER. 

advantage in Tesaa than elsewhere; but the Texas cattle bring lower prices 
IB the market than those of the States farther north. 



SHEEP-FARMING. 



As to the sheep, $14,000 or $15,000 will answer to start a sheep farm if a 
man understands the business, though a larger sum is better. The profit 
from raising sheep is sooner realized than from raising? cattle, and is nearly as 
g?eat. A single man with a little money, who will be content to serve as a 
shepherd for hve years, and pasture his own sheep with his employer's flock 
can lead out a very respectable flock at the end of that time; but it would 
be difficult, if not impossible, to support a family in that way before the five 
years were up The wages of a herder or a shepherd vary from $18 to $25 
c month and keeping; but their lives are very lonely, and the danger to life 
and hmb IS considerable. ^ j; 6 



THE MINIKG CRAZE. 



There is at the present time a great craze in regard to the fortunes to be 
made in rmmng operatwm, especially for gold and silver in the West You 
will hear every day that Mr. A. or Mr. B., Senator C, or Judge D., or Col 
J!., has become a millionaire, through the valuable mines in which he has 
invested. Sometimes you will be told that some of these fortunate men 
feave accumulated five, six, ten, or twenty millions in a very short time. 
This may be true, or it may not. 

HOW GREAT FORTUNES ARE MADE IN MINING OPERATIONS. 

If it is true, you may be sure of these three things: Fii-st, that these mil- 
lionaires were men of comfortably large fortunes before they took hold of 
those great enterprises; that they investigated very thoroughly, and, having 
their money at command, took advantage of the circumstances and bought 
for a smallsum what has brought them a large profit. Second that a great 
part of their profit has been realized by selling shares in a company w'hich 
they have formed puttmg in a property which cost them perhaps $S0 000 
as the equivalent for a capital stock of $3,000,000 to $5,000,000. The mine 
may have been worth five or ten times what they actually paid for it but 

^nl ^,-,?''%f ^'''/'f T ^'^^^''^^ prodigiously. Third, that however 
many millions this fortunate mine-owner may suppose himself to be worth 
or make others believe he is worth, it is by no means certain, that within 
one, two, or three years he may find that Lc is not worth as much money a« 
He was, when he made his first investment in mining property. 

A STRIKING EXAMPLE. 

Take an example. Not six months ago Col. C.'s name was in all tho 
papers ; hehad come to one of the great mining centres with a fair property 
most of It m ready money, a year or so before, and had investigated the con' 
;dition of a newly-opened mine there, had taken an interest in it before it 
-was much developed, had bought other claims on the same lode, till with a 
trusty partner he owned three fourths of this mine and the adjacent cLrms 
He then orgamzed a company, with a capital of ten millions, and laro-e 
amounts of the stock were sold; what capital was necessary was used for 
the full development of the mine, and a smelter purchased and kept running 
on the ores. For several months the dividends were large; the amount of 
nch ore smelted was sufficient to ju.'^tify them, and the stock-of which the 
par value was |25-rose to $32 or $fl3. Suddenly it began to fall, and when 
It reached $13 our capitalist gave orders to sell all his stock; but too late' 
rf continued to sink till it reached $4.50 per share, where it stood a few 
days ago The "ore on the dump," that is, the ore which was mined and 
brought to the surface, was exhausted, and the miners had come to a wall 
©f porphyry, or, as they call it, a "horse," which contained no silver Ex- 
pensive explorations were made, and there was some ground for hope, that 
Ibeyond this wall of stone, there might be another lodS or vein which would 



THE west; 121 

prove as profitable as the former ones. The capitalist was honest and well- 
meaning, but when he looks around and sees the wreck of his own property 
and tlie property of others who boup-ht the stock from their faith in hiai, ho 
doubtless wishes he was back where he was two years ago. 

MOEAXS to THIS STORY. 

There are several morals to this story — indirect ones, it is true, but none 
the less serviceable, if you Trill only heed them. One is, that it is not all 
gold {hat glitters, and that even the shrewdest man who is not practically i 
acquainted with mining, may make a great mistake in purchasing mining 
property. Another is that you should never be beguiled into buying mining 
stocks, no matter at what price they may be offered. The par value of these 
stocks represents from ten to one hundred times the actual cost of the mining 
property ; and even at that, most of them are liable to assessments beyond 
the original p'lrcliase, "to develop the mine." 

WHAT SHOULD BE KNOWN BEFORE BUYING MINING PROPERTY. 

Ko [ if you will put your money into mining property, wait until you can 
see the property for yourself; until you can learn how much ore has been 
taken out, what its probable value per ton is, what is the condition of the 
mine behind "the ore on the dump" — i.e., whether the veins or lodes not 
yet worked or excavated, promise as rich ore as that already raised — whether 
there are any obstructions to future success m mining, such as accumulation 
of water, intense heat ot the mine, "horses" in the veins, or barren tracts in 
the lodes. It is necessary also to know what is the character of the product 
of the mine : if it is gold, whether it is free milling gold, which needs only 
to be crushed by the stamps and run over the amalgamated plates to yield 
up the quarter part of the gold; or whether it is combined with sulphur and 
copper, or sulphur and zinc, or with lead. Where sulphur is present in the 
form of sulphides or sulphurets, roasting, and sometimes chlorination or 
lixiviation, is required to expel the sulphur; and these are costly processes, 
and will only pay when the ores are rich. If the ores are silver, you should 
know whether it is combined with lead, zmc, or copper; whether it is a car- 
bonate, a sulphate, a chloride, a telluriate, or a sulphuret of silver, or of 
silver-bearing lead. Most of the silver ores require smelting, some of them 
roasting, some chloridinizing, and some lixiviation. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

At some mines, distant from railroads, and requiring difficult and ex- 
pensive methods for the complete reduction of their ores, there is a process 
of concentration carried on which preserves in a kind of base bullion all the 
valuable portions of the ore, rejecting that which is worthless, and reduces 
the weight from four fifths to nine tenths, so that they can be transported 
at much less cost to the works where the silver can be completely reduced 
and the full value of the lead retained. The questions of transportation and 
of the proximity of a railroad are, next to the reduction works, of great 
importance in estimating the value of a mine. If your ore or base bullion 
has to be packed on the backs of mules over a mountain trail for twenty, 
thirty, or fifty miles, or if it must be carried one hundred or one hundred 
and fifty miles in wagons, at $12, $15, or $20 a ton, it must needs be very 
good ore to pay for the tran?portation, and yield any profit to the miner; 
but if it is near a railroad, where the ore can be carried without too much 
handling, and if it is ore that can be easily or readily reduced or concentrated, 
ore which will yield from $6 to $10 a ton will pay a handsome profit. 

If, then, you will buy an interest in a mine, look it over thoroughly be- 
fore buying; be sure to "come in on the hard pan," as the miners say, i.e., 
pay only the first cost of the mine, before they have begun to water the 
stock, and pay for the mine, only the value of the ore in sight. You cannot 
be badly defrauded if you do this. 



122 WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHEK, 



FOLLY OF BUYING AN INTEREST IN A PLACER MINE. 

Do not be beguiled into buying an interest in a placer mine, even if it is 
worked on the hydraulic system. It may pay magnificent dividends for a 
time, but it is sure to be completely exhausted before long, and will leave no 
hope of any further profit, unless the tailings can be re-worked by Edison's 
process, and generally, John Chinaman has already extracted every available 
grain of gold from them. 

PROSPECTING FOR A MINE NOT ADVISABLE. 

If you visit the mining districts, you may be tempted to try your hand at 
prospecting for a new mine. Unless you are an educated mining engineer, 
please take our advice — which is, in one word, "Don't!" No "tenderfoot" 
(the mining phrase for greenhorn), or, at least, not one in a thousand, has ever 
tried that with success, certainly not in these later days. You run a much 
better chance of being struck with lightning, than of discovering a mine 
worth working, or one which, when found, you could develop without a 
considerable amount of capital. It is much better to join forces with an 
honest expert, if you can find such a one, and putting your capital, m part 
or in whole, against his knowledge, work away together at the mine, till you 
have developed it sulficiently to be able to command the necessary capital to 
make it a success. 

PURCHASING A PARTLY-DEVELOPED MINE. 

There is no lack of good mines, as yet not much developed, in all the 
Eocky Mountain region, and there is not likely to be, for many years to 
come. But if you have, by thus joining forces with an expert, found a 
really good and valuable mine, do not give it away to the capitalists, in re- 
turn for their establishing smeiting works or stamp mills near you. If you 
have a good thing, hold on to it, and they will come to you for your custom. 
In some sections, as in the Black Hills, for instance, the large mine owners 
who have an abundance of capital, make it a rule to buy up every new mine 
which promises fairly, that they may be able to hold a monopoly of the 
mining business of that region. Although the ores there are all of low 
grade, very few of them yielding more than from $6 to $13 a ton, and some 
not more than |5, yet from the convenience and economy of their reduction 
works, they are able to make their poor ores pay a better profit, than higher 
grade ores pay elsewhere. 

THE LIFE OF THE PRACTICAL MINER. 

Having thus briefly placed before you the difficulties and dangers incident 
.,to investments in mining property, let us say a few words concerning the life 
foi the practical miner and his work. By the practical miner we mean here, 
■'not, necessarily, the dull, uneducated mining laborer, who pursues his daily 
task and receives his daily wage, with no thought beyond these, but in many 
instances the owners of new and undeveloped mines, who, with but moder- 
ate means, and with great intelligence and commendable industry, are work- 
ing diligently, to open a mine and ascertain its real value. In many 
instances, m Colorada, Montana and Utah, graduates of our great universi- 
ties, professional men, merchants, mining engineers, master mechanics, and 
machinists have bent their backs, begrimed their faces, and blistered tlieir 
hands, at their unaccustomed toil with the pick or shovel, the winch, the 
pan or the sieve, in washing, amalgamating, digging shafts, opening winzes 
and tunnels, drawing up and lowering the miner's bucket, and stoping, or 
opening the veins or lodes, above or below the levels, which they had cut in 
the rocky ridge in which their principal lode was found. 

This is hard work ; and it is only the hope of gain sufficient to remunerate 
these volunteer working-men for their toil, which gives strength to thei^ 



■io«5 

THE west: 



„„. a.d Vigo, to «.eir WO- Fo, l^^^^.^fj^^^.^i^'^S'^li 
h^ve to give pla,<:o to *= JlTtl^rtav' Sficient eicouragement in their 
Sosrcr\oTL':i^l«i'V™;4ment of men of greater brawn and ainscle, 
thougli of less intellectual ability. 

UVKDSHIPS OP THE IMMIGKAI^ TO A MIKIKG KEOIOK. 

The lot Of tlie iaimi^a^ l:i:tT?l^^:Si-^- ^J^c^XS. 

can have a rude yet --P-f /-i^iro" t^^^^^^^^^^ edge of the forest, 

storm reared very soon. , ^is farm is on^^^^ He can command gener- 

and at all events not on ^^^f^l Samilv either from the rearest town, 

aUyfoodsufficientforhimsef and hisfamU^^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^.^ fishing-rod. 

or; if on the extreme irotr by th^use^^ ^^^^^^ .^ ^^^ opportunity 

Before he realizes ^"^^11 ng from ms o ' ^^^^ 

for earning good ^vages by ^ Stn^n^ff re^ finds them invariably in a rough 
Butthc immigrant *» the mining re j^^^^ ^^^he Rocky Mountain 

and broken country, ^^^^ }^ ^V.^errslCes ^vhich are richest in gold and 
ranges, especially ^^ t^^^^^^,^^',t,7i,rhas'crme upon a region, ^vhich has 
silv°er, he will f^^^^^^"" ^i Wac^^ of its cliffs, the rug- 

hardly, a parallel on the eaxlhs surface in tn^^^ ,ts canons, and the 

gedness of Its precipices the deptn ana ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ 

wonderful character of f eroded ^°^ ^^ displaced by volcanic 

S', ^rl?e mSe^tu^fali'^^^ larger fissure veins and lodes. 



A MINING VENTURE. 



• „, then, you determine to try Jo- fo^^^^^^^^^ 
located a promising J^^^^^.^yf^^^^^es Jour partner on •' the grub stake 
expert as we have spoken of, ^^f °"=°^^^'on you furnishing the necessary- 
plan," as it is called m t^e mmmg^^^^oj' y ^^^ ^ Stables) against 

Sioneyand provisions (f «^t]y .^^^^' ^ TkS and working 

his experienced ^lining kno vledge and^kiU i ^^ ^.^^^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^, 

Stly; laSLf r cfn ^nd meaLj^o e^ploy f or the so^^^^^^^^^ 

?ote^sVt?ally developed the ^^^nerjoy^^^^^ claimed, and 

l^A^^nryrr^^Tntr hav^m^d^^uc^h examination and assay as to satisfy 

ycu that it probably contains paying ore. 

STAKING OFF YOTJB CLAIM. 

n« to Stake ofi your claim. By the United States 
Your first business is t^^taKe on y as thev sometimes are, you can 
niining laws, unless restricted by local l^^'^ J^^^^^ ^ ^idth of 300 feet 
S^L?500 feet in length upon t^e ^^^ ^/^^^^ Vylo'o' 'et, unless this extends 
on each side of it, making a tiact ^^ If "^^^^ ^Of acres. To make sure 
into other claims previously made^lh^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^^ drift 

of the course and dip of your hssure vein v ^. ^^ -^^^t you stake 

into It or sink a «haf t of sma^l size bef oi e rec^^^^ .^^^ ^.^^.^^ ^^g.^^^^,^ 

this ofi and have it Recorded withm U e^y ^ -^^ ^^^^h some promi 

office, describing It by Its metes and bounas ^^^^^^ ^^^ 

Lnt 'natural oblect, stating also the prec^^^^ tie point of discovery of the 

whether it is taken o%«°?^,^J„^f„';/citficate of location. At the same 
existence of the lode, and o^tam your certinca ^^ ^^^^^ 



time, 
notice 



• ^.nt as the Govemznent now refuses to adnxit a claim which has not been 
» This )s important, at. tne uuxcn^*" 
thus explored. 



^24 WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHER, 

and the direction from the point of discovery shaft. Tlie bounds of ths 
claim must be defined by good sized posts of wood or stone, set at suitable 
distance from each other. 

HOW TO ENTER SEVERAL CLAIMS. 

If several others are associated with you, you can, if vou choose claim r 
.similar tract of 1500 feet by 600 feet foJ eac?i person, nJt exceeding Sh? 
/Lfr ''^^^"S- 'i«^'«^«i-; ^V^cle exploration by a discovery shaft timnel or 
'drift on each plat, and having staked it off and ported a notice of it at the 
discovery shaft, giving all the particulars already specified for each plat. 
But these, several plats must not run into any other claim, and each must 
have m its central line a well defined lode or vein-and all these particulars 
must be given for each plat in the application for a recorder's certificate 
each lat ^'"° ""^ ""^^^^ ^^ *^^ Register and Receiver for 

HOLDING POSSESSION. 

In order to hold possession of these mining plats it is required that until 
the patent 13 issued-which may not be under one, two, or three years-the 
locator or locators must perform work, or make improvements on ea^h plat, 

tLwVi ? ''''^■^^'l ^^'^"^ ''''' l^^^di-"^ dollars each year. It may happen 
that the lode or (vem dips at such an angle as to come outside of the ckim 
on one side or the other, at a depth which is not too great to be worked- 
where this is the case the locator or his grantors and legal successors can 
c aim this vein between the vertical lines of 1500 feet (the extent of the 
claim), although these lines may be extended beyond the three hundred feet 
limit on either side. 

BLIND LODES AND TUNNELLING CLAIXS. 

_ If in tunnelling their lode the owners of a claim ccme upon blind lodes 
^e those not appearing at the surface, extending at a greater or less angl^ 
from the original lode and not previously known to exist, they have a ri|ht 

tunnel these blind lodes to an extent not exceeding 3000 feet, though 
they must be worked wjth reasonable diligence, and a failure to work them 
for SIX months is considered an abandonment of them. If they are worked 
continuously no surface claimant of the land beyond the limits of the 300 
feet and within 3000 feet of their commencement can make a valid claim to 
the surface under which they run. These are called tunnel rights. 

. CONTESTING CLAIMS. 

Where a contesting claim is brought against an original one, the law 
Tcquires that both parties should file a survey, which must be endorsed by 
the Surveyor General, and the Register publishes a full notice of both claims, 
Seaix4^th?claim ^^''^^^"^8, for sixty days in some newspaper published 

MAKING PAYMENT FOR THE CLAIM. 

Or if there is no adverse claimant, the publication may be made for the 
protection of the title of the original claimant, who at the end of the sixty 
days files his afiidavit showing the posting of the claim duving the sixty days, 
and that he has complied with the other requirements of the law, and asks 
lor his patent, paying to the Receiver, in addition to the other fees, five dol- 
lars for each acre and five dollars for each fraction of an acre in his claim 
Ihus in the case of a single claim the payment will be for the twenty and 
lour-seventh acres, one hundred and five dollars. The Receiver issues the 
usual duplicate receipt for this money and forwards all the papers to the 
t^eneral Land Ofiice at Washington, where a patent for the land is issued if 
It IS louud regular. 



THE west: 125 



PROSECUTINa AN ADVERSE CLAIM. 

If there is an adverse claimant who persists in his claiip, after the sixty 
days' publication the Receiver gives notice in writing to both parties, requir- 
ing the adverse claimant to proceed within thirty daj's to prosecute his claim 
before a court of competent jurisdiction, and if he fails to do so within that 
time, it will be considered waived, and the application of the original claim- 
ant for a patent will be allowed to proceed on its merits. 

These are all the provisions of the law in regard to lode or vein mining, and 
they apply as well to the newly discovered form of deposits known as con- 
tact lodes, except so far as "tunnel rights" are concerned. 

PLACER MINING UNCERTAIN, 

Placer mining comes under different provisions, but as we cannot advise 
you to invest in placer mining on account of its uncertainty, it is hardly 
worth while to specify the lengthy provisions of the law in regard to it. 

WORKING THE CLAIM. 

Kow, then, your claim to your mine being reasonably secured, you have 
time to find out what value there is to it, present or prospective. Here come 
in your uncertainties and perplexities. It may prove a fortune for you, and 
then again it may not. The chance is perhaps about one ia five that if your 
prospector was skillful, you have a good thing. 

THE DISCOUNT NECESSARY ON THE ASSAY. 

If it is a true fissure vein, and the dip is at such an angle that it can be 
worked without too much expense, it may prove profitable; but you must 
not suppose that because the lode at or near the surface yields on assay (if it 
is gold) eighty or a hundred dollars to the ton of ore or gangue, that you 
will be able to realize that amount per ton from it in practically working the 
vein. Even if it proved as rich at a greater depth as at the surface, which 
is not probable, as the productiveness usually diminishes to some extent as 
you penetrate deeper, the assay must be reduced at least twenty-five per cent, 
to estimate the actual working product. 

"pockets" AND "chimneys" VS. "HORSES." 

There may be "pockets" and "chimneys," spurs from the main vein, of 
exceptional richness yielding three, four or five hundred dollars or more per 
ton; but these are rare; while the occurrence of "horses" or boulders of 
porphyry or quartz, entirely barren of gold, blocking the vein for some feet, 
are far more frequent, and tracts of barren rock in the vein, extending for a 
hundred feet or more, are not uncommon. 

LOW GRADE ORES SOMETIMES PBOPITABLE. 

There are very few gold veins in the whole mining region whose average 
yield is as much as forty dollars to the ton; hundreds of veins are worked 
and yield a good profit under favorable circumstances where the yield does 
not exceed from six to thirteen dollars per ton. If your gold mine has a 
stamp mill near at hand, and you can transport your ore or quartz there 
without too heavy expense, and tlie gold is what is known as free milling 
gold, that is, pure or nearly pure gold in the quartz, and not a sulphuret, or 
other combination which requires, for its reduction, roasting or chloridiniz- 
ing or lixiviation (all expensive processes), you have no reason to be discour- 
aged if it does not yield over $15 or |20 to the ton. 



126 WHO SHOULD jnGRATE THITHER. 



CONTACT LODES, 

But it is possible that, instead of a fissure vein, you have a contact, lode. 
You do not know what that is ? Very probably; but we will tell you. It iv 
a newly-discovered form of mineral deposit, so far as we yet know confined 
to silver-bearing lead ores, in which, however, there may be some gold in 
combination with the silver and lead. These contact lodes were first discov- 
ered in the vicinity of Leadville, where their character was not for a long 
time understood ; but they have since been found in other localities on the 
western slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Colorado, and elsewhere, and it ia 
possible that some of the mines in the Black Hills, may prove to he of the 
same character. In the fissure veins or lodes the gold or silver (oftenest the 
gold) was found mixed with quartz and other broken down rock between 
walls of porphyry or other hard rock. These veins, and the fissure which 
they fill, may incline at any direction, but they are generally very narrow, 
varying from two or three inches, or even less, to perhaps, at the widest, 
four or five feet. When, therefore, the carbonate of silver deposits in the 
vicinity of Leadville began to uncover to a width of forty, fifty, and 
finally one hundred and even one hundred and fifty feet, people wond- 
ered at the tremendous dimensions of this vast fissure vein, and were 
ready to think they had hit upon the mother-vein of the Rocky Moun- 
tains. After a time, however, they began to find that, though so very broad, 
these deposits were not very thick ; that, while the true fissure veins pene- 
trated for an unknown distance into the earth, the miner in these, going 
down vertically, soon came to entirely barren rock. Penetrating through 
this, he might come to another layer of silver ore, or he might not. 

WHAT CONTACT LODES AKE. 

It was a considerable time after these discoveries were made before 
their real significance was understood. They are layers or strata of tho 
argentiferous carbonate of lead, interposed between the strata of rock, 
sandstone, limestone, slate, hornblende, gneiss, or granite, as the case may 
be, and they may extend to the right or left indefinitely, thinning out in 
some places and thicker in others; but their vertical thickness is not very 
great. In some instances, on penetrating through the lyiderlying stratum 
of rock, one, and we believe, in one instance two, similar deposits were 
found between lower strata. The name given to those deposits — contact 
jodes — expresses their character very well, for they are in contact with 
the strata above and below them. 

THESE CONTACT LODES NO KICHER TITAN THE FISSUKB VEINS. 

You are not to suppose that these deposits are entirely of pure ore, 
or indeed that they contain any larger proportion of pure silver or lead 
than the deposits contained in fissure veins. The average yield of silver 
and lead from the mines in the vicinity of Leadville is from $50 to $TTJ 
to the ton. A few have exceeded this for a time, but the yield of larger 
amounts, as of $200 to $350 per ton, has very soon fallen off. 

C0STT.Y KEDUCTION WORKS NECESSARY. 

Like all silver mining, this cannot be carried on successfully without 
costly reduction works, smelters, or works for roasting, chloridinization, 
lixiviation, etc. These, if owned by other parties than the owners of the 
mines, generally absorb the largest share of the profits, and in the end often 
become the proprietors of the mine, if it is a good one. 

LARGE CAPITAL NECESSARY FOR SILVER MINING. 

The point where the small mining proprietor begins to lose ground, and 
make losses instead of profits, is the one where he finds that more capital is 
indispensable for tlie development of his mine, and, in order to secure that 



iHE west: 137 

eapital, parts with a controlling interest in it, and soon is crowded out by 
his wealthier associates, who take advantage of his toil and sacrifices, with- 
out making him any adequate return for them. 

There are not to-day a dozen mines in all the West which are in the hand* 
of their original discoverers or owners. 

MINING IN THE SMALL WAY IN AKIZONA. 

In Arizona, to those who are disposed to brave the climate, and the often 
protracted drought, and the isolation from the great centres of life and civ- 
ilization, there are good opportunities for mining, even on a small scale. 
The lodes, both of gold and silver, are exceptionally rich, and even the sim- 
plest and rudest processes yield large returns. In no other region among 
civilized nations can a farmer do as General Frgmont says many of the Ari- 
zona farmers are in the habit of doing — viz. : having found a gold mine upon 
their farms, which they have not the means of working on a large scale, they 
pursue theii ordinary farm- work, and, when a leisure day comes, dig a quan- 
tity of gold ore from the vein, pound it up in a wooden or stone mortar with 
a log pestle, wash it in an old tin pan, or pick out the gold if it is in large 
grains, or amalgamate it if it is in small scales or powder, after the rude 
Mexican way, and then expel the mercury by heat. At the next market-day, 
with their other produce, they bring their bag of gold dust and sell it, re- 
peating the process when spending money runs low. This method of min- 
ing \s rather wasteful, as much of the gold is lost ; but there is more money 
made by it there than in many of the mines by more expensive processes. 

The vein and lodes in Arizona are so rich in gold and silver that there ia 
a much better opportunity for men of small means to unite together and re- 
duce the ores in a small way and with inexpensive apparatus, and obtain 
la^ge profits, than anywhere else.* 

THE MINING OP OTHER MINERALS. 

But gold and silver are not the only minerals to be mined in this Western 
country, nor the o»ly minerals which will yield a large profit. The produc- 
tion of gold and silver in the United States amounts to from eighty to ninety 
million dollars a year, and in the coming years will undoubtedly exceed one 
hundred millions; but it constitutes only about one twelfth of the entire 
mineral production of the country. The coal mines yield a much larger an- 
nual amount than the mines of gold and silver — at least three, and perhaps 
four, times as much. Copper, lead, and zinc are produced annually to the 
amount of more than one hundred millions, while iron and steel, the latter 
now made directly from the ore, exceed two hundred millions. The other 
mineral products, such as petroleum, salt, plaster of Paris, cement, sulphur, 
borax, nitrates and carbonates of soda and potassa, etc., etc., make up an- 
other large sum. The production and marketing of some of these minerals 
will yield a more certain, and in the end, a larger profit than most of th« 
gold and silver mining. 

PETROLEUM AND COAL. 

Petroleum and coal production, in particular (the former found in grtia4 
abundance in Wyoming Territory and in California, and probably in some of 
the other States and Territories, and the latter in many parts of the West),t 

* There is, however, a strong probability that the marked tendency, which is no-w mani- 
fested, to invent or discover processes by which the severe labor and large expense now 
incurred in the reduction of gold and silver ores may be materially lessened, will not prove 
unavailing in other regions than Arizona. The recent invention of Mr. Edison by which the 
tailings from the stamp mills and amalgamated plates may be made to yield up a large per- 
centage of gold hitherto lost, and another process, even more successful, now about to be 
brought to public notice, gives us great reason to hope that we are about to see cheap yold 
mining at least. 

+ The coal-beds west of the Mississippi are of all Imown qualities, and are valuable for 
fuels, for gas-making, for smelting, and the production of iron and steel. Many of them are 
geologically lignite, or coals of the tertiary formation; but in New Mexico, and perhaps at 
other boints, we have a phenomenon which is not know to exist elsewhere on the globe- 
viz: these soft, lignite, bituminous coals transformed into anthracite by yoloauia action. 



128 WHO SnotTLD MIGKATE THITHER. 

are industrious, which cannot fail to prove profitable and to be largefy de- 
veloped within the next five or ten years. The production of copper and 
lead is already very large, and it is not necessary now to send the ores of tba 
former to Euro]3e to be smelted. 

SALT, BORAX, AND SULPITUR. 

Salt, a prime necessity of human life, and used extensively in mining pro« 
«esses and in meat packing, is found in all forms : by evaporation at the 
salt lakes and on the ocean shores, by boiling and solar evaporation from 
brine springs, and by mining in the numerous deposits of rock-salt. Borax 
(bi-borate of soda) is found as a natural product in California and Nevada, 
in such quantities, that its gather! ug and exportation is a large and growing 
business. The alkaline plains yield at certain points carbonates and nitrates 
of soda and potassa (cooking-soda, saleratus, saltpetre, etc.) in large quan- 
tities, and nearly chemically pure sulphur is very abundant in California, 
Nevada, and Utah, and can be exported with great profit. An industry in 
which there is not too mucli competition is much more certain to yield suc- 
cess than one of greater promise into which thousands are rushing. 

THE ARTISAN IN THE WEST. 

But it may be tha you have no fancy for mining or the exploiting of min- 
eral products. You have not been brought up on a farm, nor been accus- 
tomed to the rearing of live stock. You have a good trade, and are sKiiiul 
in it, and you have been accustomed from boyhood to the care ol a garden, 
and to the cultivation of vegetables, fruit trees, and flowers; but your pres- 
ent quarters are too contracted for any considerable indulgence of your 
tastes. You have, moreover, a great desire to go TV est. What shall you do? 
Go, by all means, friend. You will find abundant employment, and a good 
opportunity to acquire a competence. You ir.ay have to rough it at first, 
but in a short time you will find yourself in ft position of comfort. 

WHAT CALLINGS ARE MOST SUCCESSFUL. 

If your calling is one of the indispensable ones — builder, mason, plasterer, 
painter, glazier, paper-hanger, blacksmith, butcher, baker, hatter and fur- 
rier, or perhaps tanner, shoemaker, harness-maker, brick-maker, watchmaker 
and jeweller, bookbinder, stationer and news-dealer, miller, saw-mill tender, 
tinman, roofer, etc., etc. — you will find plenty of work in any of the new- 
mining towns or farming villages, and at good prices; but take our advice: 
secure, before it is too high, a forty-acre lot of good land in the immediate 
vicinity, have it broken up, build a house on it, small at first, but so it can 
be enlarged easily. Sow your land to wheat or root crops, and you can sell 
this crop at home, with but little trouble, and add a comfortable amount to 
your income. Then plant young trees — shade trees, fruit trees of well- 
known and choice varieties — and devote your spare moments and hours to 
them; plant eight or ten acres, as soon as you can, with all the vegetables 
and truck which go to make up a market garden, and you will soon find 
that however profitable your trade maybe, your market garden brings in 
twice as much ; and your nursery of young trees will soon be thronged with 
purchasers. If you have children who are growing up, add flowers, build a 
greenhouse, ar^d as fast as you can learn the art of floral cultivation, work 
into the florist's business. 

KURSERIES, MARKET GARDENS, AND GREENHOUSES. ^ 

If work at your trade is dull, push your flowers, your market garden, 
your nursery, the more, if work is brisk, train your children to attend to 
this, giving them your oversight as often as you can. 



THE west: 120 



HO .tTICULTURR "JS. SPECULATION. 

Following up this course, you need not break your heart if your neighbor 
A, who is a mine owner, finds a pocket in his mine wliich yields him many 
thousand dollars, or if your neighbor B sells out his shares for fifty or a 
hundred thousand dollars more than they cost him. You are adding to the 
earth's production, you are making two blades of grass grow where only one 
grew before, or a hundred trees where none grew pVeviously; your neighbor 
■who speculates in shares produces nothing, he only gambles on what others 
have produced. You may acquire property more slowly than he, but your 
course is suie and safe, and the chances are that ten years hence, you will 
be much the richer man of the two, though he may have won and lost a 
dozen fortunes in that time. 

THE TEACHER AT THE WEST. 

If you are a teacher, and would better your condition by emigrating to 
the West, our advice would be much the same. Good teachers are always 
in demand, even in the newest towns. The Yankee must have a school- 
house, and, generally, a church too, in his new village, quite as soon as a 
house for himself; the school-house, at all events, is sure to come very soon, 
whatever the nationality of the settlers of the town. But while you arc 
teaching the young idea how to shoot, teach the shrubs, the young trees, and 
the flowers and vegetables to put forth their shoots too. Secure your forty 
acres as near to the town as possible, and make and keep it productive. 
Then, when teaching becomes a drudgery, and you desire to be relieved from 
its cares, you will have a valuable property, and a profitable business to make 
your declining years comfortable. Keep bees, if you can, or pigeons or 
poultry, rabbits or hares, or pet birds, anything except cats and curdogs. 
Teach your children botany and natural history, and lead their minds up 
fi'om the beautiful flowers to Ilim wiio painted them with His sunbeams, and 
from the wise and curious animals, so well adapted to their modes of living, 
to Him whose omniscience guides all the actions of His creatures, and whose 
providence provides for their needs. 

PROFESSIONAL MEN, CLERGYMEN. 

The members of the several learned professions hardly need our advice ia 
regard to emigration. Clergymen, in the exercise of their clerical duties, 
will find their positions at first trying, because of the present poverty of 
most of the settlers. When a man has expended all his means in paying for 
his land and its first cultivation, and the food which his family must con- 
sume before he realizes on his first crop, he cannot aid in supporting a min- 
ister, however strong may be his desire to do so. Moreover, these new im- 
migrants must aid in building a church edifice of some kind, as well as in sup- 
porting a pastor, and this, while still straitened in regard to their own means 
living. After a few years this will be easy, but meantime they cannot with 
safety dispense with the church or clergyman. If the clergyman has any 
spare money he will do well to buy some land, or at least to secure the title 
of it to himself; it may be very convenient by and by. In most instances 
the Home Missionary Societies, of the different denominations, in the East 
will grant aid to deserving churches and ministers, till the churches aie able 
to stand alone. 

LAWYERS AND PHYSICIANS. 

Lawyers and physicians are plenty enough, but they fare rather better 
than clergymen. The lawyers find a great deal of business in the abundant 
litigation in the mining districts and in conveyancing, and most of them 
have an additional resource in politics, which sooner or later bring them 
into ofificial positions. The physicians, beside their professional duties, are 
mostly either chemists, metallurgists, or botanists, and find employment which 



130 WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHER. 

is profitable, either in connection with some of the mining, assaying or 
smelting companies, or in a professor's chair. 

ENGINEEKS AND ARTISTS. 

Engineers are sure of constant employment, whether mining or civil 
engineers, if they understand their business. 

Artists generally come as visitors, not immigrants, but are often employed 
.by the wealthy mine ownei-s very profitably. 

OPERATVES AND EMPLOYES IN FACTORIES, ETC. 

Employes and operatives in manufactories may find employment in some 
kinds of manufacture in tlie States nearest the Mississippi, for there is a large 
amount of manufacturing in Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, and 
Kansas, and manufactures are increasing in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. 
There is some opportunity for millers, saw-mill hands, sash, door and blind 
makers, coopers, agricultural machinery hands, iron ana steel rail makers, 
iron furnace and foundry hands, stove and hollow ware founders and finish- 
ers, smelters, and in California and Oregon, salmon packers and a few 
woollen factory hands. In Kansas, Arkansas and Texas there are some 
cotton factories, and many oil mills for expressing cotton-seed oil, castor oil, 
linseed oil, etc. 

COTTON AND WOOLLEN FACTORIES. 

The factories for manufacturing cotton and wool are likely to increase 
largely within a few years. A machine has been invented, and is now in 
use to some extent, for spinning cotton with the seed in it, unginned, and 
the yarn is much better and more beautiful and durable than can be produced 
from ginned cotton. The yarn produced by these machines is destined to 
be manufactured largely in the vicinity of the cotton fields, and will thus 
create a home demand for cotton. Wool is now produced so largely through- 
out this whole region, that much saving of freight will result from its manu- 
facture near the centres of wool production. When this is accomplished, 
the operatives from Eastern cotton and woollen factories will find it for their 
interest to emigrate westward. 

IS IT NECESSARY TO GO WEST ? 

But, after all, is it not barely possible that there are lands east of the 
Mississippi, where, all things being taken into the account, a man or family 
can live as well and make as much money as in the West, and at the same 
time avoid the hardships and discomforts of a life on the frontier ? 

There is the same choice of occupations here as at the West. Land is not 
quite so low, generally, but on the other hand you avoid the long and ex- 
pensive journey to the West. The agricultural production, under favorable 
circumstances, does not differ materially; but there prices are low and the 
cost of transportation to a better and higher market is very heavy, while 
here you have a market almost at your doors, and that, one which pays the 
highest price for produce. If there is a difference, as tliere certainly is in 
some sections, the Eastern climate is healthier, neither the heat nor the cold 
so oppressive, the rainfall suffieientto prevent any apprehension of a drought, 
tSie insect pests much less formidable, and the danger from malarial fevers 
less serious. The intensity of the cold of winter is greater in the northern 
tier of States and Territories of the West than in the middle Atlantic States, 
and the heat of the south-western States and Territories in summer, has no 
!f)arallel in tiie East. 

WHERE THE NEW LANDS ARE — MAINE AND NEW ENGLAND GENERALLY. 

" But where,'" you will ask, " are these lands, to which you refer in the 
Atlantic States, and how can we reach them?" We answer, Not perhaps in 
Maine, though there is much good land in the State which is to be had at 



THE west: 131 

from three to five dollars per acre; but it is, for the most part, somewhat 
remote from good markets, and the -svinter's cold is severe and proti'acted. 
Yet if you wish to engage in silver or copper mining there is a very fair 
opportunity for doing so in Maine, and with perhaps as good results as most 
men will attain at the West, and with lighter expenses. 

Northern New Hampshire and Vermont have some good lands to be pur- 
chased at low prices, but the winters are hard and the soil rocky. Massa- 
chusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island are too densely populated to have 
much cheap land. Still there are old farms to be bought very low in the 
two former states, which need only the energy of a thorough farmer, to bring 
them into a thrifty condition and to make them yield very profitable crops. 
There are more or less mines and quarries in all three, which would pay well 
if well managed. 

NEW YORK — NORTHERN NEW YORK. 

New York has two large tracts of land and several smaller ones which, all 
things considered, are as favorably situated for profitable settlement as most 
of the Western lands. These are, first, the region known as " the Adiron- 
dacks," " John Brown's Tract," etc., in Northern New York. The country 
is well watered, the soil is mostly a virgin soil, with considerable timber of 
excellent quality on it, and will yield large crops of spring wheat, rye, and 
barley, the early sorghum, and in some sections Indian corn. The land can be 
purchased for from two to five dollars per acre, except where there is heavy 
timber on it, when it would probably be worth from eight to ten dollars. It 
is not at present traversed by any railroads, but these would soon be con- 
structed if settlements were made there. The winter is very cold, but so it 
is in the valley of the Red River of the North. Wheat, rye, oats, and barley, 
as well as potatoes and other root crops for which it is well adapted, can be 
brought to market at a moderate expense, and the prices they will command 
are much higher than those paid in the West. 

LONG ISLAND. 

The second region which is eligible for settlement in New York, is on 
Long Island, and mainly in Suffolk County. It seems almost incredible that 
half a million of acres of land lying between thirty-five and ninety miles 
from New York City, the best and most inexhaustible market in the world, 
with a good soil, a very healthful climate, well watered, and having a suf- 
ficient but not excessive annual rainfall, should lie unimproved, and be at 
the present time for sale at from five to twelve dollars per acre. And the 
wonder is all the greater, when we find that a railroad passes through the 
whole length of this tract, with several branches, and that no part of it is more 
than twelve miles from the railroad, and much of it within from one to five 
miles of it, and that this railroad is now offering every facility to farmers, to 
transport their produce to market, and to bring from the city the needed fer- 
tilizers. The shores of the island abound in the best qualities of edible fish, 
oysters, clams, mussels, scollops, lobsters, crabs, etc., andthe jpfame birds and 
four-footed game of the whole region are abundant. On the island are forty 
factories for the production of oil from the menhaden, and the fish-scrap, or 
guano, one of the best fertilizers known, is now sent away from the island, 
because there is little or no demand for it there. 

■WHY IT HAS NOT BEEN SETTLED HITHERTO. 

The only causes which can be assigned for the non-settlement of these 
lands, are the apathy of the inhabitants, and their lack of enterprise, andthe 
evil report which has been made, falsely, of the barrenness of the lands, by 
those who preferred to supply themselves with wood from these lands, rather 
than to have them cultivated and populous, and be obUged to purchase coal 
for fuel. This state of affairs is now passing away. 



132 WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHER. 



ITS ADVANTAGES. 

The land can be cleared at from five to ten dollars per acre, some of the 
timber being large enough for building purposes or for railroad ties. It 
■will yield from twenty-five to thirty-five bushels of -wheat or from twenty to 
twenty-eight bushels of rye to the acre, from two hundred and fifty to three 
hundred and fifty bushels of potatoes of the best quality, and with good cul- 
tivation and fair manuring, the whole region can be transformed into market 
gardens, fruit orchards, and strawberry, blackberry, and raspberry lands of 
the greatest productiveness, and for all these products there is an unfailing 
demand at the highest prices, in New York and Brooklyn and the cities ad- 
jacent. 

MARKET-GARDEN FARMING MORE PROFITABLE HERE THAN AT THE "WEST. 

With the same capital, a young farmer, who is intelligent and enterpris- 
ing, can do better on these lands, than he can in Kansas, Minnesota, Dakota, 
or Montana, and can be so conveniently situated to the great city that he or 
his family can visit it as often as they please. The great summer resorts of 
Cony Island, Rockaway Beach, Long Beach, Fire Island, and Montauk, 
•which are visited by nearly two millions of people every season, afford ad- 
ditional markets for produce. The island affords also great opportunities 
for successful manufacturing. The great city of Brooklyn at its western ex- 
tremity, has more than 250 millions of dollars invested in manufacturing, 
and there is now rapid progress in the establishment of manufactories in the 
counties of Queens and Suffolk. 

NOT ADAPTED TO MINING. 

There are not, at present, any known mineral deposits of great value on 

the island, whatever there may be in the future. The man whose heart is 

set on obtaining wealth from mining, will do better to go elsewhere ; but 

even he need not go to the Rocky Mountains or the Pacific coast to find 

( employment suited to his tastes, as we shall presently show. 

NEW JERSEY. 

If "Long Island's rock-bound shore" does not satisfy your longings for 
a new home, what have you to say to New Jersey? 

Just listen to a few facts in relation to the lands which can be furnished 
to immigrants in that State. These facts are officially published, during the 
present year, by the Secretary of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor and In- 
dustry of New Jersey. 

A MILLION ACRES. 

There are more than a million of acres of uncleared lands in t?ie eight 
'southern counties of New Jersey, which can be purchased at from $5 to $20 
per acre. They have been held by large proprietors, and most of them have 
their titles direct from the "Lords Proprietors." Penn, Fenwick, Byllinge, 
and others, wlio rcc<-ived their grants from Charles 11. These great jirojirie- 
tors hold (heir estates of from 17,000 to 80,000 acres of woodlands, and in- 
creased their fortunes by selling wood, timber and charcoal to tiie forges, 
iron furnaces, and glass-works of the vicinity. These great estates are now 
broken up, and tlici use of anthracite and other coals for the furnaces and 
ghiss-works, and for fuel, has rendered their former business less jjroduc- 
tive. 

THE SOHi AND CLIMATE — FERTILIZERS. 

The soil of these lands is good, a light loam, but easily cultivated ; it can 
be readily fertiliz-ed hy the use of mtirl, which is abundant in the imme- 
cliate vicinity, and is worth from $1 to $1.75 per ton; lime, which is worth 



THE west: 1C3 

from twelve to fifteen cents a bushel ; or fish guano, which is a very power- 
ful manure, worth from |15 to $18 per ton. It will produce almost any crop 
which you may desire to cultivate, and yields fine crops of the cereals and 
Indian corn (thirty to sixty bushels of the latter), root crops, melons, market- 
garden vegetables of excellent quality, fruit of great excellence, and all the 
small fruits. Railroads traverse all ttiesc counties, and both New York and 
Philadelphia furnish excellent markets. 

The climate is very mild, the mean annual range of the thermometer bein^ 
only 43^° and the extremes being about 90° and 15° F. 

RAINFALL, GRAPE CULTURE, MANUFACTURES, ETC. 

The rainfall is about 48 inches. Ploughing can be done every month in 
the year. The culture of the grape is a favorite industry, and the grape at- 
tains great perfection from the long season without frost. The region is re- 
markably healthy and free from all malarious influences. It is especially 
commended for sufferers from pulmonary complaints. 

Here are glass-works, silk factories, iron mines, artificial-stone works, 
iron furnaces, and a great variety of other manufacturing and mining indus- 
tries. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

If, however, you still prefer a country abounding in mineral wealth, turn 
your face westward or rather south-westward, and you will find in "West Vir- 
ginia, western North Carolina, or east Tennessee all that your heart can de- 
sire in the way of mineral wealth. In West Virginia the most abundant min- 
erals are petroleum, salt, coal, and iron, and all are found in the greatest 
abundance. The salt springs along the banks of the Great Kanawha yield a 
salt of the very best quality. The petroleum wells yield mostly the heavy 
lubricating oils, though some of them produce the lighter illuminating oils. 
The quantity seems to be inexhaustible. The coal is of several varieties, but 
all of excellent quality. There are cannel coals, gas coals, smelting coals, 
analogous to the Indiana block coil, and some semi-anthracite coals for fuel. 
At some points in the canon of New River and elsewhere, the best iron ores 
and furnace coals are in such close proximity, that the pig iron can be pro- 
duced at tlie lowest possible cost, limn and other fluxes being also at hand, 
and the cars of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway passing close at hand to 
carry it away. The climate is salubrious and pleasant, except on the moun- 
tain summits, where the snow lies long. The mountain slopes are covered 
with valuable timber, furnishing the principal supply of black walnut and 
other hard woods to the manufacturers of furniture. The soil in the val- 
leys is excellent, the rainfall sufficient, and the crops satisfactory. Land is 
cheap here, but the settler, though nearer the great markets than at the West, 
is very much isolated. 

NORTH CAROLINA, 

In her mountainous region, in the west of the State, has veins of gold 
and silver, which, though not very rich, yield a fair competence to the in- 
dustrious miner. She has also mountains of mica, from which the best large 
sheets are procured ; and some iron and lead. The soil is not very rich, and 
the method of tilling it is primitive. There is much timber in the moun- 
tains. The climate is agreeable, and there are valuable mineral sprmgs at 
several points. Land is held at low prices, but its quality is not such as to 
'make it very desirable. 

EAST TENNESSEE. 

East Tennessee has valuable iron mines, copper mines, and coal-beds, 
and at several points is largely engaged in the production of iron which is of 
excellent quality. There is also gold, salt, and some petroleum in her hills. 
Much of her land is covered with heavy timber. Land is cheap, but the soil 



fS4 "WHO SHOULD MIGRATE THITHER. 

is poor, and requires fertilizers to enable the settler to procure good crops. 
But the mineral wealth of the region -will eventually enrich it. Northern 
Georgia and Alabama have considerable quantities of gold and silver, but the 
ores are poor, or the precious metals have not been thoroughly extracted. 
These regions are not very attractive to the emigrant. 

rLORIDA. 

J Florida offers many advantages to the settler in her fine climate, her 
■generally fertile soil, and her early seasons. The cultivation of the orange 
has been greatly developed there, and is profitable to those who can wait for 
the maturity of the orange groves. This takes about ten years, and then 
the income is permanent and constantly increasing. Some parts of the pen 
insula are subject to malarial diseases. 

THE MORAL. 

The moral of our long dissertation is, that with health, industry, enter- 
prise, and economy a man can achieve a competence almost anywhere : with- 
out thfim. b« will not succeed, even under the most Ibvorable circiunstances. 



135 



"ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO." 



UISTOKICAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



1T61. 
Excitement in the colonics against the Brit- 
ish Government, caused by eiifarcement of 
Navigation Act against illegal traders. 

1765. 
Protests against Stamp Act (passed Marcli 
22) !>}' the colonists, who ol ject to taxation 
without roprcsentution. . .Oct. 7 — First Col- 
onial Congress met in New York, 

17(36. 
Stamp Act repe.il d. 

1767. 
New duties levied on glass, paper, printers' 
colors and tea. and against which the colonial 
aasemblies protest. 

1768. 
Gen. Gates sent to Boston to overawe the 
colonists. 

1770. 
March 5 — Boston Massacre, when the first 
blood was spilt in the dispute with England. 
. . . .Daniel Boone explores Kentucky. 

1771. 
Armed protest against taxation in the 
Carolinas, and Governor Tyrou suppresses 
the rebellion. 

1773. 
Bri ish Parliament repeals the duties, ex- 
cept three-pence a pound on tea. . . .Dec. 16 — 
Dutiable tea emptied into Boston Harbor by 
men in disguise. 

1774. 
Boston closi'd by British Parliament as a 
port of entry. . . .Sept. 5 — The first Conti- 
nental Congress assembled in Carpenter's 
Hall, Philadelphia Declaration of Colonial 
Rights issue 1. .. .April — Tea thrown over- 
board in New York Harbor. .. .Dec. 25 — 
British tea-ship forbidden to laud at Phila- 
delphia. 

1775. 
April 19 — Battle of Lexington, Mass., and 
beginning of the War of Lidependence. . . . 
May 10 — Fort Tieonderoy;a captured by Cd. 
Ethan Allen. . . .Crown Point and Whitehall 
taken. . . .June 17 — Battleof Bunker Hill, and 
death of General Warren... 20 — George 
M'ashingion commissioned Commander-in- 
chief of the Arm}- of the United Colonies . . . 
Bills of credit, known as Continental money, 
issued by Congress. .. .Americnns invade 
Canada. .. .Surrender of Montreal ...Death 
of General Montgomery before Quebec. . . . 
Kentucky first settled by whites, near Lex- 
ington. 



1776. 

March 17 — The liritish evacuate Boston. 
....Americans driven out of C.uiada. . . , 
July 4 — Declaration of Independence. . . . 
Ann-. 2 — Signed by the reprcsen atives of the 
thirteen States . . .July 8 — Road to the peo- 
ple by John Nixon Irora the Observatory, 
State-iiouse yard, rhilndelphia. . . .Aug. 27 — 
Americans defeated on Long Island. . . Sept. 
9 — Title of " United Stati s" adopted by Con- 
gress. . . .Sept. 15 — New York City taken by 

the British Oct. 11, 1 J— Battle on Lake 

Charaplain. .. .Retreat of Washington over 
the Hudson and across the Jeiseys to Penn- 
S3ivania. . . .Oct. 18 — Kosciusko commission- 
ed an officer in U. S. army . , . .Oct. 29 — Bat- 
tle of White Plain.s, N. Y. . . .Dec. — Congress 
adjourns to Baltimore. . . .25 — Washington 
crosses the Delaware; 26 — Captures 1,000 
Hessians at Trenton, and recrosses the Dela- 
ware.... Deo. — Benjamin Franklin and Ar- 
thur Lee, U. S. Embassy to solicit .-lid from 
France, arrive in Paris. 
1777. 

Jan. 8 — Battle of Princeton... Washing- 
ton in Winter quai-ters at Morristown, re- 
ceives 24,00o muskets from France . . .Con- 
gress returns to riiiladelphia . . . .April — 
British burn Danbury, Ct. .. .May— Ameri- 
cans destroy British stores at Sag H rbor, 
L. I. . . .June 30 — British army crosses from 
Jersey to Staten Island . . .Jul}' lo— Seizure 
of British Gen. Prescott in Rhode Island bv 

Col. Wm. Barton July 5 — Burgoyne tak.-s 

Crown I'oint andTicondcrogM. . . 31 — Lafay- 
ette commissioned a major a-cneral, and intro- 
duced to Washington, in Phikxilelphia, .Aug 3. 

Aug. Ifi— Battle of Benuino-'ton .". .. 

Sept. 11 — Battleof (-irandvwine and retrc b 
of Americans to Chester, and to Phil ulelpli-a 
12. ...Sept. 18 — Consjress retires to Lancns- 
ter, and then to York .28 — IMtish Gen. 
Howe marches to Philadelphia, and encamps 
at Germantown ...Oct 4 — Washington at- 
tacks the enemy at Germantown. . . .Bu"- 
goyne advances to Saratoj^a ..17 — Surren- 
der of Burgoyne and his whole army to 
Gen. Gates, at Saratoga, N. Y. . . .22 — Battle 
of Red Bank, on Delaware River, and death 
of Count Donop. .. .Howe's army goi-a into 
Winter quarters in Philadelphia, and Wash- 
ington's at Valley Forsje. 
1778. 

Feb. 6— Treaty of Alliance with France. 
. . . .May 5 — Baron Steuben created a majoc 



136 



CHEONOLOGY. 



general in American army.... June 18 — 
Howe's army evacuates I'hiladelphia, and re- 
treats towards JSew York 28 — Att:icked 

by Americans on the plains of Monmouth, 
iind retreats again 2'J. . . .July 8 — A Irench 
fleet arrives in the Delaware. .. .30— Con- 
gress meets in Piiiladelpliia. . . .Shoes worth 
STOO a jiaii" in the Carolinas. . . .Aug. 12 — 
French and Englisli fleets d sabU-il in a 
storm ofl' Rhode Island . . ti!»— Battle of 
llhode Island. . . .Wyoming Valley pillaged 
by Tories and Indians. .. .N<.v. 3— French 

fleet sails for West Indies 11, 12 — Cherry 

Valley attacked by Indians and Tories. . . . 

Dec, 29 — The Eritish capture Savannali, Ga. 

1779. 

March — Major-general Israel Putnam's fam- 
ous ride down Horseneck Hid. . . .Muy 11 — 
British advance to Charleston, S. C, but re- 
treat at the approach of Gen, Lincoln . . . 
June 6 — Patrick Henry dies. . . .June — Nor- 
folk, Va., burnt by the British. . . .June 20 — 
Ami-ricans repulsed at Stone Ferry .... July 
■ — New Haven, Ct., plundered, and East 
Haven, Fairiield and Norwalk burned... 
btouy Point, on the Hudson, captured by the 
Americans. .. .Sept. 22 — Paul Jones, in the 
Bon Homme Richard, captures the British 
ship Serapis. . . .(Jet. 9 — Repulse of French 
and Americans, and death of Count Pulaski. 

25 — Withdrawal of British troops from 

Rhode Island. . . .Gen. Sullivan chastises the I 
Six Nations . , .Dec. 25 — Sir Henry Clinton, | 
with his forces, sails for the Snuth. . . . 
Washington in Winter quarters at Morris- 
town, N. J, 

1780. 

Washington sends Baron De Kalb to ai i 
the Piitriots in the Carolinas. . . Feb. 11 — 
Clinton's troops land below Charleston. . . . 

May 12 — Surrender of Charleston ^ubju- 

gation of South Caiolina. . . .Gen. Gates 
marches South, antl is dett-afed by the Brit- 
ish at Camden, S. C, Aug. Iti; . aron DeKalb 
killed ..British again land in Jersey and 
attempt to capture Washington's s ore^ at 
Morristow^n, but are repulsed at Springfield, 
June 23... July 10 — Arrival of a French 
•fleet and 6,000 troops, under the Count de 

Rochirabeau, at Newport, R. I Sept. 22 — 

Arnold ineets Andrn at Haverstmw to ar- 
r.mge for the surrender of West Point. . . .23 
— Capture of Major Andre and discovery i>f 

Benedict Arnold's trea.son Oct — Andre 

hanged as a spy ... .American Academy of 
Irts a^d Sciences, at Boston, founded. 
1781. 

Continental money almost worthless.... 
Jan. 17 — Defeat of the Briti-h at Cowpens by 
Gen. Morgan, and retreat of the Americ.ins 
into Virginia. . . .March 15 — Battle of Gui'- 
ford . . .1?t- treat of the British to Wilmin<xton. 
. . . .May 2fi — Act of Congress authorizing 
IBank of North America to be established at 
Philadelphia Battle of Eutaw Springs, 



South Carolina. . . .New London, Ct., bn nt 
by the British ... .Arnold, in the Briush 
service, commits depredations in Virgiuia. 

Aug. — Cornwallis fortifies himself at 

Yorktown. .. .Arnold devastates the New 
England coast. . . .Sept. 28 — Washington and 
Rdchambeau arrive before Yorkt jwn. . . .Oct. 
19 — Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, 
which secures the ultimate triumph of the 
United Slates. .. .Rochambeau remains in 
Virginia, and Washington marches North, 
and goes into Winter quarters on the Hudson. 
1782. 
Eritish flee from Wilmington, S. C, at the 
approach of Gen. St. Clair. .. .Clinton and 
Lis army blockaded in New York by Wash- 
ington. . . .March 4 — British House of Com- 
mons resolves to end the war. . . .May 5 — Ar- 
rival of Sir Guy Carleton to treat .or peace. 
. . . July II — British evacuate Savannah. . . . 
First war ship constructed in the United 
States at Portsmouth, N. H . . .John Adams, 
John Jay, Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas 
Jefterson and Henry Laurens appointed by 
tlie United States, Commissinneis to conclude 
a treaty of peace wtth Great Britain.... 
Four of them me^t English Commissioners in 
Paris, and sitin p.reliminary treaty Nov. 30. 
. . . .Dec. 14 — British evacuate Charleston, 
and Gen. Francis Marion ('The Swamp 
Fox " ) disbands his brigade. 
1783. 

Jan. — Bank of North America opened in 
Philadelphia. .. .Jan. 20 — French and En- 
li'lish Commissioners sign treaty of peace. 
. . ..A cessation of hostilities proclaimed in 
the army . . . Feb. 5 — American Indejiendence 
acknowledged by Swede; Feb. 25, acknowl- 
edged by Denmaik; March 24, bv Spain; 
July, l)y Ru-sia. . . .Sept. 3 — Definite treaty 
of peace signed at Pi'iis, and America's in- 
dependence acknowledged by Great Britain. 
. . . . Jut)e 19 — Society of the Cincinnati 
firmed by officers of the army at Newburg. 
....Nov. 3 — United States army formally 
di-<banded. . . .25 — New York City evacuated 
by the British, and General Wa.shington, at 
head of American aimy, entered the city. .: . 
26 — Congress assembles at Annapolis, Md. 
. . . .Dec. 4 — Washington takes leave of hi^ 
comrades-in-arms. New York City.... Dec. 
23 — Washington resigns his commission to 
Congress. .. .Slavery abolished in Massa- 
chusetts. .. .The parties known as Federal- 
ists and Anti-Federalists originated. 
1784. 

First voyage of an American ship to China 
from New York ...New York Chamber of 
Commerce founded ..Jan. 4 — Treaty of 
Paris ratified by Congress. 
]'785. 

John Adams, firt American ambassador ti 
Fngiatd, has an audience with the Ki'g . . . 
F r~t Federal Congress organized in New 
York. 



CHRONOLOGY. 



13T 



1786. 
ShaVa insurrection in Massachusetts. 

1787. 

May 25— A convention to amend articles 

of ('onfederatiun composed of dek-gates from 

all the States except Rhode Islind met in 

Philadelphia. Federal constitution formed 

and suVimitted to Congress Sept. 28 July 

—Northwestern Territory, embracing the 
present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Michio-an and Wisconsin established. 
1788. 
Quakers of Thiladelphia emancipate their 
slaves. 

1789. 
Inarch 4 — Federal Constitution ratified by 
the requi-site number of States, and becomes 

the organic law of the Republic March 11 

— Philadelphia incorporated as a city.... 
April 6 — Washington chosen the first Presi- 
dent of the United States, and John Adams 
Vice-President .. .30— Washington inaujKU- 
rated at the Citv Hall, Wall Street. NewYork. 
Departments of Treasury, War and For- 
eign Affairs created, and a national judici- 
ary established Nov. 21 — North Carolina 

adopts the Constitution. 
1790. 
District of Columbia ceded to the United 

States by Maryland and Virginia April 17 

—Death of Benjiimin Franklin May 29 — 

Rhode Island adopts the Constitution, being 
the last of the original thirteen States to do 
so.... Aug. 19 — Congress adjourns in New 
York, and, Dec. 6, meets in Philadelphia. . . . 
First census ot't: e United States: population 

.S, 929, 326 Territory South-west of the 

Ohio established. A United States ship cir- 
cumnavigates ' ne elobe. . . .Troubles with the 
Indians, which continue until '94.... The 
Anti-Federal. sts become known as the Repub- 
lican party . 

^ 1791. 

Feb. 18 — Vermont admitted as a State 

City of Washington founded. . . .First bale of 
eotton exported to England since the war. 
1792. 
April 2 — Act passed establishing United 
States Mint at Philadelphia June 1 — Ken- 
tucky adniit'ed as a State. .. .Washington 
and Adams re-elected. . . .June 21 — Philadel- 
phia and Laucasliire Turnpike Company 
Chartered, lio&d opened in 1795 — the first 
turnpike in the United States. 
1793. 
Cotton-gin invented by Eli Whitney. 

1794. 
Congress appropriates $700,000 to establish 
a niivy. Insurrciction among the Dutch in 
Western Pennsylvania on account of duties 
on distilled liquor. .. .John Jay appointed 
Envoy Extraord.nary to England to settle 
disputes between the two Governments. 
1796. 
Treaty with Western Indians. . . .Yellow 



fever ]iestilence in New Yoi-k. .Oct. — TreatJ 
with Spain. 

1796. 
June — Tennessee admitted as a State. . . , 
Credit of the Government re-established, and 
all disputes with foreign powers, except 
France, adju.sted. . .Sept. — Washington issues 
a farewell address. 

1797. 
John Adams inaugurated President ; Thorn* 
as Jefferson Vice-President . . Envoys ap- 
pointed to adjust difficulties with France are 
refused an audience with the French Direct- 
ory. 

1798. 
Preparations for hostilities with France. . « , 
July — Washington again appointed Com- 
mander-in-chief of the Army. . . .Navy De- 
partment created, with Benjamin Stoddart of 
Maryland, as Secretary. . . .French Directory 
make overtures for peace. 
1799. 
Jan. — Lafayette returns to France. . . .F&b. 
26 — Three envoys proceed to France to nego- 
tiate for peace. . . .Dec. 14 — Washington dies 
at Mount Vernon, aged 68 years. 
1800. 
Removal of the Capitol from Philadelphia 
to Washington May — Formation of Mis- 
sissippi Territory. . .Sept. 30 — American En- 
voys to France conclude a treaty with Napo- 
leon Bonaparte. 

1801. 
March 4— Thomas Jefferson inaugurated 
President . . .Tripoli declares war against the 
United States U. S. Navy Yard at Phila- 
delphia established. 

1802. 
April— Ohio admitted as a State Yel- 
low Fever ravages Philadelphia. 
1803. 
April — Louisiana purchased from the 
French, and divided into Territory of New 
Orleans and District of Louisiana. . . .Alien 
and sedition laws passed. . . .Amendments to 

the Constitution adopted Com. Preble 

sails for Tripoli. . . U. S. Frigate Philadelphia^ 
captured by the Tripolitans. 
1804. 
Lewis and Clarke start on an exploring ex'^ 
pedition up the Missouri and down the Colum- 
bia Jliver to the Pacific Ocean Feb. 15 — 

Lieut. Decatur burns the Philadelphia in the 

harbor of Tripoli Middlesex canal, first in 

the United States, completed. .. .July 12 — 
Alex. Hamilton killed in a duel by Aaron 
Burr Aug. — Com. Preble bombards Tri- 
poli. 

1805. 

Michigan created into a Territory June 

3— The Pasha of Tripoli makes terms of 
peace. . . .Yellow fever pestilence in New 
York. 

1807. 
May 22 — Beginning of trial of Aaron Burl 



138 



CHKUNOLOGY. 



on a charcje o.'treasoti, Richtnoncl, Va. ; Sept. 
15, acquitted: recommitted, but nevtr tried. 

Robert Fulton navigates the Hudson in a 

steamboat. . . .June 22 — The Chesapeake fired 
upon by the British ship Leopard. . . . Retali- 
atory measures between England and P>ance 
cripple the American shipping trade abroad. 
. . . .Congress decrees an embargo, which de- 
tains all vessels, both American and foreign, 
in port. 

1809. 

March 1 — Congress repeals the embargo on 
shipping, and at the same time passes a law 
forbidding all commercial intercourse with 
Englimd or France until their obnoxious re- 
strictions on commerce shall be removed. . . . 
March 4 — James Madison inaugurated Presi- 
dent. 

1811. 

Congress refuses to recharter Ihe Bank of 
the United States. . . Nov. 5 — Battle of Tip- 
pecanoe — General Harrison defeats the In- 
dians. 

1812. 

June 19 — The President formally declares 
war against Great Britain. . . General Dear- 
born appointed Commander-in-cliief. . . .New 
England States threaten t'> secede. .July 12 — 
Gen. Hull crosses tlie Detroit River to attack 

Fort Maiden, Canada 17 —Fort Mackinaw 

captured by British and Indians. . . .Aug. 7 — 
Hull retires from Canada. . . .13 — The Essex, 
Captain Porter, captures the Alert — first ves- 
sel taken from the British in that war .... 1 6 — 
Surrender of Detroit to British. .. .Several 
sldrmishes on the frontier. . . .19 — U. S. frig- 
ate Constitution, Commodore Isaac Hull, cap- 
tures and burns the Guerriere. . . .Oct. 18 — 
U. S. sloop Wasp, Capt. Jones, captures the 
Frolic, and both are taken by the British ship 
Poictiers , . .25 — U. S. frigate United States, 
Cora. Decatur, captures the Macedonian. . . . 
Dec. 28— The Constitution. Com. Bainbri'dge, 
makes a prize of the British frigate Java. . . . 
April 8 — Louisiana admitted as a State. 
1813. 

Jan. 22 — British Gen. Proctor defeats the 
fAmericans at Frenchtown; prisoners and 
pounded massacred by the Indians. . . Admi- 
ral Cockburn ilestroys shipping in the Dela- 
ware and ravages the Southern coast. . . .New 
England coast blockaded by Com. Hardy .... 
Feb. 21— Battle of Ogdensimrg, N. Y. 
March 4 — Second inauguration of President 
Madison . . . .Successful defense of Forts Meigs 
and Sandusky . . .April — Americans capture 
York (now Toronto). .. .May — Fort George 
taken. .. .June 1 — U. S. frigate Chesapeake 
surrenders to the Shannon (British); Capt. 
James Lawrence — (" Don't give up the ship !") 
— raortilly wounded and dies June 5 . . Aieu- 
eral Dearborn succeeded by Gen. Wilkinson 
....Aug. 30 — Massacre by Creek Indians at 
Fort Mimm=i, Alabama River. . . .Generals 
Andrew Jackson end Coffee prosecute thj war 



against the Indians Sept. 10 — Battle of 

Lake Erie — Com. Perry defeats and captures 
the British P'leet. . . .28 oc 29 — Americans 
take possession of Detroit. . . .Oct. 5 — Battle 
of the Thames. Americans, under Gen Har- 
rison, almost annihilate the British, under 
Proctor. Tecumseh killed. . . .Termination of 
the war on the Northwest boundary. . . .12 — • 
Americans compelled to abandon Fort George. 
. . . .r.ritish and Indians surprise and capture 
Fort Niaijara and burn Buffalo and several 
other villages and towns. . . .Power loom in- 
troduced in the United States. 
1814. 

March — The Essex taken by British ships 
Phoebe and Cherub. .. .Gen. Wilkinson re- 
pulsed on (.'anadian frontier and superseded 
by Gen. Izard. . . .May 5 — British attack Os- 
wego and withdraw 7. . . .July 3 — Fort Erie 
captured. . . .4 — Battle of Chippesva; British 
defeated. .. .25 — Battle of Niagara; British 
again defeated. . . .Aug. 9-12 — Com. Hardy 
makes an unsuccessful attack on Stonington. 
....Aug. 15 — Repulse of assault on Fort 
Ei'ie....21 — Rosa defeats the Ameiicans at 
Bladensburg, and on the same day captures 
the City of Washington, burning the Capitol, 
White House and other buildings. .. .25 — 
British retreat to their ships. . . . Sept. 12-14 — 
Unsuccessful attack on Baltimore; Gen. Ross 
killed. . .Sept. 13 — Key composes "TheStar- 
Spangled Banner.". . Sept. 15 — British at- 
tack on Mobile repulsed .. Sept. — Com. Mc. 
Don(.u^-h's victory on Lake Champlain. The 
British land forces, under Prevost, are defeat- 
ed at Plattsburgh, N. Y. ... Americans de- 
stroy Fort Erie, and November 5 go into 
Winter quarters at Buffalo... Nov. 7 — Gen. 
Jackson storms and captures Pensacola, Fla., 
and leaves for Mobile 9. . . 15 — Hartford Con- 
vention — Federalists oppose the war, and 
threaten a secession of the New England 
States. .. .Dec. 2 — Gen. Jackson arrives at 
New Orleans. .. .24 — Treaty of peace with 
Great Britain signed at Ghent. 
,1815. 

Jan. 8 — Battle of New Orleans. . . .16 — IJ. 
S. ship President captured by the Endymion. 
....Feb. 17 — Treaty of Ghent ratified and 
peace proclaimed. . . .March 23— The Hornet 
captures the Penguin . . . .War with Algiers. 
. . . .Com. Decatur humbles the Mediterranean 
pirates. .. .April 6 — Massacre of American 
prisoners at Dartmoor, England. 
1816. 

Congress charters a new United States 
Bank . Indiana admitted as a State . . . .The 
Republican party in N. Y. City adopt, for the 
first time, the title of Democrats. 

1817. 
James Monroe inauy;urated President. . . . 
The United States suppiesses piratical estab- 
lishments in Florida and Texas. .. .Trouble 
with the Seminole and Creek Indians.... 



CHKONOLOGT. 



139 



Dec. — Mississippi admitted as a State 

July 4 — Erie Canal begun. 

1818. 
Gen. Jaclvson pursues the Indians into 
Florida, takes Pensacola and banishes the 
Spanish authorities and troops. .. .Aug. 24 
—Centre foundation of present Capitol laid 
at Washington, D. C....Dec. — Illinois ad- 
mitted a? a State. 

1819. 
Florida ceded by Spain to the United States. 
....Steamer, named the Savannah, first 
crossed the Atlantic. .. .First lodge of Odd. 
fellows opened in the States. . . .Territory of 
Arkansas formed. . . .Dec. — Alabama admit- 
ted as a State. 

1820. 
March — Maine admitted as a State. . . . 
James Monroe re-elected President. 

1821. 
Aug. 21 — Missouri admitted as a State, 
Xvith the famous " Compromise." under which 
it was resolved that in future no slave State 
should be erected north ol northern boundary 
of Arkansas. . . .Streets of Baltimore lighted 
with gas. 

1822. 
Piracy in the "West Indies suppressed by 
^he United States. . . .Boston, Mass., incorpo- 
rated as a city ... .March 8 — United States 
acknowledge independence of South America. 
. . . .Oct, 3 — Treaty with Columbia. 

1823. 
President Monroe promulgates the doctrine 
^hat the United States ought to resist the ex- 
tension of foreign dominion or influence upon 
khe American continent. 

1824. 
Aug. 15 — Lafayette revisits the United 
States. 

1825, 
March 4 — John Quincy Adams inaugurated 
President. . . .Corner-stone of Bunker Hill 
Monument laid by Lafayette. .. .Lafayette 
leaves for France in frigate Brandy wine. . . . 
Erie Canal completed . . . .Contest between the 
Federal government and Georgia concerning 
Indian lands. 

1826. 
Julv 4 — Death of ex-Preir' dents John Adams 
and Thomas Jefferson . . .Morgan excitement 
end formation of Anti-Masonry Party, 

1828. 
May — Congress passes a tariff bill imposing 
heavy duties on British goods. Denounced 
by the Southern people as oppressive and 
unconstitutional. .. .Title of "Democrats"' 
adopted generally by Republican party. 

1829. 
March 4 — InaugurEtion of Gen. Andrew 
Jackson as President. .. .July 4 — Corner- 
stone laid of U. S. Mint, Philadelphia. 

1830. 

Treaty with the Ottoman Porte Work- 

ingman's Party originated in New York city. 



1881. 

Jan. 10 — King of the Netherlands renders 
his decision on the boundary question be- 
tween Maine and the British j)()ssessions. 
Rejected by both parties and question settled 
in 1842 by tiie Treaty of Washington.... 
July 4 — James Monroe dies. 
1832. 

Black Hawk Indian War commenced.. ... 
June 2*7 — Cholera breaks out in New York.' 
. . . .Aug. — Indians driven beyond the Mis is- 
sippi — capture of Black Hawk and end of the 
war.... South Carolina declares the tariff 
acts null and void and threatens to withdraw 
from the Union if the Government attempts 
to collect the duties. .. .Dec. lu — President 
Jackson issues a proclamation, denying the 
right of any State to nullity any act o the 
Federal Government. . .'.The Morse system 
of electro-magnetic telegraphy invented. 
1833. 

Tariff dispute settled by the passage of 
Henry Clay's bill . . .March 4 — President 
Jackson inaugurated for a second term. . . . 
He removes the public funds from the Bank 
of the United States. Widespread com- 
mercial distress .. .Opponents of Andrew 
Jackson first call themselves the Whig Party. 
. . . .Oct. 14 — Politictl riots in Philadelphia. 
1834. 

Cholera again rages in New York. 
1835. 

War with Seminole Indians, led by Osceola, 

in Florida. . . .Texas declared independent. 

...Nov. 15 — Great fire in New York.... 

Democrats first called "The Locofoco Party." 

. . . .July 12 — Negro riots in Philadelphia. 

1836. 

The Creeks aid the Serainoles in their war. 
....Arkansas admitted as a State.... Na- 
tional debt paid off. . . .March 29 — Pennsyl- 
vania newly incorporates the Bank of the 
Urnted States. 

1837. 

Jan. 25 — Michigan admitted as a State. 
. . . .March 4 — Martin Van Buren inaugu- 
rated President. . . .The banks suspend specio 
payment; panic in business circles. . . .Many 
Americans assist the Canadian insurgents. . . . 
The steamboat Caroline burnt by the British, 
near Schlosser, east of Niagara, on United 
States Territory. 

1838. 

Proclamation by the President against 
American citizens aiding the Canadians. . . . 
The steamship Sirius, the first to make the 
western transatlantic passage, arrives at New 
York from Cork, Ireland, and is followed on 
the same day by the Great Western from 
Bristol, Eng . ..The Wilkes exploring expe- 
dition to South Seas sailed. 
1839. 

Another financial panic, and, in October, 
banks suspend specie payment. 



140 



CHKONOLOGT. 



1840. 
July 4 — Sub-Treasury bill becomes a law. 
.... Railroad riots in Philadelphia. 

1841, 
March 4 — William H. Harrison inauj^urat- 
ed President; died April 4 Aug. 9— Sub- 
Treasury act repealed and a general bank- 

•ruptcy bill passed Alex. Ma'cLeoti, impli- 

[Cated in the burning of the Caroline, tried tor 
arson and murder at Utica, N. Y., and ac- 
quitted, _ Oct. 12 Feb. 4 — United States 

Bank failed and other banks suspended specie 
payment. 

1842. 
Aug. — Treaty defining the boundaries be- 
tween tiie United States and the British 
American Possessions and for suppressing the 
slave trade, and for giving up fugitive crim- 
inals, signed at Washington Aug. ] — 

" Abolition Riots," in Philadelphia. Churches 
burned, 

1843. 
Suppression of a threatened insurrection 
in Rhode Island, caused by the adoption of a 
new constitution, known as the Dorr Rebel- 
lion Jan. 11 — " Weaver's Riots," Philadel- 
phia. 

1844. 
Treaty of commei-ce with China.... Way 
and July — Riots, and Catholic cliurches burn- 
ed in Philadelphia May 27— Anti-rent 

riots in Nev York State Telegraphic 

communication established between Wash- 
ington and Baltimore. 

1845. 
March 1— The Republic of Texas received 
into the Un on 3— Florida and Iowa ad- 
mitted as States . . .4 — James K. Polk inau- 
gurated Pre-^ident Juno 8— Death of Gen. 

Andrew Jackson. . . .Treaty with Great Brit- 
ain fixing Northwestern boundary Gen. 

Zachary Taylor ordered to defend the Texan 
border against a threatened invasion by Mex- 

'.CO. 

1846. 

War with Mexico May 8— Battle of 

Palo Alto 9— Battle of Resaca de la Pal- 

« a. Mexicans beaten in both July 6 — 

i >m. Sloat takes possession of iVIonterey . . . 
■Jiug. — Gen. Kearney takes possession of New 
Mexico Col. Fremont occupies Calirornia. 

. .Au-r. 19— Com. Stockton blockades Mex- 
ican ports D(C.— Iowa admitted as a 

State. ...Oct. 25 — Com. Perry bombards 
Tobasco, Mexico. ...iS'ov. 14— Com. Connor 
occupies Tampico. 

IS41. 

Feb. 8 — K<'arney proclaims the annexation 

of California to Ve United states Col. 

Doniphan defeats Mexicans in Chihuahua and 
takes possession of that jn-ovince. . . .Feb. 23 
— Battle of Buena Vista, Taylor defeats Santa 
Anna. . . .ilarcli 27 — Surrender of Vera Cruz 
and castle tn G(n. Scott and Com. Perry. . . . 
Battle of Cerro Gordo, April 18. . . .Aug. 20 



— Battles of Contreris and Cherubusco. 

Sept. 8— Battle of Molino del Rey 13-1! 

Battle of Chepultepec 14 — American army 

enters City of Mexico. 

1848. 
Feb. 1 P— Gen. Scott superseded in Mexh^o 

by Gen. Wm. O. Butler Treaty of Guada 

loupe Hidalgo which stipulated for tho evac 
uatiou of Mexico by the Ameriean Army 
within three months'; the payment of $15,- 
000,000 by the United States to Mexico foi 
the territory acquired by conquest ; and it 

also fixed boundaries, etc Feb. 23— John 

Quincy Adams dies Postal convention bo 

tween United States and Great Britain 

May 29 — Wisconsin admitted as a State. . . . 
July 4 — Peace with Mexico formally pro- 
claimed . . .News (if tho discovery of gold in 

Call ornia reached the States Mormons 

(founded by Joseph Smith 1827) settle I near 
Great Salt Lake, Utah. . . .Dec. 8 — First de- 
posit of California gold in Mint. 
1849. 
Great exodus of gold-seekers to California. 

March 4 — The " VVilmot Proviso" passed 

by Congress . . .March 5 — Gen. Zachary Tay- 
lor inaugurated President June 15— James 

K.Polk dies. . . .The people of C^aliforiiiavote 
ai,ainst slavery in that Territory . . .Cholera 
in New York. . . .May .SO to Sept. 8 — PhiladeU 
phia depleted bv cholera. . . .Treaty w th En- 
gland for a transit way across the "isthmus ot 
Panama. 

1850. 

March 81 — John C. Calhoun dies May— 

The Grinnell expedition, in search of Sir John 
Franklin, leaves New York July 9 — Pres- 
ident Taylor dies Great fire in Philadelphia. 

. ..10 — Vice-President Mi''ard Fillmore as- 
sumes the Presidency . . .Violent debates be- 
tween the Pro-slavery and Free-soil parties in 
Congress over the proposed admission of Cali- 
fornia Sept. 9 — Passage of Henry Clay's 

"Omnibus Bill," relative to slavery Terri- 
tory of Utah organized. 
1851. 
Le'ter postage reduced to three cents. . . . 

Lopez's expedition landed in Cuba Lopez 

captured, and e::ecuted in Havana. Sept. 1. 
Minnesota purchised from the Sioux In- 
dians. . . .Dec. — Louis Ko'!sutharr'ves in New 
York. .. .Dec. 24 — Capitol at Washington 
partly destroyed by fire. 
1852. 
United States expedition to Japan, under 
command of Com. Perry, a brother of the Irro 
of Lake Eric. . . June' 29 — Henry Clay die.-. 
. . . .Oct. 24 — Daniel Webster dies. 
1863. 
Washington Territory created out of the 
nortliern part of Oregon. . . .Mar. 4 — Franklin 
Pierce inaugurated President. . . .May— Four 
vessels, under Capt. Ringgold, leave on an ex- 
ploring expedition to tho North Pacific Ocean 
. . . .Expeditions start to explore routes fjr a 



CnRONOLOGY. 



ui 



railway to the Pacific C"ast Second expe- 1 

dition in search of Sir John Franklin leiives, j 
ander command of Doctor K-.me . . Capt. In j 
D-raham upholds the rights of American citi- 
zen ship in the affair of Martin Koszta, at 
Sin vrna. 

1854. 
May— Passage of tlie Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 
ifhich created those two Territories, aud left 
the people of every Territory, on becoming a 
State, free to adopt or exclude tiie institution 
of !*la'very Feb. 28 — Seizure of the Amer- 
ican steamship Black Warrior in harbor of 
Havana June Y— Reciprocity treaty be- 
tween Great Britain and the United States, 
respecting international trade, fisheries, etc. 

July 13— Capt. Hollins of sloop Cyane 

bombards San Juan de Nicaragua March 

31 — Commercial treaty with Japan concluded 
by Com. Perry Oct. 9 — Ostend Confer- 
ence. 

1855. 
Serious trouble in Kansas over the slavery 
question . . .William Walker takes possession 
oi Nicaragua and establishes a government 

there June 28 — Railroad from Panama to 

Aspinwall opened Dispute with England 

;)ver enlistment of soldiers for Crimean War. 
....Gen. Harney chastises the Sioux In- 
dians. 

1856. 
May 22 — Preston S. Brooks of South Caro- 
lina assaults Charles Sumner, in Senate. 
1857. 
• Jan. 4 —Kansas rejects the Leeompton Con- 
stitution Disturbances in Utah. . . .March 

The Supreme Court gives judgment in the 

Dred Scott case Aug. 24— Beginning of 

financial panic, which culminates in an almost 
Mineral suspension of banks. 
^ 1858. 

j^ay — Minnesota admitted as a State 

Aug. 3 — Kansas .again rejects Leeompton Con- 
stitution Aug.— Atlantic telegraph cable 

laid. President's message to Queen Victoria 
t«nt on the 16, but cable proved a failure. 
1859. 

Oregon admitted as a State June 25 — 

Commodore Tatnall, of U. S. Navy, in Chinese 
waters, makes his famous utterance: " Blood 
IS thicker than water!" ...July 4— A. _H. 
Stephens of Georgia advocates the formation 

x)i a Southern Confederacy Oct. 16 — John 

Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry 18 — 

Brown and his companions Ciiptured. . . . 
Oec 2 — Brown hung.... Nov. — Gen. Scott 
lent to protect American interests in San 
Ji'an. 

18G0. 
March — John Brown's companions hung. 
....March 27 — Japanese Embassy, first to 
bave Japan, arrive at San Francisco. Re- 
ceived at Washington, D. C, by President 
Buchanan, and afterwards have public recep- 
tions in Ballimoro, Philadelphia and New 



York, departing from the latter c'ty in frigate 
Niag ra June 29 . . .May 17 — Abraham Lin- 
coin nominated at Chicago ...>ept. 21 — 
I'rince of Wala.s arrives at Detroit, visiting 
United States, and subsequently goes to Phil- 
adelphia, New York and Boston, embarking 
for home Oct. 20, at Portland, Me . . .June 28 
—Steamship Great Ea^tern first arrives at 
New York. . . .Dec. 18— U. S. Senate rejects 
"Critter.den Compromise" Dec. 20 — Caro- 
lina secedes from the Union Dec. 26 — Gen. 

Anderson evacuates Fort Moultrie, Charles- 
ton, and occupies Fort Sumter Dec. 30 — 

President Buchanan declines to receive dele, 
jrates from South Carolina. 
1861. 
Jan. 9 — Mississippi secedes. Confederates 
at Charleston fire into reinforce nent steamer 
Star of the West 10 — Alabama and Flor- 
ida secede. . . .11 — Major Anderson refuses to 

surrender Fort Sumter 12 — Confederates 

fortify Vicksburg, Miss., and sAze Navy Yard 

at Pensacola, Fla 18 — Georgia seceles 

Jan. 26 — Louisiana secedes 29 — Secretary 

of Treasury John A. Dix issues his thrilling 
order, addressed " W. Hemphill Jones, New 
Orleans": " If any one attempts to haul down 

the Amei'ican flag, shoot him on the spot 1" 

Feb. 5 — Texas secedes by legislative act. . . 
Peace conference assembles at Washington, 
1). C, and first congress of the seven seceded 

States assembles at Montjiomery, Ala 

Jefferson Davis chosen President of Conf jde- 
I rate States, and A. H. Stephens, Vice-President. 
... .18 — Davis inaugurated at Montgomery, 
I Ala Gen. Twiggs surrenders to the Con- 
federates in Texas, and, March 1, is dismissed 
from U. S. Army in disgrace 22— Presi- 
dent-elect Lincoln, with his own hands, raises 
the American flag at the State House, Philadel- 
phia March 4 — He is inaugurated at Wash- 
ington. .. .April 12 — Major Anderson again 
refuses to surrender, and the Confederate bat- 
teries open fire on Fort Sumter. The North 

aroused 14 — Major Anderson evacuates 

Fort Sumter " with colors flying and drums 
beating, bringing away company and private 
property, and saluting his flag with fift y "-uns." 

15 — President Lincoln calls for 75,000 

troops 17 — President Davis issues letters 

of marque, and President Lincoln blockades 

Southern ports Virginia passes ordinance 

of secession 18 — U.S. Arsenal ut Harper'? 

Ferry destroyed by Federal authorities 

First troops arrived at W^asliington, via Har- 

risburgh, Pa 19 — Sixth Massachusetts 

Regiment attacked while passing through Bal- 
timore. .. .Seventh Regiment of New York 
leaves tha*- ciy f r Washington. . . .21 — Nor- 
folk (Va.) Navy Yard burnt by Federal au- 
thoiities. . . .May C— Arkansas formally se- 
cedes 9-1 1 — Tennessee secedes. . . .20— 

Nor;h Carolina secede) 24 — Col. E. E. 

Ellsworth murdersd at Alexandrix, Va 

June 3— Stephen A. Douglas dies July 21 



14ci\ 



CHKONOLOGY. 



— Bitr.Te of Bull Kun Aug. 10— Battle of 

Wilson's Creek, Missouri. . . .Gen. Nathaniel 
Lyon killed 20— Gen. G. B. McClellan as- 
sumes command of Army of Potomac. . . . 
Sept. 20 — Col. Mulligan forced to surrender 

at Lexington, Ky Oct. 21— Battle of Ball's 

Bluff, Va., Gen. E. D. Baker killed 81— 

'Gen. Wintield Scott resigns, and McClellan is 
n;ade commander-in-chief. .. .Nov. 8 — Capt. 
Wilkes of the San Jacinto captures Mason and 
Slidell on board of the Trent. War witli 
England imminent. . . .30 — Jefferson Davis 
elected President of Confederate States for six 
years . . Dec. 2 — Congress votes thanks to 
Capt. Wilkes. . . .30 — Banks in New York sus- 
pend specie payment. . . .Mason and Slidell 
surrendered, and on Jan. 1, 1862, they sail for 
Europe. 

1862. 
Jan. 17 — Ex-President John Tyler dies. . . . 

Feb. 6 — Gen. Grant captures Fort Henry 

7-8 — Gen. Burnside captures Roanoke, N. C. 
....13-16 — Assault and capture, by Gen. 
Grant, of Fort Donelson, Tenn. . . .27 — Gov- 
ernment enjoins newspapers from giving pub- 
licity to important military movements. . . . 
March 2 — Gen. F. W. Lander dies at Camp 
Chase, Va . . .6-8— Battle of Pea Ridse, Ark. 
. . . .8 — I'ebel ram Virginia (formerly Merri- 
mac)sitdcs the Cumberland and the Congress. 
. . . .9 — Naval battle between the Monitor and 
the Merrimac. . . .11 — McClellan assumes per- 
sonal comman'l of the Army of Potomac 

14 — Burnsido captures Newbern, N. C. . . .18 

— Gen. W. H. Keim dies April 1 — Slavery 

abolished in District of Columbia. . . .5 — Mc- 
Clellan begins siege of Yorktown, Va 6-7 

— Bat'.le of Shiloh or Pittsburgh Landing — 
death of Gen. A. S, Johnston; Gen. C. F. Smith 
dies, 25, and Gen. W. H. L. Lawrence, 10. . . . 
25 — New Orleans surrenders to Farragut. . . . 
Mav 1 — Gen. Butler formally takes possession 
of New Orleans. . . . 5 — Battle of Williamsburg, 
Va. , . .31-June 1 — Battles of Fair Oaks and 
Seven Pines, Va. . . .27-July 1 — Seven Days' 
Fight, Vii. . . .12 -President Lincoln appeals 
to the Border States in behalf of emancipation. 
.... 14 — Gen. Pope assumes command in Vir- 
ginia. . . .18-19 — New York and Philadelphia 
begin using car lickets and postage stamps as 
currency. .. .23 — Ilalleck made General-in- 
cliief of U. S. Army.. . . Aug. — Admiral George 
C. Reid dies. . . .5 — Battle of Baton Rouge, 
La. — Gen. Thomas Williams killed... 6 — 
Gen. Robt. L. McCook shot by guerillas. . . . 
9 — Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va. . . .16 — Mc- 
Clellan retreats from Harrison's Landing, Va. 

23— Gen. Henry Bohlen killed 29— 

Battle of Groveton, or Manassas, Va. . . .30 — 
Second Battle of Bull Run, Va. — Gen. George 

1^. Taylor dies Sept. 1 Sept. 1— Battle of 

Chautilly, Va. — Gens Philip Kearney and 
Isaac J. Stevens killed . . .President Lincoln 
issues proclamation as a preliminary to eman- 
cipating slaves . . .McClellan placed in com- 



mand of fortifications of Washington .... 14— 
Battle of South Mountain, Md. — Gen. Reno 
Idlled. .. .13-15 — Harper's Ferry, Va., sur- 
rendered. . . .17 — Battle of Antietam, Md.— ^ 
Gen. Mansfield killed ; Gen. L P. Rodman dies 
Sept. 29, and Gen. I. B. Richardson Nov. 4. 
. . . .24 — President Lincoln provisionally sus- 
pends habeas corpus. . . .Oct.l — Internal Rev 
enue Stamp Law goes into effect. . . .3-4-6 — • 
Battle of Corinth, Miss. — Gen. P. A. Hackel- 
man killed. . . .8 — Battle of Perryville, Ky. — 
Gens. R. J. Oglesby, Wm. R. Terrill and J. 8. 
Jackson killed. .. .10-13 — Confederates, un- 
der Stuart, enter Pennsylvania. .. .30 — Gen. 
Rosecrans supersedes Gen. Buell at the West. 

Gen. O. M. Mitchell killed at Beaufort, 

S. C. . . .Nov. 5 — Gen. McClellan superseded 
by Gen. Burnside as commander of Army of 
Potomac. .. .Nov. 6 — Gen. C. D. Jameson 
dies. . . .7 — Com. Garrett J. Prendergast dies. 
....10 — Rear-Admiral E. A. F. Lavalette 

dies 22— Gen. F. E. Patterson killed at 

Fairfax, Va. .. .Dec. 10-15 — Gen. Burnside 
attacks and reti'eats from Fredericksburg, Va. 
— Battle of Fredericksburg .... Dec. 13 — 
Gens. G. D. Bayard and C. F. Jackson killed. 
....31 — Battle of?' rfi-eesboro, Tcnn., be- 
gun, and Bragg is del 'ated. 
1863. 
Jan. — Gen. E.' N. Kirk, wounded at Mnr- 

freesboro, dies 1 — President Lincoln 

emancipates slaves . . . .9 — French Govern- 
ment offers mediation; declined Feb 6. . . .26 
— Gen. Hooker supersedes Gen. Burnside .... 
25 — Congress passes the Conscription or Draft 
bill. . . .March 3 — Congress authorizes suspen- 
sion of habeas corpus . . .6 — Clement L. Val- 
landigham serenaded Jin Philadelphia — ^great 
excitement there ...18 — Bread riot of Con. 

federate soldiers' wives, Salisbury. N. C 

21— Gen. E. V. Sumner dies 28— Gen. 

James Cooper dies. . . .April 7 — Federals at- 
tack Cl-rrleston, S. C. . . .26--Gen. Burnside 
assumes- command of Department of Ohio. 
. , . .May 1—4 — Battle of Chanceilors^'ille, Va. 
— Stonewall Jackson is wounded, and dies 
May 10; Gen. H. G. Berry dies May 3; Gen. 
A. W. Whipple, May 5 ; and Gen. Ed- Kirby, 
June 1. . . .May 4— -Gen. Joseph B. Plummer 
dies.... 14 — Grant defeats Gen. Joe Johns 
ton at Jackson, Miss . . .16 — Grant defeats 
Gen. Pemberton at Champion Hills, Miss. . .. . 
18 — Grant invests Vicksburs:. Miss ...June 
14 — Battle of Winchester, Va....Gen. Lee 
invades Maryland and Pennsylvania. . . .16 — 
Mayor Henry, of Philadelphia, calls upon 
citizens to close their places of business and 
prepare to defend the State . . . 27 — Gen. Geo. 
H. Meade snpers^'des Gen. Hooker.... 28 — 
Theatres, libraries and places of business 
closed in Philadelphia, and earthworks thrown 
up on roads leading into the city. . . .July 1- 
3 — Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. - Gens. Rey- 
nold, Weed, Farnsworth and Zook killed. . . . 
4 — Vickaburg surrenders to Gen. Grant and 



CHRONOLOGY. 



143 



Rear-Admiral Porter T— Great rejoicing 

j.i tho North over the surrender S;ate- 

^ouse and fire-bflis rung in Philadelphia 

6- Port Hudson, Miss., surrenders 15 — 

President Lincoln names Aug. 6 as a day of 
National Thanksgiving . . .18-16— Draft riots 
In New York City; also that week in P.oston, 

Mass., and Portsmouth, N. H 30— Gen. 

Gc). C. Strong, wounded at storming of Fort 

"W'agufer, Charleston (July 10-18), dies 

j^u^. 14 — Gen. Benj. Walsh dies 21— 

Lawrence, Kans., sacked and burned. . .25-30 

Gen. Avcrill's cavalry raid into Virginia. 

Sept. 5 — Women's bread riot in Mobile, 

Ala. During the year there was also one in 
Richmond, Va., five thousand women taking 
part 6 — Fort Wagner, Charleston, evacu- 
ated 8 — Boat attack on Fort Sumter. . . 

10 — Gen. Burnside occupies Knoxville, Tenn. 

19-20 — Battle of Chickamauga, Ga. — 

Gen! W. H. Lytle killed Oct. 10— Quan- 

trell's attack on Fort Scott, Kansas 21-22 

—Battle of Philadelphia, Tenn Nov. 12— 

Jileeting held to restore Arkansas to the 

Union 1-1-17 — Gen. Longstreet defeats 

Burnside. . . .23-25 — Grant and Sherman de- 
feat Bragg at Chattanooga, Tenn. . .25 — Gen. 

Wm. P. Sanders dies 26-27— Battles ot 

Locust Grove and Mine Run, Va Dec. 4— 

President Lincoln offers amnesty to all but 

the rebel leaders 16— Gen. John Buford 

dies 2? — Cooper's Shop Soldiers' Home, 

Philadelphia, dedicated 20— The Monitor 

founders off Cape Hatteras. 
1864. 
' Jan 8— Rear-Admiral George H. Storer 

dies Feb. 11— Com, Wm. J. McCluney 

dies ...20 — Battle of Olustee, Fla Feb. 

27-March 4— Kilpatrick and Dahlgren re- 
pulsed at Richmond, Va. . . .March 12 — U. S. 
Grant succeeds Halleck as commander-in- 
chief April 8— Battle of Sabine Cross 

Roads, La 9— Battle of Pleasant Hill, La. 

. . . .12 — Massacre at Fort Pillow, Tenn . . . 

May 1— Com. W. D. Porter dies 5-13— 

Battle of the Wilderness, Va.— Gen. Alex. 
Hays killed ; Gen. James S. Yv''adsworth dies. 

. . .May 6-9— Gen. John Sedgwick killed 

10 — Gen. Thos. G. Stevenson killed 11 — 

Stuart, Confederate cavalry leader, killed 

18_25— Battles of Spoltsylvania Court-house, 
Va., etc. . . .June 1-6 — Battle of Cold Harbor, 
Va.' and vicinity. . . .5-30 — Battles of Lost 
Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, and Little Ken 
es;iw, Ga.— Gen. C. G. Harker killed 27 .... 19 
— Naval battle — the Kearsarge sinks the Ala- 
bama 1 5-1 S— Assault on Petersburg, Va. 

July 1 — Part of Lee's army invades 

Maryland, threatens Baltimore and Washing- 
ton, and retreats July 12-13 6 — Gen. 

Samuel A. Rice dies' 20-22-28— Sher- 
man' .s three battles near Atlanta, Ga.— " The 

March to the Sea." 80— Confederates 

again invade Maryland and Pennsylvanin, 
and burn Chamberaburg. , .Aug. 5 — Confed- 



erate flotilla near Mobile, Ala., destroyed by 
Farragut . . . .6 — Gen. Griffin A. Stedman 

killed. . . .8— Fort Gaines captured 16— 

Gen. D. P. Woodbury dies Sept. 1— Sher- 
man occupies Atlanta, Ga 7— He orders 

its depopulation 14— Gen. J. B. Howell 

killed ] 9— Sheridan defeats Early at Win- 
chester, Va. — Gen. D. A. Russell killed. . . ^ 

24— Com. T. A. Conover dies 29— Gen. H.^ 

Burnham dies Oct. 19 -Rebel raid on St;. 

Albans. Vt 19— Battle of Cedar Creek, 

Va.— Gen. D. D. Bidwell killed 29— Gen. 

T. E. G. Ransom dies Nov. 8— McClellan 

resigns from U. S. army 13— Sherman de- 
stroys Atlanta 30— Gen. Thomas repulses 

Hood at Franklin, Tenn.— Rebel Mnj.-Gen. P. 

R. Cleburne killed Dec. 14-16— Thomas 

defeats Hood near Nashville, Tenn. . . 21 — 

Sherman enters Savannah, Ga 24-25 — ■ 

Admiral Porter and Gen. Butler assault Wil- 
mington, N. C. 

1865. 
Jan. 13-15 — Attack on and capture of Fort 
Fisher, N. C. . . .16 — Monitor Patapsco sinks, 

Charleston Harbor Feb. 1— Congress 

abolishes slavery in the United States 6 — 

Battle of Hatcher's Run, Va 17— Colum- 
bia, S. C, captured 18— Charleston, S. C, 

surrendered. ..18 — Gen. Lee assumes supreme 
command of Coa'^ederate armies, and recom- 
mends arming of the blacks 22— Confed- 
erate Congress decree that the slaves shall be 
armed. Schofield captures Wilmington, N. C. 
.27-March 6 — General Sheridan's raid 
into Virginia March 4 — Second inaugura- 
tion of President Lincoln 14-April 13— 

Stoneman's raid in Virginia and North Caro- 
lina March 10-11— Battle of Kinston, N. 

C ,. 20— Mobile, Ala., besieged 29-April 

3— Battles of Hatcher's Run and Five Forks, 

Va 2— Assault on Petersburg, Va 

2-3 --Grant occupies Richmond and Peters- 
burg, Va 6— Battle of Deatonville, Va. 

.°9_General T. A. Smyth dies. Surren- 
der of General Lee, Appomattox Court-house, 
Va... 12 — The Union flag hoisted at Forf 

Sumter. Mobile. Ala., captured 13— 

Drafting and recruiting stopped 14 — 

President Lincoln assassinated by Jobs 

Wilkes Booth 15— President Lincoln dies, 

and Andrew Johnson becomes President 

22 — Com. ^Y. \\\ McKeon dies 26— 

j,' Wilkes Booth shot May 4-9— Surren- 
der of Gen. Tayhu- and rebel fleet 10— 

Capture of Jefferson Davis at Irwinsville, Ga. 

26 — Surrender of General Kirby Smith.. 

'. . . .End of the Rebellion 22— President 

Johnson rescinds order requiring passports 
from all travelers entering the United States, 
and opens Southern ports 20 — He pro- 
claims a conditional amnesty. . .-.June 1 — 
Solemn fast for death of President Lincoln. 

July 7 — Execu ion of Payne, Atzerott^ 

ilarrold and Mrs. Surratt, for complicity in 
Lincoln's assassination. . . .Oct. 11— Pardon 



144 



CHEONOLOGT. 



of Alexander Stppher^ nnd other Southern 
officials .... Nov. 2 — National thanksixivino; 
for peace.... 6 — Capt. Waddfll surrenders 
cruiser Shenandoah to Briiisli Government. 

.10 — Capt. Wirz of Andersnnville piison 

executed. . . .22 — Com. J. H. Missroon dies 

", ...Dec. 1 — Habeas corpus restored at the 
■Jilorth. 

1866. 
Jan. 28 — Hon. Thomas Chandler dies. . . . 
Feb. 19 — President vetoes Freedmen'3 B^irea'? 
bill.... March 14 — Jared Sparks, historian, 
dies. . . .25 — President Johnson vetoes Civil- 
rights bill. . . .April 9 — Civil-righta bill pass- 
ed over tlie President's veto.... 12 — Hon. 
Daniel S Dickinson dies May 16 — Presi- 
dent OohnFon vetoes the admission of Colo- 
rado uf r. State... 29 — General Wiufield 
8oott dies. .. .June 7 — Feninns from the 
United States make a raid into Canada. . . .17 
— Hon. Lewis Cass dies. . . .July 16 — Fr.ed- 
men's Bureau bill becomes a law. . . .27 — At- 
lantic telegraph — the successful one — com- 
pleted 30 — Maj. Gen. Lysander Cutler 

dies . . .Aug. 14 — National Union Convention 
assembles in Philadelphia — wigwam. . . .Sept. 
1 — Southern Unionist Convention assembles 
in Philadelphia. . .7 — Matthias \V. Baldwin, 
pioneer in American locomotives, dies. . . . 
Oct. 13 — "Prince" John Van Buren, son of 
Hon. Martin, dies. . . .Dec. 13 — -Congress 
passes bill giving negroes the right to vote in 

_ District of Columbia. . . .26 — Major General 
Samuel R. Curtis dies. 
) 1867. 

• Jan. 9 — Virginia rejects Fourteenth Amend- 
ment. . . 10 — Congre.-^s passes bill providing 
for "universal suffrage" in the territories. 
. , . .25 — President Johnson vetoes bill to 
admit Colorado. . . .29 — He vetoes bill to ad- 
mit Nebraska. ,. .Feb. 6 — Delaware and 
Louisiana reject Constitutional Amendment. 
....8 — Nebraska admitted as a State.... 
March 2 — President Johnson Tetoes Recon- 
struction bill.... 25 — Tenure-of-office bill 
passed over President's veto.... 23 — Presi- 
dent vetoes Supplementary Reconstruction 
bill.... SO — Announced at Washington that 
Russia cedes Alaska to the LTnited States. . . . 
April 9 — Senate confirms Alaska treaty. . . . 
11 — Site conveyed to United States Govern- 
ment fur post office *n New York Cit}-. . . . 
May 8 — Jught^hour riots in Chicago. . . .9 — 
General strike of workinginen throughout the 
States.... 13 — Jefferson Davis admitted to 
bail at Richmond, Va. . . .June 3 — Gen, Sheri- 
dan removes Gen. Wells of Louisiana, and on 
6 appoints 13, F, Flanders Governor. . . .July 
3 — Congress assembles in exti aordinary ees- 
Bion , . . .11 — Reciprocity treaty between the 
United States and the Hawaiian Islands. . . . 
19 — President vetoes Supplementary Recon- 
struction bill . . . .24 — RiotinKnoxville.Tenn. 
New York State Consiitutional Convention 
rejects woman-siifirage proposition. . . .30- 



Gen. Sheridan removes Governor TlirocVmor- 
ton of Texas .... Aug. o — Secretary Stanton 
is requested by the President to resig'i, but 
refuses .. .12— Stanton suspend'^d. and Gen. 
Grnnt appointed Secretary of War ad interim 
.... 17 — G Ml. slieridan relieved at New Or- 
leans. . . .19 — Natio lal Labor Congress meets 
at Chicjigc . . Sept. 8 — President issues am- 

nesu'/ proclaciation 30 — Negro ri;)ts in 

Savanna], Ga... Oct. 3 — Wiiiskey .-iot in 

Philadelphia Nov. 2 — Gen. Sherman an- 

nouiiCi'S Indian war at an end. . . .8 — Formal 
transfer of Aliiska to Gen. Rosseau, at New 
Archangle. . . 14 — Denmark concludes treaty, 
ceding and selling the islands of St. Thomas, 
San Juan and Santa Cruz, to United States. 
....22 — Jefferson Davis retuins to Rich- 
mond.. ..Dec. 7 — Resolution of Judiciary 
Committee to impeach President Johnson 
voted down in the House — 108 to 57. 
1868. 
Jan. 6 — House of Representatives passes 
bill making eight hours a day's work for Gov- 
ernment laborers. ..13 — The Senate reinstate 
Stanton ... 14 — Gen. Grant vacates War 
office in favor of Secretary Stanton. . . .Feb, 
lo — Another attempt to impeach President 
Johnson. . . .20 — New Jersey Legislature 
withdraws ratitication of proposed Fourteenth 
Constitutional Amendment. . . .21 — Stanton 
a:;jain remov(d, and General Thomas appoint- 
ed Secretary of War ad interim. . . .22 — Stan- 
ton adiieres to the office. . . .24 — House votes 
(126 to 27) to impeach the President. . . .25— 
Gov. Ward of New Jersey vetoes resolution 
of Legislature withdrawing ratification of 
Fourteenth Amendment . , .March 2 — House 
adopts impeachment articles. . , .4 — They are 
presented to the Senate.... 5 — New Jersey 
Senate passes over Gov. Ward's veto as to 
amendment; lower House does the same. 25. 
. . . .6 — Senate organizes a Court of Impeach 
ment. , . .7 — President Johnson summoned to 
appear b»-fore it. . . .13 — Impeachment C-ourt 
sits....ii3 — President's counsel answer im- 
peachment articles, and Court adjourns to 30. 
. . ..26 — Senate ratifies North German treaty. 
. . . .28 — U. S. Grand Jury at Richmond, Va., 
finds new bill of indictment against Jefferson 
Davis. . . .April 2 — North German Parlia- 
ment passes the Naturalization treaty with 
the United States. ...6 — Michigan votes 
against negro suffrage. . .24 — President nomi- 
nates Gen. Schofield to be Secretary of War. 
. . . .May 21 — Grant and Colfax nominated at 
Chicago. .. .The Burlingame Chinese Em- 
bassy arrive at New York. . . .26 — Impeach- 
ment Court declares the President not guilty. 
Secretary Stanton resigns . . . 30 — -Senate 
confirms Gen. Schofield as Stanton's successor. 
. , . .June 1 — Ex-President James Buchanan 
dies.... 5 — Chinese Embassy received by 
President Johnson . . . 22 — King of Belgium 
reviews United States squadron undtr Farra 
gut off Ostend. . .24 — Senate passes eight 



CHRONOLOGY. 



145 



ftour law . .25-=President vetoes " Omni- 
bas" bill. . . .20 — President vetoes Electoral 
College bill. Secretary ^^eward announces 
ratifieati n of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
. . . .21 — President orders Secretary of War 
to withdraw military forces from Southern 
States represented in Congress. Senate rati- 
fii'S treaty witli China. . . .25 — Senate ratifies 
treaty with Mexi.'o... 27 — Jefferson Davis 
and fatnily siil from Quebec for England. . . . 
80 — Gen. Me-ule declares civil government 
restored in Florida, Georgia and Alabama. 
....Aug. n — Hon. Thaddeus Stevens dies, 

Washington, D. C 22 — President declares 

Sitka a port of entry. . . .2G — Oregon with- 
draws ratification of Fourteenth Amendment. 
....Nov. 3 — Iowa and Minnesota vote in 
favor of negro suffrage, and Missouri against 
it. 

1869. 
Jrn 1 — Gen. Grant holds a public reception 
in Independence Hall, Philadelphia. . . .Feb. 
20 — Martini 1 iw declared iii Tennessee.... 
22-26 — C ngrcss passes Fifteenth Amend- 
ment. Kansas is the first State (Feb. 27) to 
ratify it, though imperfectly, and Delaware 
the first to reject it. . . .Marcli 4 — Gen. Grant 
inaugui'ated as Pre.'iident. . . .25 — Pennsyl- 
vania ratifies Fifteenth Amendment. . . .April 
13 — Senite rejects Alabama Treaty with 
Great Britain. . . .May 13 — Woman-sufirage 
Convention in New York City. . . ,19 — Presi- 
dent Grant proclaims that there shall be no 
reduction in Government Laborer's wages 
because of reduction of liours . . June 18 — 
Hon. Henry J. Raymond, y. Y. Times, dies. 
....July 13 — CompU'tiion of Atlantic cable 
from Brest to St. Pierre; thence to Duxbury, 
Mass... 30 — Hon. Isaac Toucey dies.... 
Aug. 16 — National Labor Convention, PhiLi- 
delphia. . . .Sept. 1 — National Temperance 
Convention, Chicago. . . .8 — Hon. Wm. Pitt 
Fessenden dies. . . .10 — Hon. John Bell dies. 

. . .16 — Hon. John Minor Bolts dies. . . .Oct. 
8 — Virginia ratifies Fourteenth and Fiftecnt i 

Amendments Ex-President Franldin 

Pierce dies. . . Nov. 4. — Geo. J'eabody dies. 
.... 6 — Admiral Oliarlcs Stuart dies . 24 — 
National Woman-suffrage Convention, Cleve- 
land, O., and Henry Ward Beecher chosen 

President Dec. 10 — National Colored 

Labor Convention, Washington. . , .24 — Hon, 
Edwin M, Stanton dies. 
1870. 

Jan. 26 — Virginia re-admitted into the 
Union . , ,Feb, 9 — IT. S. Signal Bureau es- 
tablished by Act of Congress. ., .17 — Mis- 
eiasippi re-admitted into the Union. , , ,23 — 
Hon. Anson Burlingame dies. . . .March 28 — 

Maj.-Gen. Geo. H. Thomas dies 29 — Texas 

re-ndmitted to representation in Congress, 
thus completing thj work of reconstruction. 
, . . .30 — President Grant announces the 
adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment. . . . 
July 12— AduxiralJohnA.DaldgreDdiee. . . 



Aug. 14 — Admiral David G. Farragnt diea. 
....15- National Labor Congress, Cincin- 
nati. . . .22 — President (-irant issues a procla- 
mation enjoinitig neutrality as to war between 
France and i'russia. . . .23 — Irish National 
Congress convenes, Cincinnati. .. .Oct. 4—* 
Second Southern Commercial Conve ^tion, 
Cincinnati. . . .12 — Death of Gen, Robert E, 
Lee. . . .25 — Convention in Cincinna'i 'or pur- 
pose of removing Natimal Capitol from 
Washington to some ])oint West, 
1871, 
Jan, 1. — Cabral, the Dominic in Ciiief, de- 
nounces President Grant, and opposes sale 
and annexation of St. Domingo totlie United 
States. .. .10-11 — U. S. Hnuse and Senate 
appoint commi. tee to visit St. Dotninsfo. . . , 
11 — Hon, John Covode dies. . . 29 — O'Douo- 
van Rossa and other Fenian exiles arrive in 
New York. , . .30 — House of Representatives 
pass resolution of v.elcome to Irish exiles. 
. . . Feb. 9 — New Jersey recommends Phila 
dclph'a as the place to liuld Centennial cele- 
i'ration, 1876.,.. 18 — Cabral, in a letter to 
Vice-President Colfax, denouncs the union 
of Dominica and Hayti. , . . 19 — Helena, Ark., 
almost destroyed by a tornado . . . 22 — British 
members of Joint High Cijmmission arrive 
in New York , . . 27 — Commission begins its 
sessions in Washington, D. C. . . .March 3 — ■ 
Riots in Pennsylvania coal mines.,.. 5 — 
Chinamen's riot in San Francisco, Cal. , . .27 
— Senator Sumner d'nounces Santo Domingo 
scheme. , . .30 — Colored parade in New York 
in honor of Fifteenth Amendment. . . .April 
7 — Coal riots in Scranton, Pa.... 10 — Cele- 
bration in New York of German Unity and 

end of war between Prussia and France 

May 1 — U. S. Supreme Court sustains con- 
stitutionality of Legal-tender Act . . .3 — 
1 'resident Grant issues proclamation for sup- 
pression of Ku-Klux Klan. . , .6 — Joint High 
Commis.sion concludes Washington Tr.aty. 
....15-16 — German peace celebration in 
J'hiladelphia. . . .24 — Treaty of Washington 

ratified by Senate 29 — Naturalization 

Tr.aty between Austria and United State** 
ratified by the Reichsrath . . , .30 — Decoration 
Day . , .June 1 — American naval force, mak- 
ing a survey of the coast of Cona, Asia, fired 
on from ma-ked batteries .... 2 — Minister 
Low demands an apology, and is answered 
that ." the Corean civilization o; 4,000 year? 
brooks no interference from outside barba- 
rians.". . . ,10-11 — U, S. naval forces land oa 
the island of Kang Noe, Corea. and destroy 
a fort and the Citadel . . . .17 — Hon. Clement 

L, Valtandigham dies 2S — President 

Grant appoints Civil-service-refor-n Commis- 
sion. , . , July 3 — Naval forces having attain- 
ed their object, retire from co'st of Corea, 
. . . .4 — President Grant proclaims comfdete 
ratification of Treaty of W ashington. . . .12 — • 
Orange parade and riot in New York. . . .19 
—Massachusetts' Centennial Committee ar- 



14G 



CHRONOLOGY. 



rive in Philadelphm. . . .Sept. 24-Chief-. us- 
tice McKeon, of Utah, decides agaiust Mo,- 
mons serving aa giand jurors jn I'ederal 
courts. . . .Oct. 2-rostal raoney-order ar- 
rangement between U.iited Stati-s anu Great 
Britain goes into effort. . . .Brigham \ oung 
arrested for Mormon proclivities. . . -^—j:^^^^ 

,sveat fire in Chic^igo breaks out o-J— 

llecond and greai est fire in Ohicaoo . . . 1 0— 
Wtionriotin I'hiladelphia between white 
rou"-hs and negroes, and attempts to (lestroy 
the'office of The Press. . . .26-( Jen. Robert 
Anderson dies. Nice, Franc^J ; Hon Thonujs 
Ewiug, Lancaster, O. . . .27- Arrest oi ^^ il- 1 
iiam M. Tweed, New York City . . -Dec 17 
—Internationalist funeral procession m New 

York City. 

1872. 
Jan 10— National ^v'oman-=!uff^a2:o Con- 
vention, Washington, . . .Feb. 28— Congress 
-ets apart Yellowstone Yalley as a national 
park . .April 2— Prof. S. F. B. Morse dies 
New York City. . . . 16-Prof. Morse meniorial 
services in various cities and also m Hall ot 
United States House of Representatives . . . 
MaylO— Woman-sutfra2:e Convention m New 
York nominates Mrs. ^Yoodl.uU forPres^dent 
and Frederick Dou'kss lor Vice President. . . 
22— Congress passes Amnesty bid. . . .June 3 
-James Gordon Bennett, A^. Y. Herald, di^^. 
5.6— Gen Grantnominatedfor President 
^t Philadelphia, and Henry Wilson for Vice- 
President . : . . 15-B<.ard of Arbitration, 
under Treaty of Washington, meet at Geneva, 
Switzerland ....17-Monster Peace Jubilee, 
Boston.... July 9-Democ.alic Convention 1 
at Baltimore, nominates Horace Greeley l.>r 
President. . . .Nov. 5-Grant re-ekcted 1 resi- 

(lent 9— Great fire in Boston, Mass ^y 

^Death of Hon. Horace Greeley. 
1873. 
Jan 6— McEnery inaugurated Governor 
of Louisiana; also, Kellogg. .. .Jan. 20— 
Sanguinary defeat of United States troops by 
the Modocs....27-Congres3 abolishes the 
franking privilege. .. .Feb. 26-Alexander 
H Stephens elected to Congress from Eighth 
District of Georgia. . . .March 4- econd in- 
auguration of U. S. Grant as President . . 
April ll-Gene-.al Canby and Dr. Tliomas 
murdered by Captain Jack and the Modocs 
96— United States troops surprised ana 
T^bxughtered by the Modocs in the l';jva beds 
' May 5- Hon. Jaoies L. Orr, United States 

Minister to lUiss a, dies, St. Petersburi^h. 
7— Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase dies 
"■■june 1— Captnre of Captain Jack and 
the "last of the Modocs. ..10-The Ameri- 
can Department in the Vienna Exposition 
formaUy opened. . . .27-Completion ot the 
new Atlantic cable... July '^0-Captain 
Bnddington and party rescued in the Arctic 
Sea bv the whaler Ravenecraig . . .25—Great 
fire in Baltimore, Md. . . .26-Destructivetire 
• Id Norfolk, Va ...Aug. 2-G-eat fire m 



Portland, Oregon .... 9-Dlsastrou3 cov^fla. 
gratiou in Portland, Mc. . . .Sept. 18— Su» 
pension <.f Jay Cooke & Co., and beginning 
of a financial panic. . . .30-Grand Masonift 
p-.rade in Philadelphia. .. .Oct. 3-Captain 
Jack and three accon>plice3 hanged. . . .Inrst 
session of Evangelical Alliance, N. \. City. 
Hi_Spani.h gunboat, Tornado, seizes 
American steamer Virginius on the high 
pcas ...4— Gen. Burriel of Santiago de 
Cuba shoots Gen. Ryan and others . . 7— Ha 
butchers Capt. Fry of the Virgmiusand hi3 
cre.v ....28— A protocol, arranging tue 
difference between the United States 
and Spain, agreed upon. . . .Dec. 24--Death 
%f Prof. Louis Agassiz....l6-Celebration 
in Boston of the centennial of the tea- 
party " in the harbor of that city. . .Spam 
formally rarrenders the Virgmius to the 
United States. . . .26-The Virgin,us,_ in tow 
of United States steamer Ossipee, smks ott 
Frvinir Pan Shoals. 
^ ^ 1874. 

Jan 8-Repeal of the Salary Act save 
with respect to President Grant. .. 9— Board 
of Centennial Supervisors, Phdadelphia 
adopt plans and specifications for permanent 
cxhi^bilion building. . . .21 -President Grant 
llus new salary bill . • -Feb. 21-Women s 
movement against liquor-sellmg begins m 
Ohio and spreads to other ^^tat^^s- ._. .^b 
Defeat in the House of the bill revivmg the 
I franking privilege .^^ April C-A cremaUon 
society formed in New York •••IJ-^o^- 
ore.-s passes the inflation or currency bill ... 
March 8-Death of exPresident Millard Hi- 
\'^^l ii_Death of Hon. Charles Sum> 
-,„.. ■ ■ 'oo—pi-esident Grant vetoes inflation. 
■ May 13— The Brook forces surrender m 
AVkansr)s, and quiet is restored. ... 23— Sen. 
ate parses Supplementary Civil-rights bilL 
06 _>enate passes bill inviting foreign 
nations to take part in the <,e"tennial at 

Philadelphia .. J""« ^-U .^; ^^^^-TT ^^m 
tara, with party of scientists, sailed fiom 
New York to observe transit of Venus . . 
]0— Senate passes Moiety bill.....lrf— 
House defeats Compromise Currency bill. ... 
f^^lVs-Government of District of Columbia 

Beecher d.-niands an investiga ion of the 
charccs against him. . . .H-Great fir 3 m 
iSo .! . Aug. 28-H. W. Beecher acquit- 
ted by the investigating committee of 1 ly- 
mouh Church.... Sept. 14-Over throw of 
the Kellogg government at ^^.^^lea"^.- ^ 
1 '7_'rhe McEnerv government, in obedience 
Jlproclamatio/ifom President Grant, sur- 
renders to the United States Army. .J^- 
Kellogg government reinstated . . . . iSf v w 



CHKONOLOGT. 



147 



tory of the American Rifle-team in the Inter- 
national match at Creedmoor, L. I..... Oct. 
16— National monument to Abraham Lincoln 
dedicated at Springfield, III. 
18Y5. 
Jan. 8 — Beginning of the civil suit of The- 
odore Tilton vs. Ilenry Ward Beechor 7— 

House of Representatives passes Sherman's 

S;jccie-resumplion bill 14 — President 

Grant signs it Feb. 8— President Grant 

denounces the Garland government in Arkan- 
sas, and recognizes Brooks as Governor. . . . 
18— He issues a proclamation convening the 

Senate in extraordinary session March 5 

March 1— President Grant approves the 

Civil-rights bill 2— Franking privilege 

partially rest, .red 1 2 — Announcement 

from Rome that Archbishop McCloskey, of 
New York, had been created a Cardinal. . ._. 
24.^Extraordinary session of Senate termi- 
nates. President Grant orders all available 
cavalry into the Black Hills country, to re- 
move trespas-ers, etc. .. .April 18 — Centen- 
nuil of the Battles of Concord and Lexing- 
ton, Mass., celebrated in those places 24 

—Spain pays $45,000 of the $80,000 agreed 

upon as the Virginius indemnity 21 — 

Cardinal McCloskey receives the beretta 

jj^y 11 — First international Sunday-school 
Convention assembles in Baltimore, Md. . . . 
IV — Ex-Vice-President John C. Breckenridge 

dies June 17 — Celebration at Boston of 

the Bunker Hill Centennial. .. .William M. 

Tweed released from Blackwell's Island, _re- 

, arrested, and consigned to Ludlow street jail 

on a civil suit 29 — The American Team 

win the International rifle-match at Dolly- 
mount, Ireland July 2 — Jury in Tilton- 

Beecher case fail to agree. . . .9 — Gen. Fran- 
cis P. Blair dies 27— Duncan, Sherman 

& Co., N. Y. Bankers, suspend, and the fail- 
ure is followed by others 81— Ex-Presi- 
dent Andrew Johnson dies. . . .Nov. 22 — 

Vice-President Henry Wilson dies Dec. 7 

■ — President Grant, in his annual message, 
recommends free and non-sectarian schools, 
separation of Church from State, taxation of 
Church property, and a sound currency. . . . 
8 — Congress is memorialized to appropriate 

$il, 500,01 10 for the Centennial Exhibition 

4 — Escape of Wm. M. Tweed 11 — Dyna- 
mite explosion at Bremer-haven, 60 persons 

killed 1 2 — Sarah Alexander, a Jewess, 

brutally murdered at East New York, Kings 
Co., N. Y. . . .16 — Explosion in a coal mine 

in Belgium, 110 persons killed 17-^Wes- 

toa, Thompson and Ellis executed in the 
Tombs for the murder of the pcdler Weis- 
borg. . . .25 — 80 persons killed ';.t Helekon, 
Switzerland, at a Christmas festival. . . .28 — 
Destructive hurricane in the Phillippine 
Islands, 250 lives lost. 

1876. 
Jan. 1 — Centennial year ushered in with 
ri^oicings 6 — Defeat of Herzegovinian 



insurgents by Turks, G'O killed 7— A 

second defeat of the Ilerzeproviaians, many 

lives lost Ships Harvest Quyen and Cape 

Comorin collided off the Briti h c:orist, all on 

board lost 8 — 68 mlitary recruits burned 

to death in Russia by burning cf railroad 

cars 11 — Over 300 Soldh-rs frozen to 

death'in Douza, Turkey 14— befeat oC 

Amnesty Bill in U. S. House of Representa- 
tives 15 — Earthquake in Maine ...17 — 

Tredegar Iron Works, Richmond, Va., failed, 

liabilities, $1,-300,000 18— Herzegovini- 

ans rout 6 battalians of Tm-ks, 30O Turks 
killed. . . .22 — Two days fighting betweem 
Herzegovinian s and Turks ; 450 Turks killed, 

25 — E. D. AVinslow, Boston journalist, 

etc., fled, having committed forgeries to 

amount of $250,000 25— fhe Centennial 

appropriation passed the House of Represen- 
tatives Masked burglars robbed the 

Northampton (Mass.) National Bank of 
S 670,000. . . .26 — Postage on third-class mat- 
ter reduced to ono cent for two ounces 

Writs s Tved on Gen. Schenck, Am. Minister 
to England, on account of his connection 
with the Emma Mine matter. . .29 — Destruc- 
tive overflow of the Ohio Uiver Feb. 2— - 

Portuguese House of Peers voted the Aboli- 
tion of Slavery in St. Thomas, Africa, and 

the Gulf of Guinea 4— Fire in a colliery 

in St. Etienne, Belgium, 156 men killed 

8— Large fire in New York, $3,000,000 
property destroyed ; 4 firemen killed. .. .11 
— Centennial appropriation passed the Sen- 
ate. . . .15 — Wiiislow, the Boston forger, ar- 
rested in London 17 — Gen. Schenck, 

U. S. Minister to England, resigned IS — 

Maine Legislature abolished Capital Punish- 
ment 23 — President of San Domingo re- 
signed. Provisional Government established. 

27 — Sinking of steamer "Mary Belle" 

on Mississippi River; loss, $500,000 28— 

Carlist War in Spain declared ended. . .29 — 
Announcement of annexati.m of Khokand to 

Russia March 1 — Discovery that General 

Belknap, Secretary of War, had sold Post 
Traderships and pocketed proceeds Bel- 
knap resigns 2 — 8oO Turks slain in Her- 

zegovina 7— Alfjn'<o Taft, of Ohio, ap- 

pointed Secretary of War ... A Home of the 
Aged, in Brooklyn, N. Y., burned; 18 old 
people perished. .\ 8— Jury in the $0,000,00.t 
Tweed suit found a verdict for the people 

for $6,537,117.38 Japan declared war 

against Corea A great battle between 

Egyptians aud Abyssinians ; 5,000 Abyssin- 

ians killed 11— Daniel Drew failed 

13— Lieut. -Gov. Davis, of Mississippi, im- 
peached and found guilty of high crimes and 
misdemeanors, and on the 23d removed from 
ofiice. . , .16— Terrible inuudationsiu France, 

Belgium and Germany 21 — Great battle 

between Mexican Government troops and 
Revolutionists; Government defeated; 15O0' 
killed 26— The dykes at Herzogenbos4:>^ 



148 



CnEONOLOGY. 



Holland, give way, flooding the town ; hun- 
dreds of horses swept away and 6,000 persons 
niaiie homeless. ., .28 — 500 Persians losf. by 
a shipwreek in the Arabian Sea. . .29 — Gov\ 
Adelbert Ames, of Mississippi, resigns, and 
J. M. Stone, President of Senate, succeeds 
him.... April 4 — Successful and bloodless 

'.revolution in Hayti 5 — U. S. Senate 

organized a-s a High Court of Impeachment 

lin^tlie Belknap case 10-12— The bill to 

issue silver coin in place of fractional cur- 
rency passes both Houses of Congress. . . . 
13 — Turks successful in a battle near Kjevais ; 
300 insurgents killed. . . .15 — Dom Pedro II, 
Emperor of Brazil, arrived in New York. . . 
17 — Issue of silver currency began . . .27 — 
Belknap's trial began . . . .28 — Queen Victoria 
assumed the additional title of " Empress of 
India.". . . .May G — 20,000 charges of " rend 
rock powder" exploded on Jersey City 
Heights, doing immense damage, . . .8 — The 
House of llepreteutativea passed the Hawai- 
ian Treaty Bill. . . .9 — Grand Jury of Crim- 
inal Court of Distiict of Columbia, found a 
true bill again^^t Ex-Secretary Belknap. . . . 
V. N. Rubenstein. the condemned murderer 
of Sarah Alexander, died in prison. . . .12 — 
A battle between Turks and Herzegovinians 
this day, and another on the 25th ; Turks de- 
feated in both, losing 700 in the first and 500 

in the second 16 — Green Clay Smith 

nominated for Presidency by Proliibitionists. 
....18 — Peter Cooper nominated for Presi- 
dency by Inflationists. .. .20— Sir Edmund 
Bricldey, Bart., manuiacturer, declared bank- 
rupt, liabilities $2,500,000 22— Edwards 

Pierrepont appointed Minister to England; 
Alfonso Taft, Attorney-General; J, Donald 
Cameron, Secretary of War. . . .29 — Abdul 
Aziz, Sultnn of Turkey, deposed and Murad 
EfFendi declared his successor . . , .June — The 
Turks were defeated in encounters with the 
Herzegovinian insurgents on the 1st, 8d, 4th, 
18th and 20th, losing in all 3,480 men. . .3 — 
44,000 barrels of crude petroleum oil were 
etruck by lightning and burned at Oil City, 
I'enn ...4 — Abdul Aziz committed suicide 
in Constantinople. .. .A special train ran 
from Jersey C'ity, N. J., to S(in Francisco, 
in 83 hours, S4 minutes. .. .10-15 — Disas- 
trous inundations in China, many thousands 
of Chinese drowned. .. .12 — Destructive in- 
undations in Switzerland, many lives lost, 
. . . .14-16 — Republican National Convention 
ia Cincinnati, Rutherford B. Hayes nomi- 
nated fur President, Wm. A. Wheeler, Vice- 
Presi lent. . . .1.") — Turkish J\iinisters of War 
and Poreign Ailairs, and other p.cr ^ons killed, 
and some others wounded, by c.n assassin nam- 
ed H.ssin. ...17— Bej. II. Br.stow, Secretary 
of Trc .sury. resigncii . . . Ha-^sin, the assassin, 
han'j:ed. . .".20 — U. S. Tn-nsurer New, and So- 
licitor of ti Tre.asuiy, liluford Wilson, rc- 
8i'.?ncd . . .21 — Lot M. iMor:i'l, of Maine, ap- 
pointed Seci'etary of I'roas iiy. .23 — Turkish 



atrocities in Bulgaria; within three months 
reported from 18,000 to 30,000 persons mur- 
dered, women ravished, and 37 towns and 
vdlages plundered and destroyed. .. .25 — 
Gen. Geo. A. Custer, his two brothers and 
250 soldiers killed in a fight with the Siou.x 

on the Little Horn River, Montana 27-29 

— Democratic National Convention met at 
St. Louis and nominated Samuel J. Tilden 
for President, and Thomas A. Hendricks for 
Vice-President. . . .29 — Albert M. Wyman ap- 
pointed U. S. Treasurer. . . .July 1 — Servia 
declared war against Turkey, and on the 3d, 
her army was defeated near Luicar, losing 
2,000 men, and again, on the 6th, experienced 
another severe defeat, losing 1,300 men. . . . 
4 — Centennial Anniversary of American In- 
dependence ; a vast concourse of people at 
Philadelphia, and a universal observance of 
the day throughout the United States .... 
Terrible tornado in Central Iowa, 60 to 80 
persons killed . . . .11 — lion. D. D. Pratt, Com- 
missioner of Internal Revenue, resigned. . . . 
lion. Marshall Jewell, Postmaster-General, 
resigned and gave })lace to James M. Tyner, 
of Ind., who was appointed on the 12th. . . . 
19 — At the College regatta, at Saratoga, Cor, 
nell University won all three of the races. . . 
26 — The French Government's powder maga- 
zino at Toulouse exploded, with great loss of 
life.... 29 — Ex-Queen Isabella returned to- 
Spain . . . .30 — Tlie Turks were guilty of great 
atrocities in Bosnia, 3,000 Christians were 
massacred, and all manner of outrages commit- 
ted; their troops were defeated by tlie Sery. 
iansand Montenegrins . . Aug. 1 — Colorado 
declared a State of the Union by President 
Grant .... Gen. Belknap acquitted on the im- 
peachment trial. . . .7 — Servians defeated by 

the Turks, losing 5,000 men 14-15— The 

Turks were defeated by the Montenegrins, 
losing 8,000 men, and the next day by the 
Servians, with great slaughter. . . .17 — Gn-at 
famine in the northern provinces of China, 
thousands dying dailj'. . . .Great outi-ngcs by 
the Turks in Bulgaria ...18 — On this date, 
and the 19th and 23d, the Turks were repul;^ed 
and defeated by the Servians. . . .22 — The 
great Coal Combination was broken , . . .23 — • 
N. Y. State Republican Convention held at 
Saratoga, E. D. Morgan nominated for Gov- 
ernor, Sherman S. Rogers, Lieutenant Gover- 
nor. .. .Severe fight between the Sioux and 
Gens. Terry and Crook, Indians defeated, but 
losses heavy. . . .30 — N. Y. State Democratic 
Convention nominate Horatio Seymour for 
Govenor, but ho would not accept . . Lieut.- 
G >vernor Dorsheimer rc-nondnaied . . . .21 — • 
Murnd Efl"endi. Sul: an of Turkey, d( posed, 
and Abdul Hamed proclaimed ins successor. 
. . . .Sept. 4. — Servians defeated by tiie Turks. 
. , , .6 — \\'m. M. Tweed arrested at Vigo, 

Sixain Turks lost 1,800 men in a fight 

wi: h the Montenegrins . . . 7 — 1,500 Egyptian 
troops massacred ia Abyssinia. . . .9 — IndiMj 



CHKONOLOGT. 



149 



village captured and destroyed by Gen. 
Crook's troops. .. .13 — N. Y. Democrutic 
Convention reconvened, and nominate Lucius 
Ef'binson for Governor. . . .14 — International 
Rifle Matcli at Creediuoor, American Team 
victorious .... 1 5 — Yellow fever raging at 
Savannah ... 1 6 — Gen, Crook destroys an- 
other Indian village. . . .17 — Fight between 
whites and blacks at Aiken, S. C. . . .24 — 
Hell Gate reef, in N. Y. harbor, successfully 
blown up ; 50,000 pounds of dynamite and 
powder used.... 27 — Statue of Seward, in 

Madison Park. N. Y., unveiled 28-30— 

The Servians were twice, and the Turks once 
defeated. .. .30 — Great hurricane in Porto 
Rico, many lives and much property lost. . . . 
Oct. 3 — Cyclone passed over Central America; 
many lives lost; $5,000,000 property des- 
troyed. . . .5 — E. A. Woodward, one of the 
Tammany Ring, arrested in Chicago. , . .7 — 
Montenegrins defeat the Turks; 850 Turks 
Ailled....lO — State Elections held in Indi- 
ana, West Virginia and Ohio ; Democrats 
successful in first two and Republicans in the 
last.... 12 — Monument to Christopher Co- 
lumbus unveiled in Philadelphia. .. ,10,000 
Egyptians massacred by Abyssinians. . . . 
Montenegrins defeat Turks and kill 1,500 of 
them.... 17 — ^outh Carolina declared in a 
state of insurrection. . . .21 — Turks evacuate 
Montenejjro . . .24 — Gen. Crook captured 480 
lodges of Indians, .. .25 — Continental Life 
Insurance Company suspended . . .28 — Brit- 
ish Arctic Expedition, Capt. Nares, returned; 
they had penetrated to within 400 miles of 
the Pole. . . .29 — The Servian General Tcher- 
nayefF defeated by the Turks. . . .31 — About 
215,1 00 people perished during a cyclone in 
India ; several thousand houses demolished. 
. . . .Nov. 1 — Armistice signed between 
Turkey and Servia. . . .5--400 Cheyenne 
lodges surrender to Gen. Miles. . . .7 — Day of 
Presidential Election; result uncertain.... 
Lerdo de Tejado re-elected President of 
Mexico. . . .10— Centennial Exhibition for- 
mally closed. , . .12 — Gold discoveries in the 
Black Hills. ...16 — European Powers pre- 
paring for war. .. .Germany refuses to take 
part in the Paris Exposition of 1878. . . .20 — 
The Younger Brothers plead guilty to the 
murder of Haywood, Cashier of Northfield 
(Maine) Bank.... 22 — Chief-Justice Iglesius 
I'evolts from President Lerdo, and declares 

himself Provisional President of Mexico . 

23 — The Sultan abolishes slavery in the 
Turkish Empire. . . .Tweed arrives in New 
York from Vigo, and is imprisoned in Lud- 
low street Jail. . . .26 — Russian loan of $73,- 
000,000 subscribed. . . .South Carolina Can- 
vassers imprisoned for contempt. . . .Webster 
Statue unveiled in New York. . . .28 — Gen. 
Crook captures 100 Indian k/dges. . . .29 — 
Great fire in Tokio, Japan ; 5,000 houses des- 
troyed ; 50 lives lost. . . .Dec, 1— rSale of the 
Centennl-al Buildings .... 2 — Resignation of 



the French Ministry, . , ,4 — Greeley monu- 
ment unveiled in Greenwood Cemetery. . . .5 
— Burning of the Brooklyn Theatre, about 
300 lives lost. . . .New Anglo-American Ex- 
tradition Treaty negotiated .... 6 — Remains 
of Baron de Palm cremated at Washington, 
Pa, , , .7 — Lerdo flees from the Mexican Capi- 
tal, and Gen, Porfiris Diaz proclaims himf^e^ 
Provisional President. . . .8 — Severe gale auT 
snow storm, from the Rocky Mountains to 
the Atlantic. . . .13 — Ice gorge in the Missis- 
sippi, at St. Louis ; many steamers crushe 1. . . 
15 — Centennial congratulations received from 
the Mikado of Japan. . . .19 — Midhat Pasha 
appointed Grand Vizier. .. .25 — 120 vessels 
lost on the Coast of Scotlnrd by a gale. . . . 
26 — The Isthmus Canal Commission report 
in favor of the Nicarrgua route. . . .Conflu- 
ence of European Powers at Constantinople. 
. . . .29 — Terrible railroad disaster at Ashta- 
bula, O.: train breaks through a bridge, cars 
take fire, about 80 lives lost. 
1877. 
Jan. 1 — Orders sent to U. S, troops on the 
Rio Grande to protect American citizens 
against Mexican outrages. , . .Two Legisla- 
tures organized in Louisiana, . . , Terrific gale 
and many shipwrecks on the South coast of 
England. , , .Queen Victoria proclaimed Em- 
press of India at Delhi. . , ,Rev. Dr. W. L. 
Breckenridge, Presbyterian, 73, died at Ray- 
mond, Mo. . . .2 — Turks attack Negotin in 
Servia; are repulsed with loss of 146 soldiers, 
,.,.S. — Centennial celebration of the battle 
of Princeton. . . .Terrible hurricane in Gui- 
puzcoa, Spain. . . .Gen. Diaz att;icks and de- 
feats Iglesias at Guannjuata. . . .Railroad ac- 
cident near Copenhagen, Detimark; 9 killed, 
37 injured . . .Cornelius Vanderbilt died, 
aged 83, N. Y. . . .Extradition treaty signed 
between LL S. and Spain ; applies to all 
criminal offenses except political. ., .Spain 
severs relations with Chinese government. . . 
5 — Active war preparations in Ruhsia.... 
Active German officers forbidden to enter the 
Russian army. . . Steamship Geoi-ge Crom- 
well wrecked off Cape St, Mary, N. F.; all on 
board lost. . , .6 — Rev, Richard Cobbold, 

Eng. author, died in London, 80 7— i 

Steamship L'Amerique ashore at Seabright, 
N. J.; 3 of the crew lost. . . .Duel betweea 
Bennett and May in Delaware; nobody hurt. 
, , , , Steamer Montgomery sunk by a coilision 
off Cape May; 13 persons drowned. , . .Gen. 
Miles defeats Crazy Horse's band at Wolf 
Mountain. .. .Hermann Brockhaus, German 
Orientalist, died at Leipsic, Ger. . . .9 — The 
Russian fleet, with the Grand Duke Alexis 
and Constantino, arrives off Charleston .... 
12— Fall of 300 feet of the glass roof of the 
Grand Central Depot, N. Y., from the weight 
of the snow. . . .Earthquake in California. . , . 
13 — Ice gorge on Oliio River; great loss of 
life and property ; $2,000,000 eacli at Pitta- 
burgh and Cincinnati, .. .14 — Battle witli 



150 



CJHRONULOGY. 



the Inciiang near Elthorn. . . .15 — The Great 
Powers submit their modified ultimatum to 
Turkey . . .American ^llipGeori;•e Green lost 
with all on board, on the English coast. . . . 
lY — Rear Admiral Joseph Smith, U. 8. N., 
83, died at Washinolon, D. C. . . .Shower of 
serpents at Memphis, 'I'enn. . . .Election riofc 
4it Montreal; sacking- of T-^wn ITall. . . .News 
fof dreadful famine in India; British Govern- 
ment estimate cost of relief at $o--',500,00(». 
... 18 — Crazy Horse Ci-.ptures a wagon train 
and kills 20 men we.stof Mi.ssouri. . . .Turkish 
Forte unanin:ously reject the ultimatum.. . 
8tf amer George Washington, N. Y. lor St. 
Johrs, N. F., lost near Cape Race; 29 per- 
sons drowned. .. .21 — Captain Richard R. 
Locke, one of the Dartmoor prisoners and <i 
veteran of 1812, died at Rye Beach, K II. . . 
John C. Lord, I). D., Presbyterian, Vl, died 
at Buffalo .'..23— Fire in Bolton, Eng., col- 
liery ; 15 lives lost. . . .24 — 300 people massa- 
cred in Cali, U. S. of Columbia, S. A. ... 25 
— Memorial statute of Robert Burns un- 
veiled at Glasgow Guerillas attack 

Gen. Welshes, of Santander, Spain, and 
are defeated with 400 killed and 600 
wounded and prisoners. . . .27 — Memorial of 
1,5''0 bankers and brokers, asking for repeal 
of all special taxes on National banks, pre- 
sented to Congress. . . .28. — Moody and San- 
key meetings commence in Boston. . . .Signor 
Blitz, prestidigitateur, di( s jit Philadelphia, 
67. . . .29 — First meeting of National Sunday 
School Congress in Chicago . . . .ol — Electoral 
Commission (bill sigmd 28tli) organized with 
five Senators, five Representatives, and five 
Supreme Court Judges . . .First Mexican in 

stallment ($300,000) paid Feb. 1— Keeper 

Custer, of Auburn State Prison, murdered by 
Wm. Bair, a convict. .. .Servia and lurkey 
agree upon n preliminary treaty of peace. . . . 
5 — A Spanish vessl boarded bv pirates cfi" 
North Guini'a. . . .Midliat Pacha deposed fiom 
Grand Viziership of Turkey; Edheni Pasha 
liis successor. . . .6 — Burning of S.S. Bavaiia, 
en route from N. (>. to Limerick. . . Rev. W 
M. P). ily, D.D., LL.D., formerly President 
Louisiana State University, Methodist, C5, 
(lied at Now Orleans .. .Outbreak among 
Apache Indians in Arizon i . . . .Rear Admiral 
James Alden, U. S. N., died at San Francisco. 
. . . .Col. J, O'Mahoney, Fenian le \der, 57, N. 
Y. City. . . .British Str. Ethel ashore on Lun- 
dy Island, Wahs, and ti-n persons drowned. 
. . . .The Electoral Commission, by a vote of 
8 to 7, decides not to go behind the rpturns. 
...Cr.izy Horse's bnnd defeated by Gen. 
Miles, near Tongue River. .. .8 — Henry B. 
Smith, D.D., LL.D., Professor Union theo- 
logical Seminary, Presbyterian, 61, di''d in 
N. Y. . . Rear Admiral Chas. Wilkes, U. S. 
N., 76, died in Washington, D.C. . . .Opening 
of English House of Parliament. . . .10 —Gun- 
powder explosion at Adhernahed, India, kills 
50 and wounda 1,000 persons. . . .Rear Adm'l 



Theodorus Bailey, V. S. N., 74, died at Wa&Ii 
ington, D. C. . . . 11— Sir Wm. Ferguson, Pre 
sident of Royal College of Surgeons, 69, died 
in London. ....12 — Rinderpest spreading 
throughout Germany. . . .New insurrection in 
Bosnia. . . . 13 — ^ew Stock Exchange orean- 
ized in New York .... 14 — ReceiT^er appointed 
for New Jersey Central Railroad. . . . Ainie de 
Pichot, French writer, died in Lond<m. . . . 
Gen. Changarnier, 84, died in Paris, France. 
....15 — Attempt to assassinate Gov. Pack^ 
ard, in New Orleans. . . .Col. Gordon, African 
exj)lorcr, a})pointed governor of the province 
of Soudan, Africa. . . .Coal mine explosion at 
Graissessoc, France, and 55 miners killed.. . . 
li> — L. D. Pilsbury confirmed as Supt. of N. 
Y. State prisons . . .Midhat Pasha arrives at 
Naples. . . .17 — Gen. I>iaz elected President, 
and Ignacio Vallaste Chief Justice of Mexico. 
. . . .18 — Attempted as.^assin.ation of the Arch- 
bisliop of Mexico . . .Rear Admiral Chas. H. 
Davis, IT. 8. N., 70, died at AVashington, D. 
C. . . .19 — Judge II. W. Williams, a justice of 
the Supreme Court, died at Pi'tsburgh, Pa. 
. . . .20 — Rear Admiral I-ouis Goldsborough, 

U. S. N., 72, died at Washington, D. C 

Rinderpest at Hull, Eng. . . .21 — British bark 
Marie wrecked off west coast of Africa; 12 
men lost. .. .Boiler explosion at Middleton, 

Ohio, killing 4 and injuring 12 persons 

22 — Train thrown from railroad track near 

Lowell, Mass., by train wreckers Str, 

Franconia wrecked off Point San Bias. . . . 
Major Gen. Amos B. Eaton, Commissary Gen. 

U. S. A., died at New Haven, CoTin 24 — 

Submarine volcanic eruption at Kalakaua 
Bay, Hawaiian Islands. . . . 25 — Furious storm 
on the coast of Long Island ; several vessels 
and crews lost. . . . 26 — 229 Sioux Indians sur- 
render at the Cheyenne agency. . . . 27 — Whal- 
ing Str. Spitzbergen, with 20 pi-rsons, lost 
near Bergen, Norway. .. .Ex Gov. Joseph 
Johnston, 92, died at Bridgeport, Va. . . .The 
Electoral Commission decide all the doubtful 
States for Haves and Wheeler by a vote of 8 
to 7. . . .March 1 — Formidable mob dispersed 
in Charleston, S. C. . . .Gov. Hayes leaves 

Columbus, Ohio, for Washington The 

Miridites take up arms against Tiu'key, and 
besiege the Puka fortress. . . .The British Me- 
diterranean squadron ordered to concentrate 
at Malta.... 2 — The electoral ci unt com- 
pleted, and Messrs. Hayes and Wheeler de- 
clared duly elected President anl A''ice-Presi- 

dent of the U. S 3— Joel T. Hart, sculptor, 

67, died at Florence, Italy Chief Justice 

Wai!e administers the oath of office to Pres. 
Hayes . . .Diplomatic relations between Tur- 
key and Servia restored. .. 5 — Batemaa 
House at Knn>as, Pa., burned: 6 persons per- 
ish. .. .XLIVth Congress adjourns sine die. 

President Hayes and Vice-President 

Wheeler publicly inaugurated. . . .Special ses- 
sion of Senate opened. . . .Marquis de Com- 
piegne, distinguished African traveler, kiUed 



CHKONOLOGT. 



151 



in a duel ac Cairo, E-ypt. .. .Austria con- 
centrates troops on the frontiers of Dalmat.a 
and Croatia.... C. P. Coinpton M»rqu.s ot 
Northampton, 61, died in London.... 6— 
Franklin J. Moees, ?r.. Chief Justice Supreme 
Court of South Carolina, Y2, died in Columbia, 
8 C Destructive lire in Bond street, is. i . 
(liobbins & Appletonbuildino); loss $1,061. - 
000 .'..Joe Cobun, notorious pughst, pei.t 

to ;=ins; yin- for ten years. '^"^'.'f, ^""f" 

Fid-^nt nominates his cabinet. . . .MatUdi A. 
Heron, nctress, 47. d ed in N ^ . .Fame i , 
the yi F.;mci3 Xavier Church, i\.Y.; se/erai 
pcr.3on^ killed .... Ashtabula bridge de- 
cla'-ed by coroner's jury to have be u unsat ■, 

and Lake Shore R. R. Co. censured 8— 

Explosion in Worcester. Eng., coal mine and 

death of a Lirge number of miners 9— 

Montenegro and Turkey cannot t.greoupon a 
peace basis. . . .10— Tenement house m New 
York burned with three inmates . . .Cabinet 

nominations confirmed Senator Simon 

Cameron resi-ned. . . .Rev. E O Hovey, 
Professor of Chemistry and Geo.ogy, 76, 
died at Crawfordsville, Ind. . .11— 250 Com- 
munists (convicts) pardoned in France.... 
1;— Chas. Cowden Clark, Eng. author, 91, 

died at Genoa, Italy Mme. Octavia Le 

Vert, authoress, 67, died at Augusta, Ga. . . . 
Ilenrv M. Stanley announc d the survey of 
LakeTanganyika. . .14— Six Chinamen mur- 
dered in Chico, Butler Co.,Cai., by a gang 
of white ruffians.... The Khedive presents 
Cleopatra's needle to Great Britain . . .Fred. 
•Douglass appointed Unite 1 Slates Mar^^hal 

fnr "the Di-^trict of Columbia 15— Diaz 

recofmized as Pre4dent of Mexico by U. S. 

"Stephen 8. Jones, editor, Chicago, shot 

dead in his office by Dr. W. C. Drake .17 

— U. S. Senate adjourns Six hours fight 

between Bosnians and Turks near Orezgonia. 

18 Sir. llussland from Antwerp to New 

York went ashore at Long Brancli Iglo- 

gias, late President of Mexico, but deposed 
by the Diaz revolution, issued .i proclamation 

fi-om New Orleans England demanded a 

modification of the Russian protocol Sir 

Edward Belcher, Rear Admiral, commander 
of an expedition in search of Sir John Frank- 
lin, '78, died in London 19— Ex.-Gov. 

Emory Washburne, of Mass., 77, died at 

Cambridge, Mass J. Dona'd Cameron, 

late Secretary of Treasury, elected U. S. 

Senator from Pean Saigo begins aformid- 

able rebellion in Japan 20— Congress ap- 
propriates $200,000 to complete the W ash.ng- 
ton Monument . . .21— Leipsic fixvd upon as 
the seat of the Imperi 1 Court of Germany. 
.Death of Prince Charles of Ilcsse Darm- 
stadt President Hayes' cabinet decide 

upon a Louisiana Commission 22 — Labor 

crisis in Germany 23— Jno. D. Lee, one 

of the Mormon murderers at the Mountam 
Meadow massacre, was executed there; his 
confessiou implicates many leading mormons. 



_ _ 24 \^illage of Madri.l, St. Lawrence Co., 

N.' Y., almost destroyed by fire . . 26 — Wat 

ter Ba^eliot, publicist, died in London 

Prof Jno. S. Hart, teacher and author, 67, 
died'inl'hila....27-Dam of the Stafl^ords- 
Tide Coun., reservoir gives way; two per- 
sons drowned; $1,000,000 loss... One edi- 
tor kills anoth.^r in Topeka, Kansas .Si^ 
J F. Fitzgerald, F.eld Marshal liriti.^h Arm, f_ 
91 died^in Tours, France 28-Pnnci 
Antoinj Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon J, 
died in Flon-nce, Italy.... 29-Mexican au- 
thorities imprison L. S. Consul Sutton.... 
SO-Revoltin Pashalik (i Diarbekir, Arme- 
nia General Charette presents Cardinal 
Simeoni with an album contdning the signa- 
tures of over 3O,00J viduntecrs, who are 
ready to figlit for the temporal power of the 
Pope . .31— '['he Cabinet decides to with- 
draw the U. S. troops from South Carolina. 
Russia amended protocol, incorporating 
England's suggestions, accei)ted by the pow- 
ers Anril 2— First telephone concert at 
Steinway'Hall, N. Y. City. . . .Bismarck ten- 
ders his resignation as Chancedor of Ger- 
many. . .3— Capt. Fred'k Lalirbush. formerly 
of British Army, 11 1, died in N. Y. City. . . 
4_Prospect8 of war in the East increasing; 
Russia determined to fight . . .5— Orville D. 
Jewett kills his uncle and himself by explod- 
in^ a handgrenade in his store in Front st., 
N*Y 6— The Louisiana Commission com- 
mences "its session at New Orleans Insur- 

o-ent Gen. Tru) Ho defeats conservative forces 
in U. S. of Colomlda. S. A., and the State of 
Antioquia i3 su-rendere 1 to him. . . .8— Rev. 
William A. Muhlenber;:, D.D., an eminent 
pliilanthropist and founder of St. Luke's 
Hospital, and St. Johnland. 80, died in New 
York- and John Conant, also a philanthro- 
pist, 87, died at Jaff;ay, N. II. . . .10— U. S. 
troops withdrawn from the State House m 
Columbia, S. C; Gov. Cbamberlin gives up 

the contest 11— Southern Hotel in St 

Louis burned, and 10 lives lost ...Prof. 
Smith, of Rochester, discovers a new comet 

near Cassiopeia Ross Winans. an eminent 

inventor, 80, died at Baltimore, Md 12— i' 

Joseph, chief of Nez Perces, in Oregon, de- 
clines to go onthoLapwai r scrvation. . . . 
Russian troops move toward the Roumanian 
frontier 13— S. S. Leo, Savannali t<.. Nas- 
sau burned at sea; 3 passengers and 13 of 
crew lost Darien expl ring expedition re- 
turns to Panama 14— Lorenzo Sabine, 

ex-M C. and author, 75, died at Boston, !\Ias3. 
1,000 Indians, Roman Nose's band, with 
their chief, surrender to Gen. Crook at Spot- 
ted Tail Agency Turkey rejects the 

terms of the protocol of the Great Powers; 
panic on the Vienna Bourse. .. .15— Grand 
Duke Nicholas reviews Russian army of the 
Pruth .17— Japanese insurgents defeated 
and put to flight. . . .50,000 people in London 
make a demonstration in favor of Tichborne 



152 



CHRONOLOGY. 



elaimant Russia and Turkey making 

energetic preparations for war. . . .Tweed de- 
livers a statement to the Attorney General. . 
18 — The Murphy temperance movement 
spreading throughout Pennsylvania and Ohio. 
. . . .An insurrection breaks out in Spain. . . . 
19 — The Louisiana Commission reports in fa- 
Jljvor of JSicholls for Governor, and his Legis- 
iature....20 — Twelve oil wells and tanks 

destroyed by lightning in Butler Co., Pa 

The Roman government determines to dis- 
solve all Republican and International Asso- 
ciations in Italy 21 — Eight lodges of 

Cheyennes, comprising HiO persons — 86 fight- 
ing men — surrender to Gen. Crook... Brig 
Roanoke, Wylie, Philadelphia to Porto Cabel- 
lo, lost at sea; 11 peisons drowned ...Em- 
jieror of Russia arrives at Kischeneff . . . . Re- 
volt in Paraguay; a brother of the President 
assassinated, but the conspirators routed. . . . 
23 — Russia declares war ngainst Turkey .... 
Jassy (ui Roumania) occupied by Russian 
troops: the Montene:^rins occupy Kistar. Rus- 
eiana cross the Pruth at three points. . . 24 — 
Withdrawal of U. !S. troops from Louisinna 
State House. End of the Packard govern- 
ment 26 — Atrocious murder of Judge 

Chisholm, his son and daughter, and Mrs. Gil- 
mer, by a mob in De Kalb, Kemper Co., Miss. 
. . . .P'irst battle of the war near Batoum, on 
the Black Sea; Russians lose 800... 29 — 
Str. Sidonian, Glasgow to N. Y., explodes a 
boiler, 7 killed. . . .Montreal Kovelty Works 
burned; 9 killed, 1 injured ,. . Batt'e before 
Kars. Russians under Melikoff defeat Moukh- 
tar Pasha. . . .Ex- Senator and Gov. Wm. G. 
Brownlow (Parson Brownlow), T2, died at 
Knoxville, Tenn. . . .31 — Roumanians, Mon- 
tenegrins and Herze2,ovinians join Russia 
against Turkey. .. .May 1 — Queen Victoria 
issues a proclamation of neutrality in the East- 
ern war. .Part of the roof of the N. Y. post- 
office falls, killing 3 men. . . 2 — Diaz declared 
elected President by the Mexican Congress. . 
Russian troops capture Bayazid in Arme- 
nia. Montenegrins hold the Duga Pass, block- 
fading Goransko and Nicsica. The Press law 
of 1865 suspended at Constantinople. . . .Col. 
.John Forsyth, editor, 66, died at Mobile. . . . 
8. — Great land slide in Canada on banks of 
river Voillrt; 5 persons killed. .Tho Porte is- 
suea a circular denouncing Roumania's trench- 
«ry . 4 — Rev. Mr. Miller suspended for here-y 
by New Jersey Synod. . . .Turkish monitors 
bombard Reni. . . .President Hayes calls an 
extra Congressional S'ssion for Oct. 15. . . .5 
— Spanish government offer amnesty and par- 
don to a'l Cuban insurgents who will lay 
down their arms. . . .6 — Crazy Horse and his 
band of 900 Sioux surrender. .. .Russians 
bombard Kara . . .7 — King of Abyssinia de- 
clares war against tho Khedive of Egypt. . . . 
Transvaal Republic, ^outh Africa, annexed to 
British Ivmpire. . . .P — I'xniration of sewitig 
machine patents. . .Postal convention Italy 



signed by President.. .Turliish monitors Tjom 
bard Russian batteries at Ibrail, and with 
the fortress at Widin, bombard Kalafat also 

Cossacks cross tlie Danube 9 — Explo- 

sio I in VVadesville mine, St. Clair, Pa., killing 
7 and wounding 2. . . . A fanatical outbreak in 
the Tchelohnntse country, in consequence oi 
the Turkish war, put down by the Russians; 
loo killed, 250 \\ounded. .. .Commodore B, 
S. Totten, IT. S. N., 71, died at New Bedford, 
Maa3....1(' — Opening of permanent exhibv 
tion at Philadelphia by President Hayes. . . . 
Iquique, and 15 other towns and villages in 
Peru, partly or wholly destroyed by an earth- 
quake; 600 lives and 20 millions of property 
lost. . .Rev. F. X. Schenhous, founder of the 
Redemptionist order in ^America, 68, died in 
Baltimore ... 1 1 — Prof. Taylor Lewis, LL.D., 

75, died at Schenectady, N. Y .Walls of 

an untinished couvt-kouse at Rockford, 111., 
fell, killing 10 workmen, . . Turkish iron clad 
sunk by Russian masked batteries near Ibraii. 
Russians deleated at Batoum with heavy less 
in an 8 hours battle.. 12 — Japanese tm[;ire 
admitted to Postal Union from June 1 . ..13 — 
Di:iz recognized by Germany. . . .L. J. E. Pi- 
carJ, French ttatesman, 56, died in Paris.. 14 
— I'oisoning of miners at Streator, III. .Burn- 
ing of villages of Clinton Mills, Edinburgh 

and Forest in northern N. Y Six Turkish 

iron-clads bombard Sukum Kaleh, but are 
defeated. . . .President Hayes attends the ban- 
quet of Chamber Commerce. . . .15 — b'nvcil- 
ing of statute of Fitz Greene Ilallock at Cen- 
tral Park, N. Y .... Five-foot tidal wave in 
Lake Erie. . .The Miriditea drive the Turks 
frcjm Oroschi. . . Mexican authorities at Aca- 
pulco apologize for imprisoning Consul Sut- 
ton, and salute his flag. . . .16 — The Legisla- 
ture of Illinois attempts to make silver coin a 
legal tender for all debts in the State. ..Com- 
modore E. W. Carpenter, U. S. N., 80, died 
at Shrewsbury, N. J. . . .Crisis in the French 
cabinet. .. .Destructive forest fires in Michi- 
gan. . . .Tornado at Fulton, Mo., destroys 10 
buil'lings and part of railroad depot. . 17— Ded 
icat'on of revolutionary monument on Dor- 
chester Heights, Ma?s. . , . Ex-President Grant 
sailsfor Europe in the Str. Indiana. . Ardahan 
wi'h 22 cannon captured by the Rus.sians. 
. .Terrible famine in Shan-tung and Chih-li 
provinces, China.. 19 — Convention at Doad- 
wood, Dakota, to take steps for organizing the 
new Territory of Lincoln . . . .Prince Cassan, 
fie Khedive's son, left for Constantinople with 

6.000 Egyptians Ex-Gov. Kent, of Maine, 

75, died at Bangor, Me Count H. de Toc- 

queville, life senator, died in Paris, France. . . . 
'>[ — Roumania declares her independence and 
proclaims war against Turkey. .. .22 — Acci- 
dent at lauTich of steamship Saratoga, at Ches- 
ter, Pa. : 7 men crushed to death and 2 injured, 
... .S'.r M. D. Wyatt, ari hitect, died in Lon- 
don. .. .Ghivct burned by Russians; Adler 
bombarded by Turks ; Forts Tahmaz ond Kara 



CHRONOLOGY. 



ISS 



Dagb, oatworTrs of Kars, bombarded by Rus- 
giaDS....23 — W, H. Hosmer, poet, died in 
Avon, N. Y. . . .Don Carlos^leaves France for 
Linz, Austria. .. .Russians repulsed at Ba- 
toum....24 — Religious war proclaimed in 
Losnia. . . .Ten Broeck, at Louisville races, 
n^akes the fastest one mile on record — time, 
1.39f . . . .26 — Gen. and Mrs. Grant arrive at 
QiK-enstown. . . .The Russians blowup a large 
monitor on the Danube with torpedoes. . . .28 
— Lieut. Lawton leaves Red Cloud Agency 
for the Indian territory with 972 Chejennes 
}:nd Arapahoes. . .The Russians carry Sameba 
Heights 29— The Turks defeat the Rus- 
sians near Kutari. .. .Fletcher Harper, last 
survivor of the original Harper Brothers, 71, 
died in N. Y. .. .John Lotlirop Motley, his- 
torian and diplomatist, 63, died in London. 
. . . .31 — Moukhtar Pasha dismissed and dis- 
graced. .. .June 1 — Gen. Ord instructed to 
loUow marauding parties of Mexicans across 
the Rio Grande. . - .Gen. Grant given a recep- 
tion by the Prince of Wales at Marlborough 
House, London. .. .2 — Fire caused by light- 
ning near Millerstown, Pa.; $85,000 worth of 
petroleum destroj'ed. . . .3 — Fiftieth anniver- 
sary of the consecration of Pius IX as a bisliop 
observed at Rome . . . Sophia Frederica Matil- 
da, Queen of Holland, 59, died at the Hague, 
Holland. . . .Mrs. Elizabeth EUet, authoress, 

59, died in N. Y 4 — Tornado visits Mt. 

Carmel, 111. ; 11 persons killed and many in- 
jured . . AVaterspout does great damage in 
lowa,N. W.of Burlmgton. . . .5 — Over 16,000 
million feet of standing pine timber destroyed 
by forest fires in Michigan and Wisconsin. . . . 
A Greek patriarch, in a pastoral letter, coun- 
sels loyalty to Turkey. . . .The Czar arrives at 
the front. . . .6 — A bridge falls at Bath, Eng., 
and nearly 200 persons thrown into the Avon; 
12 killed and 50 injured....'/ — Cleopatra's 
needle, destined for England, exhumed. . . .8 
— A hat shop burned at Bridgeport, Conn. ; 
11 men killed by falling walls. . . .Destructive 
fire in Galveston, Texas ; $1,500,000 of prop- 
erty destroyed. . . .New levy of 218,000 men 
ordered in Russia. . . .The Turks try to force 
the Duga Pass in Montenegro and lose 4,000 
men . . . .9 — Fast passenger traffic inaugurated 
by the Pennsylvania and connecting Western 
roads. .. .Persia applies for admission into 
the Postal Union. . . .12 — Collision on Bait. <fe 
Ohio R. R. near Point of Rocks; 6 persons 
killed. ...13 — Corner stone of a Soldier's 
Home laid at Bath, N. Y. . . .MustaphaTewfic 
Pasha appointed commander at Kars. . . .Su- 
leiman Pasha, after a bloody battle, forces the 
Duga P.nss and advances on Nicsics. . . .Lud- 
wig HI, Grand Duke of Uesse-Darrastadt, diet; 
at Darmstadt. . . .14 — Prince Louis of Hesse, 
under the tiilo of Ludwig IV, becomes Grand 
Duke. . . .Russians repulsed before Kars after 
three days figl-.ting. . . .Covered bridge over 
Connecticut river, at Hadley, Mass., blown 
down. . . .Celebration in Boston of the 100th 



anniversary of the adoption of our present 
nationalflag. , . .A dam bursts near Belvidere, 
N. J., killing 6 persons. . . .Gen. C. F. Hen' 

ningson, 62, died at Washington, D. C 

Bancroft Davis resigns as minister to Ger- 
many. . . .15 — Rt. Hon. Sir George MeUish, 
Lord Justice of Appeal, died in London. . . . 
Mary Carpenter, authoress, died in BristoU 

Lady Maxwell (Hon. Mrs. Norton), 70,' 

Loudon. . . .16 — Severe battle between Turks, 
and Montenegrins at Rasnoglovika ; Turks 
defeated with a loss of 2,000 dead and 
wounded. .. .James Russell Lowell accepts 
the mission to Spain. . . .17 — Steamer Lizzie 
burned in the Gulf of Jlexico, 3 lives lost. . . . 
Rev. John S. C. Abbott, author, 71, died in 
New Haven, Conn . . . 19 — Moukhtar Pasha's 
right wing defeated. . . .20 — Three-fourths of 
St. John's, New Brunswick, destroyed by fire; 
30 persons killed. . . .Chas. F. Briggs, author 
and journalist, 67, died in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
. . . .Admiral Rous, 82, died in London. . . . 
C. H. Upton, U. S. Consul at Geneva, Switz,, 
died there. . . .21 — Ten " Moliie Maguires" 
hung — six at Pottsville and four at Mauch 
Chunk. . . .Judge Hilton excludes Jews from 
the Grand Union Hotel, Saratoga. . . .22 — 
President Hayes issues an order prohibiting 
office holders from taking an active part in 
politics. . . .Iowa Republican Convention re- 
fuses to indorse the President's Southern 
policy Commodore John W. Golds- 
borough, U. S. N., 69, died in Philadelphia, 

Pa 23 — The Turks march on Cettinje, 

capital of Montenegro, having effected a 

junction after six days' fighting 25 

— Large fire at Marblehead, Mass., 72 

buildings destroyed President Mc- 

Mahon pardoned 844 Communists. . . .Queen 
Victoria received Gen. Grant at Windsor Cas- 
tle. .. .Robert Dale Owen, author, died at 
Peerless Point, Lake George. . . .26 — Harvard 
defeats Columbia in an eight-oar boat race at 
Springfield, Mass. . . .28 — Monument in honor 
of the defenders of Fort Moultrie in 1776, un- 
veiled in Charleston, S. C,...A revolution 
breaks out at Puerto Plata, San Domingo. . . . 
Giovanni Santini, Italian professor of Astron-* 
omy, died at Padua, Italy. .. .July 1 — The-S 
celebrated trotting mare. Lady Thorne, died. 
. . . General reduction of wages on railroads; 
fear-s of strikers. . . .Battle at Sistova. The 
Turks victorious .... 2 — Fight between Col. 
Whipple's command and Indians on Clear- 
water River, Idaho. . . .Ihe Pan-Presbyterian 
Council began its session in Edinburgh, Scot- 
land. . . .President MacMahon called on tho 
army to sustain him through the crisis. . . 3 
— The British Mediterranean fleet arrived in 
Besika Bay. . . .Inundations in the province 
of Murica, Spain; 22 persons drowned.... 4 
— Capt. J. A. Webster, senior officer in U. S. 
Revenue Service, died in Baltimore, Md. . . . 
5' ^The Turks driven out of Montenegro. . . , 
Louisiana Re'^urning Board members tried on 



154 



CHEONOLOGT. 



charge of f ■ irgory . . . <> — Gen. Grant arrives 
at Brussels. .. .120,000 Russians cross the 
Danube. .. Ru-'sian campaifin in Amieniaa 
failure .... F. W. llacklaiider, iraveier and 
author, dird in Munich....? — U. S. troops 
eruss the Kio Grande in pursuit of Mexican 
marauders. .. .l>estruc'ive storm in I'ensau- 
lee, Wis.; almost tlie wiiole town leveled ; 6 
persons killed .. Russians capture 'J irm.va, 
capital of iiulg^ria. . . .Kliedive of Egypt of 
fersafl 'ettothiiPorte. . . 8— Russians foieed 
to withdraw from Kars, wiili lieavy loss. . . 
9 — Hurrica:ie at Springfield, Mass. . . .hxport 
of horses from Germany prohibited. . . .Rrof. 
Sanborn Tenney, of V\ iliiams College, 50, 
died in Buchanan, 0. . . .10 — Chief Jfoseph's 
Nez Perces kill 31 Chinamen in Idaho. . . .11 
— Six miners killed in a mine explosion at 
"Wheatland, Pa. . . .Fight between U. S. troops 
and Nez Perces at Cottonwood; Capt., Lieut. 
and 11 men killed; 13 Indians killed. . . .Meet- 
ing of Georgia Const (invention. . . 12 — At- 
tack on Orangemen in ^Montreal, 1 killed, 4 
wounded. . . .Russ'ans routed and driven from 
Plevna. . . .Gen. Grant in (Germany. . . .Gen. 
Sir Geo. Bc41, K. C. B., died in London. . . 
13 — Baron W. E. von Kclteler, Bishop of 
Mayence, died there. . . 14 — Boiier explosion 
tit M.icurgy, Pa , 3 men Idlled 1 5 — British 
istiv. Eton wrecked off the coa&t of Chili, and 
tver 100 lives lost. . . IG — Great railroad 
strike on Bait. & Ohio R. R. . . $6S,0(n>,000 
subscribed to date of the U. S. 4 per cent. loan. 
. . . .The Russians capture Nikopoiis on the 
Danube. .. .1*7 — Strike continues on Bait. & 
Ohio K. R. The whole line blocked. . . .Ex- 
Gov. Tilden and Hon. .1. Bigelow, Sec. of 
State of New York, sail for Europe. . . .18 — 
Gov. Matthews of W. Virginia, calls for gov- 
ernment aid to suppress the riot; 250 regu- 
lars sent . .19 — The stTikes become general 
over all the roads managed by the Bait. & 
Ohio and Penn. Central... Suleiman Pasha 
appointed commander of the army of Rou- 
melia. . . .Hon. D. A. Lapham, author and 
scientist, 68, died at Milwaukie, Wis. . . .20 to 
26 — The strikes become general on most of 
jthe trunk roads, though very slight on New 
[York Central. . .21 — Terrible riot and conflag- 
ration at Pittsburgh. Pa., more than $3,000, 000 
of property destroyed. . . .Collision between 
State troops and rioters; many killed and 
wounded . . Pittsburgh rioters surrender on 
23d. . . .Riotous demonstrations against Chin- 
ese in i^an Francisco. . . .On the 26lh riots in 
Chicao:o, Louisville and St. Louis ; many kill- 
ed and wounded ....26 — Another riot in 

Chicago; 21 killed and many wounded 

Bloody riot in Reading, Pa.,.. 2*7 — Affairs 
quieting in all quarters . . N. Y. militia or- 
dered to their homes . . 29 — All trunk roads 
open again, but great dis'rder iu the coal re- 
gions. . Foreign, 20 to 29 — RuKsiaiiS attack 
Osman Pasba, but are repulsed wi h heavy 
loss. . . .Suleiman Pasha is defeated by Rus- 



sians at Kara" urar . .The Russians destroy 
si\ raih'oati bridges on ti-e Danube . . .Mont- 
enegrins bombard Nicsies. . . .On tlie 29th, 
tlie Czarowite.h's forces difeated the Turkd 
near Rustchuk, taking 8,oi.O prisoners, '-'A 
guns and lu standards . . On the 24th hsco- 
bodo, the Mexican ioi-urgent genci al, was ar^ 
res'icd. . . .On the 26th eight men were killed 
liv a bi'iler cxplufsion ne.ir Tunst.ill, Eng, . . . 
SO — Centennial aniiivers.iry of the ad.)pti;>a 
of the New York constitution celebrated at 
Ivings'on. . . .'1 he Russians we re defeated noi;r 
I kvna. . . .Gen. Ghourka won a victory over 
the Turks at Yeni Sagra, Roumelia. . . On 
the 25th George W. Matse 1, ex pnl ce super- 
intendent and commissioner, died in New 
York . . On the 28th Prof. Isaac W. Jackson, M. 
1)., of Union College, 72, <lied at Scliene ;ta<iy, 

N. Y On the 29lh George Ward Hunt, 1st 

Lot d of the Admiralty of Great Britain, died 
ia Hamburg. . .On the 30th Comraodoie J. W. 
Swift, U. S. N., diedatGeneva,N.Y., and same 
day Samuel Warren, an eminent English au- 
thor, died in London. .31-W.H. Vanderbiltor- 
dered $ 1 00,000 to be distributed ratably among 
the employees of the N. Y. Central who had 
not joined in the strike. . . .August 1 — Gov. 
Robmson pardons young Walworth, the par- 
ricide. . . .Riot at Scr.anton, Pa. . . .Schooner 
Florence, of H'owgate's expedition, s:iiled for 
the North Pole... 2 — Tlie town of Conejo, 
Panama, I urned. . . .3 — Wm. B. Ogde;), first 
mayor of Chicago, 'Zl, died at Fordham 
Heights, N". Y. . . .Box factory in Cincinnati 
burned; several girls burnt to death... 
Great fire at East Saginaw, Micti. ; $200,00r 
destroyed 4 — Poorhouse at Simcoe burned 
17 inmates perished. . . .Field Marshal V(» 
Steinmetz, 71, died at Landeck, Silesia. . .5^ 
Eaton, Wis., burned; several lives lost... 
Russians defeated south of the lialkaua... 
6 — Centennial celebration of battle of Oris- 
kany . ..7 — General order prohibiting the saU 
of arms and ammunition to Indians. . . .Re. 
pulse of Russians at Lovatz....8 — Riots at 
Belfast, Ireland.. .General Grant in Switzer- 
land.... 9 — General Gibbon fights the Nez 
Perces in Montana, a drawn battle ... A 
train fell through a drawbridge at Oceanport, 
N. J. ; 60 persons injured Dr. A. B. Crosby, 
professor in Belle vue Med. College, 45, died 
in Hanover, N. H....10 — Political troubles 
increasing in France ; many Republican )>a- 
pers there susjiended. . . .13 — Mexican out- 
rages on the Rio Grande ; Mexicans cross the 
river, murder Judge Cox and another man, 
release Mexican murderers from jail and es- 
cape across the river. . . .Chauncey Rose, an 
eminent philanthropist, died in Terro Haute, 
Ind....l5 — The struggle between the Rus- 
sians and Suleiman Pasha for Shipka Pass 
commenced. . . .Wm. Longman, London pub- 
lisher, 78, died in London. . . .16 — Rev. Asa 
I). Smith, D.D., LL.D., president of Dart- 
mouth College, died at Hanover, N. U . . . . 



CHEONOLOGT. 



155 



Prof. Asapli Ila"! discovers two patellit-s of 
Mars. . . .Ceiiteunial celebration of the battle 
of benuington atte.cU-d by more than 60,000 
pi'Oile. . . .16 — Gayville, Dakota, almost en- 
tirely d stroyed by fire, 200 bu'ldin^s c n- 

siiraed, loss ^'.lO.O )0 19 — Moukhtar Taslia 

repulses a Ru sian attack. . . .20 — (.'onsolida- 
tiun of Wt stern Union and Atlantic a-d 
I'acifit' Telegraph Companies . . .Great strike 
in J'ennsylvania coal regio 'S, f)0,OiiO men 
out.... 21 — Meeting of National Board of 
Trade at Milwaukee, Wis. . . .22 Insurrec- 
tion in Crete. .. .Another revolt in Bosnia. 
... .24 and 25 — Sharp and continuous light- 
ing in Shipka Pass. . . .The Russians gain and 
hold some important positions. . . .TIjc Turks 
capture Kiziltope, but are defeated at Kuruk 

Dara 2(5— Dr. H. Draper and Prof. C. H. 

Holden discover a third satellite of Mars. . . . 
Hon. E. P. Noyes, Minister to France, reaches 
Paris. . . .27 — The Knights Templars of the^ 
U. S. hold their 20th tiiennial conclave at 
Cleveland, Ohio , . . Strike ended in the Le- 
higli Valley coal regions. . . .Senor Costello 
and his son. leading Cuban insurgents, sur- 
render to the Spanish authorities. .. .28 — 
Conference of State Governors at Philadel- 
phia. . . .Ben Do Bar, actor, 61, died at St. 
Louis, Mo.... 29 — Uailroad accident near 
V*es Moines, 20 persons killed ... .Brigham 
young, the Mormon prophet and chief, 76, 
ciied !\t Salt LakeCity, Utidi. .30 — Monument 
to John Brown, of Ossawatomie, Kansas, 

dedicated in presence of 10,000 people 

R.Tphael Serames, ex-commander of the Con- 
federate cruiser Alabama, 68, died fit Point 
Clear, Ala. .The village i;f Karahassenlar cap- 
tuiH'd by the Turks afi er a severe battle, Turk- 
isli loss 3,0' '0 killed and wounded, Russian loss 
4,0 . .Russians defeated on the Lorn, Popkoi 
ab ndoned, and the Russian position complete- 
ly turned. .81 — Fire at Paris, Texas, 10 busi- 
,.„-.-, blocks destroyed, loss $250,000. .Osmau 
Pa->ha gains a signal victory at Plevna. . . . 
September 1 — Tornado at Maysville, Ky. . . . 
Meeting of Am, Association for Advancement 
of Science at Nashville, Tenn. . . . Alvan 
Adams, founder of Adams Express Co., 7'^, 
died at Watertown, Mass. . .E. L. Davenport, 
acior, 61, died at Canton, Pa. . . ,2 — Insurrec- 
tion in China among interior tribes. .. .3 — 
Louis Adolpho Thiers, ex-president of France, 
80, died in Paris, France. . . .Flale's piano 
faetorj', N. Y., burned and several p r.^ons 
killed. . . .A house in Cincinnati undermined 
and fals, killing 4 women.... 4 — '"Crazy 
Horse" arrested at Spotted Tail Agency or 
attempting to induce the Indians to go to 
w'.r ... .Russians capture Lovatz after 12 
h lurs fighting. . . 5— " Crazy Horse " is killed 
while trying to escape from the guard house 
at Camp Robinson. .. .7 — President ILnyea 
and party It^ave Washington for a visit to 
Cho and other States. .8 — Rev. Edwin Ilnl', 
D.D., professor of Theology at Auburn, died 



there. .The Catholic Bishop, Amocleus, died 
at St. Albans, Vt.,..9 — Nicsics surrenders 
to t'C Montenegrins. .The deaths from famine 
in Madras, India, reported to be about one 

million 11 — Yellow fever appears at Fer- 

nandina, Fla. . . .12 — The Brit th s-hips Av.i- 
bmclie and Foster collide off Portland, Eng, 
l!)4 persons drowned . . . .(ia;;ibetla sen- 
tenced to fine and impri-<(mmcnt for a politi* 
c 1 spe'ch, but the ca^e wns appealed and thy 
sentence never carried out. . . .Tlie Russians 
again repulsed at Plevna with terrible 
loss. . . .Herculano de Carvalho, Portuguese 
historian, 67, died at Lisbon.... 14 — Rev. 
Benjamin Schneid r, an enanent missionary 
to '1 urkey, died in Boston, Mass. . . .14 — The 
Amei-iean rifle team win the international 
match at Creedmoor. . . Four persons mur- 
dered by Chinamen near Rockton, Placer 
county, California. .. .Constantino Canaris, 
Brime minister of the Kingdom of Greece, 

b8, died at Athens, Greece 17 — The 

Presidential party cordially received at 
Louisville, Ky. . . .Chinese Quarters at Grass 
Valley, Cal , burned. .. .Soldiers' and Sail- 
ors' monument at Boston dedicated. . . .Queen 
Pomare, of the Society Islands, died there. 
....18 — Eastern bound express train on 
Union Pacific R. R. robbed by thirteen men 

at Big Springs, Neb.; §78,000 taken H, 

M. Stanley, the African traveller, reaches 
St. Paul de Loanda (west coast of Africa), 
having crossed the continent and traced the 
( 'ongo or Livingstone river from its source to 
the sea. . . .19 — Centennial celebi'ation of the 

brittle of Bemis Heights 20— Louis V. 

Bogy, IT. S. S 'nator from Mi^Fouti, 64, died 
at St. Loni-J, Mo. . . .21— Collision o'.i K. Y. 
Central R. R. near Rome, N. Y., three killed 
and several wourded. . . .Str. Olga sails from 
Alexandria, Kg^pt, towing the caisson con- 
taining the obelisk. . . .Great ba'tle of Biela, 
in whicli the Ru.-sia s are defe.itcil, losing 

4,001) killed, 8,000 wounded 22— W. H. 

Fox Talbot, the fatlier of photography, 77, 
did in London, Eng ...23 — The famine in 
Imliii subsidincr, heavy rains having fallen in, 
many of the districts. . . .Urb.ine J.J. Lever- 
r ei-, astronomer, 66, died in Paris. . . .24 — • 
Patent Office at Washington parti.illy burned. 
. . . .President Haves in Va . . .Japanese iu- 
s-.r3:eitt leaders siain ana rebellion ended. . . 
.V hurricane iu Cura^oa, W. L, destroying 
two million of property and many lives. . . . 
Yellow fever raging at Vera Cruz; 140 
deaths in Augi:st. . . .25 — The Montenegrins 
capture Goransko, Pina and Foit Grivica, 
and Vum Belek and surrounding villages. . . 
26 — Lieut. Bullis crosses the Lio Grande ia 
])ursuit of Mexican raiders. .. .Commodore 
J. M. Frailey, U. S. N., 69, died in Philadel- 
})h a, Pa.... 28 — Conference at Washington 
of S;oux Indians with the President. . . .29 — 
Osman Pasha again defeats the l^ussi-ans at 
Plevna. . . .Henry Meiggs, the great South 



156 



CHKONOLOGT. 



American railroad contractor, 66, died in 

Peru 80 — Village of Putnam, Conn., 

nearly destroyed by fire. ..Wm. ('. Gilmaii, a 
well known business nuin in N. Y., detecti d in 
forgery and swindling to the extent of $-30, ■ 
000... .Lusuceessful attempt at revolution i:i 
Hayti. . . .Russians dcleat 4,000 Pa^hestan 
insurgents .... .Oct. 1 — Sioux delegates ar, 
Washington consent to removal to the new 
reservation recommended by the President. 
....Heavy but indeci ive b:.tile in As:;i 
Minor between Russians and the Turks under 
Moukhtar Pasha, . . .2 — The Sultan confers 
the title of Ghazi (conqueror) upon Osman 
Pasha and Moukhtar Pas'^a .. .Womm suf- 
frage proposiiion defeated in Colorado.... 
Lewis Lillie, inventor and manuf tcturer of 

safes, died at Elizabeth, N. J 3 — Car 

shops of N. Y. Dry Dock R. R. Co. burned, 
loss $500,000. . . Boiler exjilosion at iSiieil- 
dertown, Ohio, tli'd; men killed and several 
others fatally injured. .. .Spanish troops de- 
feat 2,000 insurgents on the Looloo Is ands. 
....Railroad accident between Woren-eli 
and Korstoff on the Don ; 400 Abchasian 
prisoners killed . . J. R. Bayley, D.D., Ri>- 
rnan C itholic Archbishop vi Baltimore, 63, 
died in Kewark, N. J. . . .Mme. Tere-a lit- 
jiens, prima donna, 43, died in London. . . . 
4 — Centennial of battle of Germantown, Pa. 
.... Severe cyclone, doing great damage, 
along the S. and l*]. Atlantic const . . .Excui-- 
sion train v»recked near PhoBuixvilJe, Pa.; 12 
killed and a number injured . . 5 — Col. Miles 
captures Cliiei:' Joseph and the Nez Perces 
after a three davs' battle. . . .6 — Great num- 
ber of Cuban insurgents surrender. . . .Wm. 
Gale walks 15 uiilcs in 1000 consecutive 
hours, begim.ing Aug. 26. . . .'J — -enator L. 
O. Bordeau died in Paris, France.... 8 — 
First suit under ths timber depredation l.iv s, 
in Mhmcsota, is decided lor the government. 
....Severe e.trthqu!<ke at Geneva, Sv.'itzer- 
land. . . .11 — Exjilosion in a colliery at Pem- 
berton, Eng.. 40 killed. . . .S|)anish govern- 
ment pays ^■>r)7''>,000 indemnity to Minister 
Lowell f )r losses by American citizens in 
.Cuba. . . .12 — Wm. C. Oilman (referred to in 
ii jpt ) surrenders himself and is sent to Stata 
pris(>n for five years.... 14 — The " Cleopa- 
tra's needle" encounters a heavy storm en 
route to Englatid. and is abandfjned off Cape 
Finisterre; is subsequently picked up ar:d 
taken to Fcrrol, S^ aiu. . . Republicans gain 
an overwhelming!: victory in the French elec- 
tio s. . . .15 — Prof. Pctess, of Clinton, N. Y., 
discovers a new pi. met of the eleventli mag- 
nitude. . . .Extra session of Congress opened 
at Tv'ashin:;! n ; Samuel J. Randall chosen 
speaker of the House. .. .Antonio Scialoja, 
eminent Italian lawyer and publicist, dies at 
Rome. . . .10 — 4,')00 N. Y. ci;;"ar makers on a 
strike.. .Ti ccdaio Barriere, drama; ic autiior 
died in Pa is . . .(ico. Kadley, M.D., Prof, of 
Chemistry, 04, died in Buffalo . . 1 7-Centennial 



celebration of surrender of Bnrgoyne at 
Schuylerville, N. Y. . . 19— Hcavv fighting at 

Kars 20— Fire in Portland, "N. B. ; "250 

hu Mings burned ; 2,500 persons homeles-^. . . . 
22 — Collierv exjilosion at High Llant\ i-o, Scot- 
laiid ; 200 lives lost . . 23 — Commission inter- 
\ iewed Sitting Bud at Foi t W,dsh,Can:aLi, but 
were unsucce.- sful . . . 24 — George L. Fox, pan- 
toniimist, 52, died at Cambridge, Mass . .Prof. 
.F;is. Orton, of Va^sar College, scientist, 47, 
di din Bolivia, S. An)erica. . .25 — The Turks 
repulse the Pussians at Phrygos .... 20 — Is- 
mail Pasha effects a junction with Mmikhtar 
Pasha. ...Ku Klux outra;:es in Clark Co., 
Ohio.... 91 deaths from Yellow Fever in 
Fcrnandina to date.... 28 — Edwin Adiims, 
acior, 42, died in Philadelphia, Pa. .Julia KaT< 
an; gh, novelist, 63, d ed in Nice, Italy.... 
Joseph Durham, sculptor, died in Lom'.on.... 
29 — ]S. B. Forrest, ex-Confederate general, 56^ 
(.ied in Memphis, Tenn. .. .Meeting of Na- 
tonal Liberal League at Rochester. . . .E. W. 
Stougliton nominated as Minister to Russia, 
. . . 30 — John Walsh nominated as I.linister 
to England .Goldsmith M;ud, famous trot- 
ting mare, 21 years old, withilrawn from the 
turf. . . .Nov. 1 —Collision between freight 
and express trains on Philadelphia and Erie 
1!. R. ; 6 men were killed. ..Wm. Gale, pedes- 
trian, London, completed 4,000 quarter miles 
in 4,000 consecutive periods of in minntea 
each, beginning October 20. . . .President Mc- 
Mahim gives a dinner to Gen. Grant at Ely- 
see, Paris. . . .Oliver P. Morion, U. S. Sen;itor 
from Indiana, and former Governor, 54. di d 
at Indianapolis. .. .Field Marshal Frederick 
Von Wrangel, 93, died in Berlin, Prussia.. . . 
2— Chief Justice W. K. Draper, C. B., 77, 
died in Toronto, Canada .. .4 — E rthquika 
shocks throughout northern New York, New 
England, and the Eastern British Provinces, 
at 2 A. M. . . .5 — Bland Silver Bi.l passeil tho 
Hou^e. . . .6 — Elections held in 12 States . . . 
Gustav Brion, French painter, died in P;iris. 
....Heavy battle near Erzeruin; Russians 
repulsed. .. .7 — Amelia, dowager Queen of 
Saxony, died in Dresden.... 9 — Insurgents 
in San Domingo increasing in numbers; 
alarm at the Capitol. .. .10 — Schooner 5Ia- 
gellan wrecked oa Lake Michigan; 8 lives 
lost. . . .Forty of ex Sultan Murad's servants 
strangled, for aiding in a conspiracy to rein- 
state him. .. .Martin Paine, M. D., LL. D., 
pro.'ess >r, tfec, 83, died iu New York City. . . . 

11— Kiot in El Paso Cour.ty, Texas 12— 

Suit commenced by Cornelius J. Vanderbilt 
and his sister, Mrs. La Hau, to break their 
f thei's will . . .Prof. Watson, of Michigan 
University, discovers a planet of the 11th 
magnitude .... Great storm on the British 

coast; loss $1.200,000 F. Blodgett, Ex. 

Governor of Georgia, died at Atlanta. Ga. . . . 
Passage of the Army appropriation bill by 
the House. . . .13 — Henry Peters Gray, f.rt;.-t, 
58, d.ed in New York City. . . .14 — Burning 



CHEONOLOGT. 



157 



crField, Leiter A Co.'s dry pjoods house Cin- 
ea'To- loss. $250,000. .. .BiH^'i-d match for 
the world's championship, S.xton beats (.'\- 
rille Dion . . .Tr.ms-Facilic Cable Company 
.r-anized to lay a Cable from Califori.ia to 
Japan..;a Honolulu; capital stock,$10,OnO,000. 
15— Explosion of fire-damp, m Jermyn U>1- 
Uery. near Scranton, Pa.; a number killed 
aud injured . ■. . .Earthquake shocks m Iowa, 
Nebraska, and in the N. W. generally, and b 
to Tennessee .... Army appropriation bill 
amended and passed by Senate . 16— Pierre 
Lanfrev, Republican Senator of France, died 
at Veraill''3 18 — Russians capture Kart 
b7 a brilliant night assault . . -19— Fort Ed- 
ward Institute burned. . ..20— Julms kirchca, 

of Isew York, cremates his dead infant 

2l_The Roumanians, after a three days' bat- 
tle, capture Rahova .. J"hn V. L. Pruyn 
LL I) Chancellor of Board of Regents of 
University of State of New York, died at Al- 
bany N Y 23— Steamship Alabama lost 

on coast of South America; W drowned ^ 
Diaz orders Trevino,with 2,500 troops, to the 
Rio Grande, to repel invasion by U. S. troops. 
Canadian Fisheries Commissioners, one 
dissentiu"-. decides that the II. S. shall pay 
Great Britain §5,500,000 for fishing in Cana- 
dian waters. . . .24— The revolutiou m Ecua- 
dor collapses. . .U. S. Steamer Huron wreck, d 
at Kitty Hawk, N. C; 100 lives lost. . .,2G— 

All nv'ht session of U. S. Senate 2,— 

Steaflier C. H. Northam burned in N. Y. Har- 
bor three lives lost , . . .27— Twenty colored 
peaiJe drowned and thirty horses swept aw.iy 
by a fl 'od at Buekhannon, Ya. . . .29— Work- 
ino-n.en's demonstration against the Chinese 
in'' San Francisco; Kearney comes to the 

front The insurrection in San Domingo 

sprcadVover the entire country 30— The 

Senate p:.s3 the Paris Exposition bill . . . 
T.irty mile Oil Pipe between Great Belt and 

Pittsbur'rh, Pa., completed Commodore 

C. N. B.°Caldwell, U S. N., died at Waliham, 
Mass . . .Dec. 2— Messrs. Moody and Sankey 
commence their labors in Providence, R. I. 
The leading merchants and manufactur- 
ers" of Paris appeal to President McMahon to 
yield to the majority, in the interests cf trade 

and of the International Exposition 2 — 

Steamboat Lotos burned on the Mississippi, 
near Waterloo, La. ; 11 livei lost .. Extra 
sv.ssioQ iu Congress closed and regular session 
opened .. .Attorney -General Connor of S. 

C resigned 4— Turks capture Elena. . . 

Robert Tyler, son of the late Ex-President, 

died in Baltimore Consul General Sturz, a 

German philanthropist, died in Berlin, Prus- 
sia 3 — Austria protests ap;ainst Seivia's 

p 'rVicipation in the Uusso-Turkish war . . .C 
-_Fi-o in Millerstown, N. Y., loss $200,000. 

Freneli ministry tender their res'gaa- 

ti'oVs, and Mc'jJa'-on'acccpts tliem M.Du- 

f.ure rrantr d perfect liberty in farming a new . 
Cablnc< by tho President Reports of ter- 1 



rible famin'^. in Bulgaria 7— John A. Col- 

lirs alias Thorpe, hung in Auburn for th« 
murder of a fellow convict ...Erie canal 

closed Wreck of the Steamer European 

i 1 the English channel, no lives lost . . Rev. 
Dr. A. T. Bledsoe, editor and author, 69, 

died In Alexandria. Va Active Temper- 

anco crusade iu Baltimore, over 12,000 sign 

the pledge 9— $800,000 fire in Louisville, 

Ky . .Plevna surrendered unconditionally 
to the' Russians by Osman Pasha, 3 ',000 pris- 
oners and 11 guns surrendered. . . . 10 — Gen. 
John M. Harian, takes the oalh of office as 
Associate Justice of the United States Su- 

preme Court 12— The Grand Turkish 

Council at Constantinopl-; resolve t.) carry on 

the war to the last extremity Tie Czar 

visits Osman Pasha, and returns his sword. 
... J. Cogswell Perkins, author. 68, died at 

Saiem', Mass 13— A new French Ministry 

announced ^ev. Samuel Sprir.g, L>. D., 

Congregationalist author, C.i, died in ILirt- 

ford'Ccmn 14— Town of Osceola, Mo., 

taken possession of by a masked raoh. . . . 
Sjiyia declares war against Turkey; the 
Turks burn and evacuate Elena An insur- 
rection in the province of Amyre, Crete . . . 
15— The Poile asks the European powers to 
meuinte . The Servia'is cross the Turkish 
frontier at Pirot, and march on Kossovo, a: d 
on the 16th fortify the ho'gh'.s of Topolnitza 
and Secanika, commanding the defense at 

Nitzsch 16 — President Hayes nominates 

ex-GoT. R. C. McCorinick, of Arizona, Com- 
missioner-Gener.d to the Paris Exposition ._ . 17 
— Ardar.itzsch.c.irricd by assault by Russians 

AH the powsrs except England, re use to 

interfere between Russi.i and 'i urkey . .D'Au- 
relle de Paladines, corps commander in IS^O- 
71 , and life Senator of France, died in Paris . . 
18— Texas State troops surrender to the mob 

at San Elizario Orders given ia Russia 

for the immediate mobilization of 6t>,000 

more troops 19— Jas. Ballantinc, author, 

G9, died in Edinburgli, Scotland Reports 

of fandne in Norihern China. . . .Six persona 

suffocated with coal gas at Randolph, Mass. 

.Two children burned t ) deat!> at Newport, 

K Y 20— Explosion in Greenfield & Son's 

confectionary factory in New York, 15 lives 
lost Cabinet crisis in Germany ...Rus- 
sian loss by the war to date, oflieially stated 
at 80,412 men. . . Mercy B. Jackson, M_. D., 
Prof.' of disc 'ses of children, Boston Univer- 

sity, 75, died iti Boston 31— The famous 

racing iiuiro FU)ra Temple, died near Phila- 
delphia, aged 32 yea-s Prince Charles of 

Uoiunania. receives tlie Iron Cross f.oni the 
Emp' ror V/ illiam . . .22— Americaa Musf^um 
of Ka-ur.d Ili.-tory, a^. \ew York, formally 
opened by Pr'siie.it Hayes... Exci.si Com 
r.iissioncr Murphy cf New York, absconds 
with $50,000 of the public funds. . , .23 — The 
Porto ineffectupdlv attempts to depose Prince 
Milan of Servia'... Henry M. Stanley ar- 



CHRONOLOGY. 



rives at Aden, Arabia, on his way home. . . . 
Terrible snow stoi-ra in Roumania; hundreds 
of Russian soldiers and Turkish prisoners 
perish. . . .24 — Robert P. Parrott, (Parrott's 
rifled cannon,) i.'jventor, died at Cold iSpring^, 
N. Y....Mrs. Hatfield and three children 
drowned through the ice near Yarmouth, Ni , a 
Scotia. . . .The insurgents at Crete convoke 
the National Assembly to establish aPn vinc- 
ial government. . . . I he Servians are repul-!«'d 
at Yatic, but capture Ak-Palanka a'ter eight 
hours fighting .... 26 — Thirty thousand Ser- 
vians with I'iO guns inveet Nitzsch. . . .Mon- 
tenegrins defeat A Turkish force near Du'.cig- 
no. . . .George A. Bailey, publisher of tlie 
Congressional Globe, died at Deering, Me. . . 
27 — The Servians arc repulsed atNovi Bazar 
and Pirot by the Turks. . . .28 — Explosion in 
the Stanton shaft near Wilkesbarre. . . .80 — 
The British Channel fleet and all commission- 
e 1 6l.ip.-5 under repair, ofdered to be ready 
for sea by January 15. . . .G. Dodge, M. D. . 
for several years superintendent Kew York 
State Inebriate Asylum, died at Binghaniton, 
N. Y. ...31 — Gustave Courbet, artist and 

communist, die J in Paris President 

Hayes' silver wedding celebrated in Wash- 
iagton, 

1878. 
January 1 — John S. Randall, noted ento- 
mologist and numismatist, 60, died at Utica, 
N. Y. . . .2 — Albania invaded by the Monte- 
negrins. . . .Turks defeated at Bogrov. . . . 
St von men killed by a nitro-glycerine explos- 
ion at ISe2,annee, Mich. . . .Euiile Lambinet, 
French artist, 70, died in Paris. .. .3 — Rus- 
sians capture Sophia, in Central Turkey. . . . 
Communicaiion between Servians and the 
Russian army of the Yid. . . .Retreat of Sulei- 
man Pasha on Stalitza. . . .4 — Marquis Wilo- 
jolski, Polish statesman, died in London .... 
5— Report of the massacre of 15,000 people 
5n Kashgar by the Chinese. . . .Stanley wel- 
ronied at the court of the Khedive. . . .U. S. 
eteamer Kearsage driven ashore in Ports- 
mouth harbor. . . .John Orton Cole, 84, died 
\n Albany. . , .Gen. Alfonso de la Marmora, 
ital an soldier and statesman, 73, died in 
Florence, Italy.... 8 — Occupation of Sta- 
litza and Petrichero by the Russians .... Re- 
treat of Chnkir Pasha. . . .Don Francisco do 
la CTuerra, Mexican statesman, died in Mexi- 
co.. ..Count de Palikao, French Statpsuian 
and Senator, 81, diedin Paris. . . .9 — Russiaio 
Older General Radet.-ky capture entire Turk- 
isli army at Shipka Pass. . . .Resolutions in- 
troduced in the Massachusetts Legislature 
favoring a gold standard and condemning 

the Bland Silver Bill Victor Emanuel II, 

King of Italy, 57, died in Rome. . . .11 — Fer- 
nando Wood's investigation resolution passes 
the House. . . .Nissa captured by the Servians 
after a five days' battle. . . .Eski-Saghra and 
Yeni-Saghra occupied by the Russians. . . . 
Demetrius Bulgaria, Greek Statesman, died 



in Athens.... 12 — Great fire in London 

loss over $1,000,000 13— Central Super 

intendency of Indian aff'airs discontinued by 

order of Secretary Schurz 14 — Thirteen 

lives lost by the wreck of the schooner Little 

Kate, off Duxbur}-, Mass 15 — Sixleen 

pers' ns killed and a large number injured by 
a raih'oad accident near Tar.ff'ville, Conn. . . . 
$-.300,000 voted for the new State Capitol at 
Albany. .. .General McClellan inaugurated 
Governor of New Jersey. . . .16 — Lead City, 

Dakota, captured by border ruffiaiis 

Samuel Bowles, journalist f!-'pringfield Re- 
publican), 51, died at Springfield, ISliss. . . .17 
— Four negroes killed by a mob at Lexing- 
ton, Ky. . . .Treaty of commerce and friend- 
sliip between the United states and Samoa 
signed .... 18 — Commodore George W. Hoi. 
lins, U. S. N., 79, died at Baltimore. . . 19— 
The Ohio Senate passes a joint resolution 
favoring remone ization of the silver dollar 
and passage of the Bland bill. . . .''lurks evacu- 
ate AdrianojDle. . .Ear.quet to Stanley at 
Paris. . . .Insurrection at Thes.«aly and Mace- 
donia..,. 21 — Cleopf.tr.i's needle arrives in 
England. .. .Strvian troops ocupy ^r.stina 
and Kar Shumli. . . Widdin completely in- 
vested and bombardment commenced. .. .E. \ 
K. Collins, founder of Collins' line of Steam- 
ships, 76, died in Ne>v York city. . . .22 — 
Russians occupy Adriam.plc. . . .23 — Mar- 
riage of Alfonso, Kiig of Spain, to the 
Princess Mercedes. . . .The Austrian Cabinet 
resigns. . . .Gen. Aug. Willich, 68, died at 
St. Mary, Ohio. . . 24— Earls of Derby and 
Carnarvon, of the British Ministry, resign . . . 
25 — The U. S. Sena'e passes Matthews Silver 
resolution. .. .26 — Terrible famine reported 
in China; 9,000,000 people starving Wil- 
liam Gale completes a walk of a quarter of a 
mile every ten minutes for thii-.een consecu- 
tive days. . . .Dr. John Doran, a noted Eng- 
lish author, 70, di'^d in London .. 27 — Three 
islands in Lake Scutari captured by Monte- 
negrins. . . .George ]'. Gordon, inventor of 
the Gordon printing press, 67, died in Nor- 
folk, Va 28 — Defeat of tlie Turkish army 

at Raschasink by the Servians. . . .Revolt in 

Athens 29 — Turks defeated byThessalina 

insurgents on Mount Poli.n . . .^ir Edward 
S. Creasy, English historian, 65, died in Lon. 

flon SO — Joseph Ilihlebrand, German 

philosopher, 72, died in Germany. .. .31 — . 
Steamer Metropolis, Philadelphia to Brazil, 
driven ashore on Currituck Beach, N. C, and 
wrecked, nearly 100 lives lost. . . .Armistice 
signed between Russia and Turkey. .. .Feb- 
ruary 1 — Storm on tiie Atlantic coast, many 
vessels wrecked. . . .Panic in Constantinople. 
. . . Russians occupy Kazan. . . .Stranding of 
British steamer A^tarte at Castillos, and 30 
lives lost. . . .Geiirge Cruikshank, F^nglish 
artist and designer, 85, died in London. . . 2 
— Postal convention signed between the 
United States and Australia. . . .3— 8uO Red 



CHKONOLOGT. 



159 



^'Sond Indians ^o upon tte war-path. . . .Oov. 
Wells, of Louisiaua, surrenders. . . .Cliaiies 
Thomas, brevet Maj.-Gen. U. S. A., 80, dies 
at Washing;ton, D. C . .VErzeioura 8urr<'i.- 
ders to the Russians. . . .An asyhini in Tieti- 
Tsia. Ciiiiia, burned with U,OviO persons. . . .5 
—Prefect of St. Petersburg siiot by Veri 
Sassulitch. . . .6 — Russians t.ke possession of 
the fortifications at Coiistaatiiiople 7 — 
Giovanni M. M.-Ferretti, Pope Pius IX, 85, 
dies at Rome. . . .Conchision of Louisiana 
trial; Anderson cunvicted. . . .8 — Tornado at 
Augu.sta Ga....9 — lipirus insui-g-ents pro- 
claim a union with Gre2ce . . .Immense tidal 
wave on the toast of Peru. . . .Evacuation of 
Widdin, Rustchuk, Silistria, and Belgradshvik 
by the Turks .... 11 — bhip liritisli America 
and brig Carrie AVinslow collide off Handy 
Hook; several lives lost. .. .Gideon Wells, 
ex-Sec. of Xavy, 75, died in Hartford, Conn. 
. . . Charles M. Conrad, ex-LT. S. Senator and 
ex-Sec. of War, 73, died in Kew Orleuns, Lo. 
....W;n. Welsh, philmthropist, 76, died in 
Philadelphia ...12 — Reception by Congress 
of Carpenter's picture of Abraham Lincoln. 
... .13 —The British fleet entered the Darda- 
nelles. .. .Rev. Dr. Alexander Duff, mission- 
ary, 71, died at Lidmouth, Englaui,... 
Mother Teresa (Miss Mary Hannah Sewell), 
fo nder of a religious order, 87, died in Bal- 
timore. . . .14 — Turkish Parliament dissolve). 
. . . .15 — Opening of the Spanish Cortes. . . . 
Baj'ard Taylor nominated Minister to Ger- 
many.... 16 — Passage of che Bland silver 
bill. .. .Withdrawal of the British fleet to 
Madanea Bay. . . .Rev. Wm. Goodell, pioneer 
abolitionist, 85, died at Janesville, ^v is. . . . 
17 — Fourteen persons drovv'ned by the sink- 
ing of the steuner C. R. Palmer. .. .Disas- 
trous fire in New York, two churches and 

six stores burned; I.jss §1,000,000 18 — 

Russia persuaded not t) occupy Constantino- 
ple . . .20 — End of the ten years' Cuban re- 
bellion .. .Cardinal Pecci elected Pcipe, and 
taken the name of Leo XlTl. . . .21 — Concur- 
rence of the House in the Senate amei dments 
to the silver bill, and the measure sent to the 
Presi.lent. . . .22 — National Greenback party 
organized at Toledo, Ohio. . . .ProC. Albert 
Smith, M.D., LL.D., 78, died at Peterbor..', 
N. H . . . . 23 — Passage of an act by the Utah 
legislature disft'anchising Gentiles ...24 — 
Collision .of a ferryb at and a schooner in 
the Hudson river ; several killed ...25 — R. 
\V. Tayl ir, first Comptroller of L". S. Treas- 
ury, died in Washington . . Hon. Townsend 
Harris, ex-U. 8. Consul to Japan, died in N. 
Y. City. . .General Duplcs-^is, French soldier, 
died in Paris. . . .26 — Distrucliva floods in 
Califomit, causing the lo-s of many lives. . . 
leather Angelo Sacchi, Italian astmn mier, 
60, died in Pisa, Italy . . . 27 — The Bland sil- 
ver b 11 vetoed by the I'reident ...The 

Archbishop of Rennes dies there .28 — 

Passage of the Bland silver bill over the 



President's veto. . . .Reorganization of the 
New York State Military Association.,.. 
March 1 — Excitement in England, and prep- 
arations ado t\)r a conflict wiili Russia. . . . 
2 — Duel between M. de Cassngnac and M. 
Thi;mpson ; the latter wounded in the thi-oat, 
. . . .henj. F. Wade, ex-Vice-l'resident of U. 
S. and ex-U. S. Senator, 77, died at Jeffer- 
son, O 3 — Signing of the treaty of Saij 
Stefano between Ruscia and Turkey. . . .Cor--, 
onation of Pope Leo XIll ...Great demon- 
s'ration at Pottstown, Pa., in opposition to 

the Tariff bill 4 — Tornado in Casey 

county, Ky., and several persons killed. . . , 
i\Ir. Porter, of Indianapolis, nominated for 
first Comptroller of the Treasury .... Con- 
firmation of Bayard Taylor as Minister to 
Germany. . . .6 — Hot Springs, Ark., nearly 
destroyed by fire. . . .6 — Judge Asa Briggs, 
ex-M C. and ex-U. S. Senator from N. C, 
6^!, died in N. Y. City.... 7 — Opening oif 
It .liau parliament. . . .Count Paolo F. Schlo- 
pis, one of the "Alabama" arbitrators, an 
Italian statesman, 79, died in Italy. . . .The 
Archduke Francis, uncle of Emperor of Aus- 
tria, died in Vienna. . . .8 — Colliery explosion 
near Glasgow; great loss of life. . .9 — Print- 
ing of one and two dollar greenbacks re 
snmcd by the Treasury department. . . .Ter- 
rific wind and snow stcrm in the west ; snow 
15 feet deep in the streets of Cheyenne, 
Wyo . . .10 — Outbreak of cholera in Arabia. 
, . . .Hurningof the transport steamer Sphin:j 
near Cape Elia, 7,000 Circassians perish. . . . 
Overthrow of President Baez of San Do- 
mingo. . . .11 — Disgraceful hazing aff..ir at 
Dartmouth College. .. .12 — Colliery explo- 
sion near Bolton, Eng.; 40 lives lost. . . .13 — 
Jefferson county. W. Va., swept by a terrific 
storm. . . . A. Viollet le Due, architect, land- 
scape painter and author, died in Paris. , . . 
14 — Commodore Robert F. Pinkney, U. S. N., 
66, died at Baltimore, Md....l5 — Commo- 
dore John H. Graham, U.S.N., 84, died at 
Newbury, N. H, . . .En-^land commences a 
war with the Caffres in South Africa. . . . 17 — 
Treaty of peace ratified at St. Petersburg. . . 
Robbery of the Le'-hmere bank, Boston. , . j 
1 8 — Great strike of weavers in England .... 
19 — O'Donovan Rossa riot in Toronto, Can. 
.... Anderson released by order of Supremo 

Court of La 20 -End of the HaytL re- 

IxiUion. . . .Prince BismarcVs ultimatum to 
Niciragua. . .Paul Boynton swims the Strait 
of Gibraltar. . . .22 — Five persons killed by 
a boiler explosion in Richmond, Ya. . . .23 — • 
Steamer Bla enta bursts a steam pipe near 
Sing Sing, N. Y.; six persons killed. . . . 
O'Lenry wins the international walking match 
in London. . . .4,000 houses destroyed by fire 
in Tokio, Japan. . . .John Allison, Register of 
the Treasui-y and ex-M. C, died in Washing- 
ton, D. C 24— Sinking of the British 

naval training ship Eurydice off the Isle of 
Wight ; 300 lives lo.:t. . .25 — A million-dollar 



1(50 



CHKONOLOGT. 



firo in Philadolphia. . . 26 — Fire in Kew 
York, loss $500,000. .. .27 — Forty persons 
killed by a coliiei-y explosion in North Staf- 
fordshire, Enj;^....28 — Glenni W. S.;otield 
confirmed as Register of the Treasury . . . 
30 — Ex-1 'resident Grant received by the 
.Pope. . . .April 1 — Opening of the Mexican 
/ongress... Mai-quis of Salisbury becomes 
/Secretary of State in English Cabinet . . . 2 — 
Assassination of the Earl of Leitrim, clerk 

Rnd driver, in Derry, Ireland. 5 — Mob 

violence in Rhode Island cotton mills, Kent 
county. . . .20 persons killed and injured by 
an oil explosion at Mauch Chunk. . . .7 — 
Burning of the iJath, N. Y., poorhouse; 15 
inmates perisli in the flames. .. .Boiler ex- 
plosion in a Boston factory, and several per- 
sons killed 9 — Thirteen buildings de- 
stroyed by fire in Galveston, Texas. . . .11 — 
Steeiiburg, the Amsterdam, N. Y., murderer, 
confesses to eleven murders. .. .Prince Na- 
poleon Lucien C. J. F. Murat died in Paris. . 
Ex-Chief Justice T. Bigelow, 68, died in 
Boston, Mass. . Rev. Geo. Putnam, D.D., 71, 
died in Boston, Mass . . 1 2 — Portions of Kansas 
swept by a tornado; great loss of life and 
property. . . .Wm. F. Tweed, 55. died in Kew 

York E. Delafield Smith, ex-U. S. Distiict 

Attorney, died in New York. . . .I)r. J. Peh- 
rendt, ethnologist, diediuGuafemaln, Central 
America. . . .George Tyler Bigelow, LL.D., 

68, died in Boston, Mass 13 — Fifteen 

acres of Ciarksville, Tenn., burned over; 
jloss $500,000. . . .Oxford wins the boat race 
■with Cambridge on the Thames.... 14 — 
■ Canton, China, devastated by a hurricane 
accompanied by two water-spouts. . . .Town 
of Goa, Venezuela, destroyed by an eartii- 
quakc....l7 — Three murderers Ij'nched at 

lluntiville, Ala 18 — Collision between 

■white and black miners, and a number 
killed, at Cold Creek, Ind. . . .19 — A general 
strike in the manufacturing districts of Eng- 
land .... Riots in Montreal Geo. W. 

Blunt, Pilot Commissioner iand author, 76, 
died in Ncvv York.... Rev. P. F. Lynden, 
Catholic Vicar-general of Boston, died there. 
20— Rev. J. P. Dubreuil, D.D., Vicar- 
general of Baltimore, ]\Id., 63, died there. . . 
21 — The Azor sails from Charleston, S. C, 
with 250 colored emigrants for Liberia. , . . 
2'i — Promulgation of the Pope's encyclical 
asserting temporal power. . .Isihilist troubles 
in Russia. . . .Wm. Orton, President Western 
Union Telegraph Co., L4, died in New York. 

23 — Dcstruciivo tornado in western 

Iowa 24 — Prof. Malaguti, chemist, 78, 

(lied in l^evre-, France. .. .26 — Geo. Grant, 
founder Victoria Colony, Kansas, died there. 
... 27 — The B. relay street explosion, in 
is'ewYork ( i^y, b-ss $1,500,000.'. . .Delega- 
tion of distinguished Southerners entertained 
at Bos'on. ...8 — Gen. Todlcben appointed 
to succeed the Gra d Duke Nicholas in com- 
mand of the Russian army in Turkey.... 



Twenty persona killed by a boiler explosion 
at Dublin, Ireland. . . .30 — First contingent 
of British troops sent to Malta. . . .May I — . 
Opening of Pi,ri9 Exposition ..John Mor- 
rissc^v, gam'oler, ."^tute Senator and ex-M. C, 
47, died at Saratoga . . 2 — Flour mill explo- 
sion at Minneapolis, killing 17 persons.... 
W. S. O'lirien, " Bonanza King," died at San 
liaiael, Cal. . . .4 — England trausjorts native 
troo})s from India to operate ag;.inst Russia. 
. . . .5 — Count Schouvaloff sets off on a mis- 
irion of peace ..6 — Packard nominated for 
consul at I-iverpool. . . .7 — An insurrection 
in Central Turkey; 21 Mohammedan villages 
destroyed. .. .U> — The Canadian parliament 
prorogued. . . .S. S. Sardinian burnc d at har« 
bor of Londonderry; three killed and forty 
injured. . . Troubles with the Mexicans on 
the Texas border. .. .The bankrupt act re- 
peal bill passed. . . .11 — Attempted assassin- 
ation of Emperor \\'illiamby lioedel. . .13 — 
Seventeen American vessels chartered by 
Russia. . . .Catherine E. Beechcr, educator 
and author, 77, died in Elmira, N. Y. . . 13 — 
I'rof. Jose h S. Henry, LL.D., si-ientist, Sec- 
reuiry Smithsonian Institute, 80, died in 
Washington, D. C. . . .Mrs. John Bright, wife 
of lion. John Bright, died at Rockdale, Eng. 
. . . .Maj.-Ge '. 'Ihos. S. .l)akin, celebrated 
rifle shot, 46, died in Brooklyn, N. Y. . .16— 
Cotton strike riots at Preston, Manchester 
and Burnly, Eng . , . 17 — The Potter investi- 
gation ordered by the House of Representa- 
tives. .. .Message from President Hayes on 
the fishery award ...18 — Meeting of the 
American Social Science Association in Cin- 
cinnati 19 — Forty persons burned to 

death in a Calcutta theatre. .. .Rev. S. M. 
Isaacs, journalist, 74, died in New York. . . . 
22 — A pleasure steamer capsized in Grand 
River, Canada, and nine per-or.s drowned. . . 
Francis Peralto rode 305 miles in 14 hrs. and 
31 min. at Fleetwood Park, N. Y . . . . 23 — An 
Indian outbreak in Montana. . . .24 — Great 
storm in Wisconsin, attended with loss ot 
life.. 25 — Duchess of Argyle died at Iv'.in- 
burgh. . . .John A. Bolles, naval Solicitor- 
general, 69, died in Washinii:ton. . . .Jno. 
Scott Harrison, cx-M. C, died at North Bend, 
Ind.... 28 — Invitations to the Berlin Con- 
gress issued by Germany. .. .Earl Russell 
(Lord John Rus.icU), formerly British Pre- 
mier, 86, died in J..ondon Eng. . . .30 — Seveie 
drought on tha Island of Jamaica. . . .Sink- 
ing of the German naval vessel Grosser Kur- 
furst in the English channel, and nearly 300 
lives lost.... The body of the son of ex- 
President Harrison found in an Ohio medical 
college . . June 1 — Uprising of the Bannock 
Indians.. .2 — A tornado destrovs 100 houses 
in Rirhmond, Mo. .. .Wreck of the steamer 
Idaho on .the coast of Ireland. . . .Nobeling 
attempts the assassinatioi! of Emperor Wil- 
liam. . . .3 — Vera Sassulitch escai)es from the 
Russian authoritiea.. ..4' jO Russians luussa- 



CHRONOLOGY. 



161 



cred in Rotiraelia 6 — The Pope appeals to 

the powers to protect Catholics in Turkey. . . 
Rev. Nath'l Bouton, D.D., historian, 7Y, (lied 
at Concord. N. H....John Wingate Thorn- 
ton, historian, 60, died at Boston, Mass .... 
Gen. Neville Bai'aguay d'Hilliers, French 
Boldiv-T and statesman, 83, died at Paris. . . . 
Y — I'eace proclaimed in Cuba. . . .Colliery ex- 
plosion in Lancashire, Eng., killing 240 per- 
sons. . . .The act repealing the bankrupt law 
signed by the President . . . Five negroes 
lynched at Bayou Sara, La. . . .9 — Capt. Har- 
per's fi_;ht with the Bannock Indians. . . .Am- 
nesty granted to Cuban patriot piisoners. . . . 
Turkey selects two Christians to attend the 
Berlin Congress ...Bulgarians burn 19 vil- 
lages and commit horrible atrocities. .Earth- 
quake in Lisbon, Portugal. .. .John A. Mc- 
farahan, journalist and war correspondent, 33, 
died at Constantinople. ..Dr. Mannel Freyre, 
Peruvian Minister, dies at Washington, D. C. 
....11 — Ten thousand natives killed by a 
toruiido in China. ... Adjournment of the 
French Senate and Chamber of Deputies. . . , 
Downfall of the Catholic Ministry in Belgium. 
. . . Wm. Cullen Bryant, poet and journalist, 83, 
died in New York. .Ex-King George of Han- 
over died. . . .13 — Meeting of the Berlin Con- 
gress . . .Prof. G. W. Keeley.LL.D., 73, died 
'm Waterville, Me.... 14 — Messrs. Fenton, 
Groesbeck and Walker nominated as com- 
missioners to the International Monetary 

Con.^ress 18 — Col. Wm. M. Vermilye, 

founder of banking house, 72, died in New 
Yoj-k. ...19 — Schooner Eothen sails from 
New York for the Arctic regions in quest of 
the relics of Sir John Franklin. .Centennial 
anniversary of the evacuation of Valley Fori^e. 
. .Rev. Chas. Hodge. D.D., LL.D., theological 
professor and author, 80, died at Princeton, 
N. J . . . .Thos. Winans, of Baltimore, inventor 
and millionaire, died at Newport, R. I ... 
20 — Hanlan defeats Morris in a sculling race 
at Hiilton, Pa. . ,■". Congress adjourns . . .Gen. 
FitzHenry Warren, 62, died jit Brimfield, 
Mass. . . .800 French Communists pardoned 

22— Great fire in Montreal 23— Col. 

Geo. P. Kane, Maj'or of Baltimore, <fec., died 
there. . , .24 — Chas. T. Matthews, comedian, 
77, died in Manthester, Eng. . .,.25 — Battle 
with the Indians at Curry Creek, Oregon . . . 
20 — Russia sends troops into Servia . .26 — 
Queen Mercedes of Spain, 18, dies at Madrid, 
Spuin. . . .'A J — Austria empowered to occupy 
Bosnia and Herzegovina. ., .Judge Sidney 
Breesp, ex-U. S. Senator, 80, died ia Illinois. 
....Mr\ Sarah H. P. Whitman, poet and 
author, 75, died in Providence, R. I . . . . 28 — 
Harvard defeats Yale in a boat race at New 
London, Conn. . . .Centennial of the battle of 
Monmouth in New Jersey. . . .29 — Tunnel 
caves in at Schwelm, Ger., burying 25 per- 
sons. . . .July 1 — Independence of Roumania 
and Montenegro acknowledged . . 2 — Tv/enty- 
five thousand men out of employment in the 



Schtiylkill mining regions 3 — Centennial 

anniversary of the massacre of Wyoming .... 
Dr. J. C. Ayer, chemist and patent medicine 
manufacturer, died at Winchendon, Mass. . . . 
4— Ten persons killed and fifteen injured by 
lightning at a picnic near I'ittsburgh . . A New 
London picnic party struck by lightning. . 
Rev. John Dowling, D.D., cltrgyman and 
author, 70, died at Middletown, N. Y . . 5 — 
Victory of the Columbia College crew at the 
Henley regatta in Engl md. . . .(5 — Indian 
fights in Oregon. . .7 — Batouni ceded to Rus- 
sia. ...Resignation of the Austrian Cabinet.. . . 
4,7i houses destroyed by fire in Maiidalay, 
Burmah. .. .French elections for deputies, 
and large Republican gains. . . .Explosion in 
a petroleum factory in France, and 30 lives 

lost. 8 — Battle with the Indians at Willow 

Springs and Beasley's Mills, Oregon. . . .Geo. 
S. Appleton, book publisher, 53, died at 
Kiverside, N. Y. . . .9 — Announcement of a 
secret treaty between England and Turkey. 
.... 10 — Gen. Howard fights a severe battle 
at Head Birch Crf-ek. . . .12— Capt. Webb 
swims about 40 miles in 9 hrs. 57 min., 
Thames river, England. . . . 13 — Berlin treaty 
signed by all the plenipotentiaries and Con 
gi'ess adjourns .. .Harvey J, Eastman, edtt 
cator, mayor of Poughkeepsie, died there . . . 
14 — Canadian troops fire into a mob at St. 
Henri Junction ...15 — Removal of Arthur 
and Cornell from the N. Y. custom-house . . . 
150 cases of sunstroke at St. Louis. . . .18 — 
A train of 22 cars fall through a bridge at a 
height of 90 feet, near Monticello. Ind., killing 
several persons . . .20 — Gen. Merritt becomes 
collector, and Gen. Graham surveyor of cus- 
toms it New York. , . .George F. Shepley, 
judge of First United Statea District Court, 
Maine, 67, died in Bangor.... 2l — Grand 
Army encampment at Gettysburg. .. .22 — 
Lo.d Eeaconsfield made a knight of the gar- 
ter. . . .23 — The order of the garter conferred 
upon the Marquis of Salisbury. . . .Meeting of 
the National Greenback Convention at Syra- 
cuse.... Riot at East St. Louis, Mo ... 
"Minnie Warren" (Mrs. Newell), a very 
beautiful dwarf, sister of Mrs. Tom Thumb, 
28, died in Massachusetts. . ,25 — British ship 
Loch Ard, lost with 47 lives . . . .Rev. Samuel 
C. J.-ckson, D.D.. Congregational ist clergy- 
man and author, 76, died in Mass. . . .26 — 
A boat capsizes near Blackwater, Ireland, 14 
children and 3 teachers drowned . .Riotous 
demonstrations in Wnshington, I). C. . . .Col. 
Forsyih routes the Indians near Sharkie's 
•ranche ...28 — Grand banquet to Beacons- 
field and Salisbury in London. . . .Austrian 
ai'my enters Bosnia. . . .Marquis of Lome ap- 
pointed Governor General of Canada. .. .29 — 
Total eclipse of the sun; observations being 
made at Denver and other points. . . .Four 
upgross hanged by a mob at Monroe, La. . . . 
30^German parliamentary election. . . .81 — ■ 
Ratification of the treaty of Berlin. . ..Hanlon 



162 



qHKONOLOGT, 



defeats Ross in a boat race at Riverside, N.B. 
21 — Yellow fever breaks out at New Orleans. 
August 1 — Arrival of Chinese embas-^y at 
San Francisco. .Cardinal Alessandro Franchi 
69, died at Rome. . . .2 — Michael Kees, Cali- 
foniian millionairt-, died at Wallenstein, d r- 
iiiauy....X — Rarus trots a mile in 'J. 13 j at 

, Buffalo, N. y., the fastest time on record .... 

[(,'ommodore Chas. H. Jackson, U. S. N., 15. 
died in Philadelphia. .G — Bogardus wins the 
international shooting match in England. . . . 
7 — Beginning of the Austro- Bosnian war. . . 
Ci'Uisinn on Llie Panhandle 1!. R., near Ste ;- 
benville, O. ; 15 persons killed and dn injured. 
. . . .8 — Powder magazine explodes at Fratesi, 
Russia, killing 45 per.sons. . . .9 — Terrific 
storm and loss of many lives at WallingfortI, 
Conn.... 10 — Arrival at New York of the 
Columbia crew. .. .Opening of the inter- 
national monetary conference at. Par s. .11 — 
A Russian embassy sent to Cabul. . . .H. T. 
Montague, actor, 35, died in San Francisco. . 
12 — Gen. Grant received with great honor at 
St. Petersburg. . . .hanlon wins the scull race 
at Barrie, Ont. . . .Russian torpedo boat ex- 
plodes at Nicohdeff, and 34 persons killed. . . 
13 — The Sultan ratifies the Berlin treaty. . . . 
Serious Orange riots in Ottawa. . .The cabi- 
net approves the universal postal treaty . . . 
Yellow fever appears at Memphis, Tenn . . . 
15-Passenger tndn wrecked near Chillicothe, 
Ohio. . . . Austrian s defeated near Tuzla. . . . 
Stacy Baxter, Prof, of Elocution at Harvard 
University, 60, died at Cape May, N. J. . . . 
J. H, Raymond, LL.D., President Vassar 
College, 64, died at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
l<i — Hoedel beheaded at Berlin . . .17 — Rapid 
spread of the yellow fever in the South. . . . 
Richard Upjohn, architect, 77, died in New 
York. . ..18 — Terrible explosion at Pottsville, 
Pa. , . .Gen. Grant has an interview with the 
Czar. . . .20 — Austrians occupy Serajevo . . . 
21 — National regatta at Newark. . .Ex-Queen 
Maria Christina de IJourbon of Spain. 72, 
died at St. Adresse, France. . . .Wm. Niblo, 
founder of Niblo's Garden, 89, died at New 
York. .22— Powder mills explode at Negau- 
nee, ]\lich., and several employees killed . . . 
27— ExGov. Padelford, of R.' 1., 71, died at 
Providence, R. I.... 30 — A pardon to the 
Fenians Melody and Condon granted by the 

. English government. . . .Miskolez, Hungary, 
almost entirely destroyed by a i-torm and over 
B'lO persons drowned. . . .A nitro-glycerinf! 
'explosion at Negaunee, Mich., with great loss 
of life. 31 — .\. general rush into bankruptcy, 
owing to the expiration of the banktui)t act. 
. . . .Judge Thomas B. Dwiglit, 41, died in 
Andover, Mass . . .Septemb* r 1 — J. G. Dick- 
erson, I.L.D., Judge of the Supreme Court of 
Maiiiie, 65, died in San Fr.mcisco. .2 — Anni- 
ver.sary of Sedan celebrated in Germany. . . . 
British Columbia wants to withdraw from 
the Union. .. .Forest fires on the shore of 
Lake Michigan, extending over ICO miles . . . 



3 — Bishop McCoskry, of Michigan, deposed 
from the Episcopate. .Sinking of the steamer 
Princess Alice in the Thames, causing a loss 
of over 500 lives. . . .6 — Gen. J. T. Sprague, 
U. S. A., died in New York City. . . .7 — Al- 
banians murder Mehemet Ali, the Turkish 
general, and 2o of his suite..,. 8 — Trebinje 
surrendeied to the Austrians. . . .9 — Meeting 
of the German Reichstag. . . .Maine election, 
and hirge increase of Greenback vote. .11 — 
Two hundred and eighty lives lost by a col- 
liery explosion in Wales.... 13 — Russians 
evacuate Erzeroum... Great storms in the 
west, causing much destruction to railroad 
property. .14 — The Porte accepts the English 
programme of retorms for Asia Minor. . . . 
16 — DefcMt of the Canadian Government in 
the elections. . . .17 — The Bufler-Democratic- 
Greenback Convention at Worcester. . . .Rev. 
Parre P. Irving, D.D., Ep'scopal, nephew of 
Washington Irving, and anthnr, 72, died at 
New Brighton, S. I., New York. . . .18 — Ex- 
Guv. A. Charlet, of 111., 78, died at Dixon, 111. 
. . . 20 — Arrival of the Chinese Embassy in 
Washington . . . .Cheyenne raid in Kansas . . 
Col. Thomas B. Thorpe, author, 63, died in 
New York. . . 22 — W'hole towns swept away 
by a tornado in Hayti. . . British mis-ion to 
Afghanistan relused permission to enter Ca- 
bul . . 23 — Russians evacuate San Stefano. 
. . . .Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. . . Tuzia sur- 
rendered to the Austrians. . . .24 — Suicide of 
Ex Congressman A. H. Laflin, at Fitchburg, 
Mass . . .Treaty between the Uiatcd States 
and the Sainoan islands ratified. Col. James 
A. Han)ilton, eldest surviving son of Alexan- 
der Hamilton, 90, died at Irvington, N. Y... . 
25 — John Penn, an eminent mechanical en- 
gineer, died in Philadelphia. .. .Gen. Henry 
Raymond, oldest survivor of the war of 1812, 

90," Jersey City Ex Judge B. F. Thomas, 

ExM. C, died at Salem. Mass. . . .Dr. August 
H. Petermann, eminent geographer, by sui- 
cide, 56, Got ha, Germany. .. .29 — Betrothal 

of the old King of Holland 30— Yellow 

fever at its height at Memphis and New Or 
leans; more than 300 deaths per day.... 
Oct. 2 — Failure of the City of Glaswow Bank. 
. . . .Austrian ministerial crisis. . . .Moun.^lon, 
King of Barmah, probably died Sept. 12, but 
not announced tdl Oct. 2. . . .Cyrille Dion, 
ciiampion billiard player, 35, died at Mon- 
t eal. Can. . . .3 — Hanlon defeats Courtney in 
a sculling race at Lachine, ("an. . . .4 — Insur- 
rection in San^a Cruz....Tuks massacre 
Sadi Pasha, iind 156 officers and men at Pod- 
goritza. . , .5 — Austria conqncrs the Bosidan 
insurgents. . . Sir Francis Grant, President 
Royal Academy, 75, died in London, Eng. 
. . . .6 — Lord Chelmsford died in England . . 
Rv. Nehemiah Adam.s, 1). D.. 72, died in 
Boston. .. .Advance of the Afghans to the 
Khyber pass. . . .Disaster on the Old Colony 
Railroad near Boston ; 21 persons killed and 
ft large number injured.... 9 — The Porte's 



CHEONOLOGT. 



163 



circiilar to the powers arrests Anstrinn cruel- 
ties iu Bosnia and Herzegovina 10— Kt. 

Kev. Thomas Galbeny, D. D., R. C Bishop 



coast surTey, died in Bristol, R. I. . . .Robert 
Howell, artist, engraver of "Audubon's 
Birds," died at Tarrytown. N. Y 9— Pnn- 



^■/rr " .f 1 A\^A th^re 1 1— Panic in a cipal part of Cape May, N. J., destroyed by 
Uv^;;"S1h^^^^^^^ 82 peV-n tr-'ld to r-.nSnLdiary fi.^. . 11-Midhat Pasha ap. 

sembly, died at Bordeaux ■ • 13- 1 ho to^ n ^ J YeCe'vil withdraw from the Latin Union, 
of Edinburgh Pa -f "-<^^ \o "shes^ Fn e that s^^e . ill w t^^^^^^ ^^^^^ .^ ^^_^ ^^^^^^^^^^ 

.egroes lynched at m number of deaths from the scourgej 

tenous ^"[f ^ f/°^^^'^^,';"^i 1 ™^^^^^^ disa- 20,000. Memphis the greatest proportional 

^' ^- • • "l eShar4d Me'etiDo- held at sufferer ; 6,000 deaths out of 12,000 people. . .fc 

gree and are discharged • • J^^^""^ "f ^can U-Gen. Grant received with great honor A 
Kheims - avor of t^e / ' anco-Am^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ .^ ifaly.. Jolir> 

commercinltreaty ...Pierre ftoui.. 1^X11 " H.-iw3er Ni-htinarale." former 



i&ter to Spain, rebel Commisnoner, died in 

New Orleans, La 15— Commodore Schu- 

feldt's cruise to Africa Baron Von Pretis 

Cognoda intrusted with the task of formmg 
a new Austrian cabinet. . . .16— Convention 
signed between the Cretans and Jthe Turks. 
Kine persons killed by a panic in a 
colored Baptist Church, at Lynchburgh, \ a 
Gen Gideon J. Pillow, Mexican war and 
rebel General, died at St. Helena, Ark. . .lY 
^A New Bedford whaler capsized, and 73 

fishermen drowned 19— Passage of the 

(^,erman Anti-Socialist bill tenjamm H. 

latrope Jr., eminent civil engineer, 71, 

died in Baltimore, Md 20— Rear Admiral 

Hiram Paulding, U. S. K, 81, died at Hunt- 
ington, L. I. . . .20— The German Socialists 



S. Sleeper, "Hawser Nightingale," former 
proprietor of Boston Journal, 84, died in Bos- 
ton 17— Pas~anante attempts the life of 

Ilumburt T., of Italy Publication of Lord 

Salisbury's reply to Secretary Evarts on the 

fishery question 18 — Political massacre at 

Leniberg, Gemauy Destructive inunda- 
tion in Norwich, England Assassination 

of Don Manuel Pardo, Ex-President of Peru. 
.Serious loss of life by inundation of the 
riVe'r Save, at Pesth, Austria 20— A re- 
ward of §;50,000 offered for the recovery of 
A. T. Stewart's body and conviction of the 

thieves War begun between England and 

Afghanistan Duel between M. Gambetta 

and M. de Fourtnu ; neither injured 21 — 

Explosion at a coal mine at Sullivan, Ind., 



i"^^r.i,e 1 .iAiVin . body. K »d , .T„Ke;»"n,e. H.led a„d a ..n.nber i.ju.ed 

leave tlie Keiclistag ma "< ^'.V- • • .,, ^, _ . p.^ment of the fisheries award undei 



collision in Wales, and 12 persons killed and 

' 20 iniured 21— Fifteen villages inundated 

by the Nile. . . .Rt. Rev. S. N. Rosecrans. R. 
(' Bishop of Columbus, and brother of Gen. 

Rosecrans, 51, died at Columbus 22— 

Resignation of the whole Italian cabinet 

23 Pennsylvania visited by a wind-storm, 

and many people killed and injured Car- 
dinal Paul Cullen, 75, died in Dublin. . . .25— 
Loss of tlie steamer City of Houston, on the 
Florida coast Moncasi attempts the assas- 
sination of King Alfonso, of Spain. . .^27-- i 
Robbery of the Manhattan Bank, New \ ork. 
28— Strike of 3",000 Clyde iron workers. 

"!. Bulgarian insurrection spreading 

Arrival in Ireland of Lord Dufferin 30— 

Resignation of the Grecian Ministry 31— 

Terrible ravages of cholora in Morocco 

Steamer Halvetia, from Liverpool to New 
York runs down and sinks the British coast- 
guard cruiser, Fanny, and 17 lives lost. .. 
^lov 1 — Great conflagration in Maynooth Col- 

Ico-e' Ireland Extensive strike in English 

ct^ton-spinning district Garnier Page, 

French statesman and historian, died m 1 aris. 

3— Christopher R. Robert, philanthroi.ist, 

f .under of Robert College, Constantinople, 

77, died in Europe 6— Jean Jaqnes Fazy, 

Swiss statesman, died in Switzerland. . . .7— 
Robbery of A. T. Stewart's grave in New 
York ' Appeal of Mormon women in Utah 
a^ainet 'polygamy.... H. W\ Bache, U. S. 



. .Payment of the fisheries award under 
protest by Minister Welsh in London. . . Rus- 
sian Gen. Kauffman's extraordinary assur- 
ance to the Ameer British success in 

Klivber pass. . .23— Arrival of the Sarmatian 
at Halifax with t!ie Marquis and Marchioness 
of Lome on board .. .24— Unveiling of the 

Humboldt statue at St. Louis 25— Sink- 

ino- of the steamer Pomerania by a collision 

nelr the English coast, with the loss of 

twenty lives . . .27— Khurum Fort occupied 

1 by the British . . . Flight of the Afghan gar- 

I rison to Peiwar Fifty persons jump off » 

ferry boat at Liverpool, and are drrwned, 

owin"- to a panic 11 obcrt Heller, magi- 

cian,'45. died in Pliilade'phia. . .28— Louia 
A. Godey, proprietor of "Godey's Lady's 

Book," 76, died in Philadelphia English 

forces enter Khyber pass, in Afghanistan 

29 Riot in Breathitt county, Ky. . . .Lyman 

Tremaine, ex-M. C. aud ex Attorney Gtneral 

of N y., 60. died in Albany Col. Robert 

Chustre Buchanan. U.S. A., 67, died in Wash- 
inutoD. D. C . . .Commodore Wm. T. Spicer, 
US N.', 57, died in Washington Dec. 1— 
Collision on the Mississippi between the 
steamers Charles Morgan and Cotton Valley ; 
sinkin" of the latter with the loss of 20 
lives.". Geor-e H.Lewes, author, husband 
of "George Eliot," died in London Al- 
fred Wigan, an actor, died in London 2— 

Openitig of the International Dairy Exhibi- 



164: 



CHKONOLOGT. 



lion in New York city . . . .Congrepg con- 
venes. .. .lit. Rev. JosepVi V. 1\ Wilmer, 
professor, Bishop of New Orleans, died 
there . . 8 — Evacuation of Jelallabatl by the 
Ameer'a forces ; twtnty villaoies burned and 
Tiiost of the iuhabitunts massacred by the 

^Macedonian insurgents 4 — Opening of 

itlie En;:i,lish parliament. .. .Formution of a 
'new Turkish Ministry. .. .General Roberts 
wins a victory in Peiwar pass. . .5 — Ovation 
to Emperor William on his return to Berlin. 
....Capt. Whyte Melville, novelist, died in 
England. . . .Senor Rivero, chief of the pro- 
gressionists and democrats in Spain, died 
there. . . .7 — Arrest of an American, Romer, 
in Ctstantinople, charged with conspiracy 
against the Sultan. . . .8 — Failure of the West 
of England Bank. , . .9 — I'ublicaiion of the 
Ameer'a reply to the Viceroy of India. . . . 
British Consulate at Adrianople raided by 

the Russians 10 — Banishment of Mah- 

moud Damad Pasha to Tripoli. .. .Heavy 
floods in New York and various other States. 
. . . .James H. Monalian, Chief Justice of 
Common Pleas and privy councillor, 73, died 
in Dublin. . . .Henry Wells, founder of \\ ells 
College, and Wells (fc Fai;go's Express, 73, 
died in Glasgow, Scotland. . . . 11 — Discovery 
of rich silver fieMs at Leadville, Colorado. 
. . . .12 — A general u]n'ising reported against 
the authority of the Ameer in Afghanistan. 
. . . .The commandant of Fort Ali-Musjid 
blown fnmi the ujouth of a cannon. . . .'i lie 
Afghans plead for peace . . 14 — Abdul Ke- 
rim and Redif Pasha bani-hed to Rhodes. . . 
The Princess Alice Maud Mary, of England, 
Grand Duchess "f Hesse Darmstadt, died at 
Darmstadt of diphtheria, aged 35 years. . . . 
16 — Cholera and f miiuo carrying off thou- 
eands of people in Morocco. . . .Severe busi- 
ness depression in England. . . .17 — Gold at 
par in New York city for the first time in 17 
years. .. .John H. Almy, journalist and foi'- 
mer army agent, 48, died in New York. . . . 
18 — Execution of Jack Kehoe, leader of the 
Molly Maguires. .. .Steamer Byzantin sunk 
in the Dardanelles, and 100 lives lost.... 
Formition of a new Italian Cabinet. . . .19 — 
Bayard Taylor, author, traveller and poet, 
American Minister to Germany, 53, died in 
Berlin.,.. 20 — Jelnllabad occupied by Gen. 
Browne. . . Flight of the Ameer from Cabul 
t» Turkestan ...21 — Reported loss of the 
brig C. R. Burgess, bound from Boston to 
England, with all on board. . . .Rev. Dr. Mc- 
Cauley, principal of King's College, Windsor. 
N. S., d,ie 1 there . . .24 — Accident on the 
Lehi.rh Valley Railroad, and five persons 
killed . . . American steamship State of Loui- 
fiiana founders upon the rocks of Lough 
Larne, Ireland . . Hear Admiral Hofif, U. S. 

N., 69, died at Washington, D. C Rev. 

Jos. B. O'llacran, S. J., President of College 
of Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass , died there. 
....26— ev. Lejuard Woods, D.D., LL.D., 



Ex-President of Bowdoin College, died ii> 
Mass. . . .Submission cf Yakoob Klian, son of 
tlie Ameer, and virtual ending of the Afghan 
war. . . .The capital of Nortiiern Brazil de- 
vastated by small pox ; CiiO deaths daily. . . . 
27 — Arrival of the Ameer of Afghanistan at 
Tashkend. .. .News received of the loss of 
the steamer Emily B. Souder, two days out 
of New Y^ork, on the 10th inst., with the loss 
of 36 lives, . . .Gen. D. C. CoUum, Superin- 
tendent of Railways and Army Transjjorta- 
tion, during the war, and former Superin- 
tendent of Erie Railway, died in Brooklyn, 
N. Y....Rev. Geor..ie Thacher, D.D., ex- 
President of the University of lowa, died in 
Hartford, Conn. . . .Ex-Go v'. Onslow Stearns, 
of New Hampshire, died in Concord, N. H. . . 
Nitro-glycerme explosion at Up]>er Preak- 
ness, N. J., killing three men.... 30 — Har- 
riet Grote, widow of George Grote, author- 
ess, died in London. 

1879. 
January 1 — Special payments resumed; 
large cotton fire, Charleston, S. C... 2 — > 

Caleb Gushing died 6 — British cavalry 

d"feat Afghans. . .Morton McMichael died. . . 
7 — Astrakhan plague in Russia. .. . Opening <if 
new Capitol at Albany 9 — Cheyenne 1 ra- 
dian oul^break at Fort Robinson, Neb.; British 
troops occupy Candahar, Afghanistan... 10 
— Benjamin Hunter hanged at Camden, N. J., 
and Michael Furrel at Quebec. . . . ] 1 — l.irnv 
in..^ham (Eng.) library burned.... 12 — Com- 
modore Guest, U. S. N., died 13— Fatal 

colliery explosion in Wales.... 14 — Sharpe 
and McDonald, " Molly IMaguires," lianged at 
Mauch Chunk, and TlKmias Dowd at St. 
Andrew's, N. B. . . .M. Grevy re-elected Pri'si- 

dcnt Freuch Chamber of Deputies 15 — 

Railway accident in Roumelia, 200 soldiers 

drowned 16 — Beyan, "Molly Maguire," 

hanged at Poltsville,* Pa. . . .17 — Reported 
flight of Yakoob Khan from Cabul. . . . 
20 — Ex-Comptroller Brennan died. . . .French 
Admiral Touchard died. . . .22 — U. S. Senator 
Conkling, of N. Y., re-elected. . . .Marquis of 
Lome and Princess Louise visit Niagara 
Fall.'^, American side . . . .fight with Che\ cnuea 
at Bluff Station. . . .23 — Astrahkan plagua 
spreading in Russia.... 27 — Dr. Lindemiaii 

Director of Mint, died 29 — Jolin Achs-J 

and Wm. Merrick hanged at Indianapolis, 
Ind. .. .Sitting Bull's crossing from Canad3 
confirmed. . . .city charter of Memphis, Teim., 
repealed. .. .31 — Resignation of Alac ^laLon, 
President of French Republic, Jules Grevy suc- 
ceeds him February 1 — Gambe'.ta clioseu 

President French Chamber of Deputies. . .As- 
trahkan plague abating. . . rumored death of 
ShereAli. ., .directorsof the City of Glasgow 
Bank convicted of fraud and sentenced . . . citj 
of Elizabeth, N. J., defaults in payments. . . . 
2 — Fighting between British and Zulus re 
ported to have b 'gun. . . Richard H. Dana, Sr., 
died . , . 4 — Eur pe quarantining agaioat tbo 



CHRONOLOGY. 



165 



plagne. . ..Labor strikes in England extending 
. . . .5— Cattle disense in England in imported 
cattle, and precautions taten. , . .7 — Business 
Men's Society of Moderation organized in 
New York. ...S — Labor strikes in England 
increasing. . . .10 — Mrs. Jennie R. Smith and 
Covert D. Bennett on trial for murder of 
Polifema'i Smith at Jersey City.... 11 — Im 
portant Zulu ■victory reported. .. .12 — Re- 
ported death of Afghan Ameer contradicled. 

18 — British Parliament reassembles. . . 

Official statements cf Zulu disasters. . . .14 — 
Lord Lome's first speech to Canadian Parlia- 
ment.. .Edward Peter O'Kelly, the last of 
Feniau prisoners, released from Spike Island 
prison .... 15 — Anti-Chiuese Immiiiration bill 
pa,-sed in the U. S. Senate.... 16 — British 
ship Adriatic stranded near Dunkirk; Sol- 
diers' Home at Xenia, O., burned. . .17 — 
Czar ratifies treaty of peace with Turkey; 
labor strike at Liverpool ends.... 18 — Encl 
of steel founders' strike at Sheffield. . . .19 — 

Bi'^hop Foley, of Chicago, 111., died 20— 

News of repulse of Zulus by British; reported 
murder of Koyal Princess of Burmah by the 

King, and restoration of old government 

21 — Outbreak in Hay ti reported . . . Official 
notice of British orders against diseased im- 
port e i cattle . . . Similar jirecautions to be tak- 
en ill Fiance and rLaly...22 — Anti Chinese 
Immigi atiou bill concurred in by House of 
Representatives. . . .Centennial celebiation of 
Putnam's ride, near Greenwich, Conn. . . .23 

— Russian plague abated 24 — Ground 

jDrokcn for P^ast-side El vated Railroad. . . . 

25 — U. S. Senate passed bill to estalJish Bu- 
reau of Health. . . 2ti — Charles Peace, a no- 
torious murderer, executed in England. . . .27 

— HaytiLn ou: break reported quelled. . . .Se- 
vere stiirmsand great damage in France, Spain 
and Italy. . .Prince Louis Napoleon sails trom 
Sout ampton to join British forces in Africa 
aa a volunteer. .. .Reported assassination of 

Senov Rivartila, ex-President of Para- 
guay. ..... 2S — Avalanche near Marburg. 

March 1 — Anti Chinese Immigration bill 

Vetoed by President Hayes 2 — Official 

flews of deith of Shere All, February 21, re- 
ceived; town of Reno, Nevada, nearly all 
burned. . . .3 — "Wm. Hewitt, author, died. . . 
45th Congress adjourned ."•me c^ze; proclama- 
vion for extra sessii-n issued by President. . . . 
4 — Vauderbilt will cimtest suddenly closed. 
. . . 5 — Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, 

makes assignment 6 — English journals 

demand recall of Lord Chelmsford from com- 
mand of British forces in South Africa; floods 
in California. . .7 — Eiihu Burritt, the "learned 
b acksmith," died. . . . 8 — Reported serious de- 
feats of British troops in Afghanistan. . . .Ya- 
koob Khan proclaiaied Ameer of Cabul ; re- 
ported defeat of Zulus by Col. Pearson. ... 1 1 
— Major Cavagnari sends proposals to treat 
wj'h Yakoob Khan at Cabul. . . .Col. Robert 
ALton killed by Edward Cox in State-house 



at Augusta, Ga,...12 — Manhattan Savings 
Bank, N. Y., resumes payments. . . .Szesredin, 
Hungary-, destroyed by overflow of theThiess 
. . . .13 — Prince Arthur, of England, married 
to Princess Margaret, of Prussia, at St. 

George's Chapel, Windsor 14 — Surgeon 

General Woodworth died 15 — Bayard 

Taylor's funeral at Kennett Square, Pa. . . .Id 
— General Thomas W. Sherman died; ex 
Senator Goldthwaitc, of Alabama, died ... IT* 
— U. S. gunboat ordered to Sitka for protec- 
tion of white settlers against Indians; Em- 
peror of Austria visits Szogcdin ; great fire 
at Rangoon, India 18 — Forty-sixth Con- 
gress organized ; Samuel J. Randall elected 

^Sp8aker of House of Representatives 

19— Decree in Libson, prohibiting importa- 
tion of pork from tiie United States ; heavy 
snow storm in Scitland . . . .Rev. James De Ko- 
ven died. . . .20 — I^enjamin C. Port^^r, actor, 

killed at Dallas, Texas, by James Currie 

22 — Cabul quiet and Yakoob Khan proclaimed 
Ameer. . . ,24 — Vanderbilt will contest ended 

by compromise 25 — Defeat of Afghans 

near Pesholak by General Tj-tler 2G — 

Famine reported in Upper Egypt ; C'luef Jus- 
tice Elliott, of Kentucky, shot and killed at 

Lexington, Ky., by Col. Thomas Buford 

27 — Alsace-Lorraine voted autonomy by 
German Parliament 28 — British ad- 
vance upon Cabul ordered. . . .Little Wolf and 
his band of Cheyer.nes surremler to United 
States troops . . 29 — Five persons burned in 

Tremont House at Claremont, N. H 30 — 

Order reigns in Afghanistan. . .Ynkoob Khan 
decides to cont nue war against English. .... 
31 — Squadron of British hussars swept away 
in a current while crossing Cabul river, in Af- 
ghanistan. . . .April 1 — British defeatAfghans 
in Peshin Valley . . . Col. Pear.son, with 2,000 
English troops surrounde 1 by 10,000 Zulus at 
Ekowe, South Africa. . . .2 — Afghans capture 
700 English soldiers and ransom them foi- 
£30,000 ; General Fitz John Poi ter exonerated 
from charges. . . .Peru and Bolivia declare war 
asjainst Chili German expedition sent to ex- 
plore Central Africa 4 — Madame Eliza- 
beth Patterson Bonaparte, widow of Priuca 
Jerome Bonaparte, died. . . .6. .Miragoane, a^ 
port of Uayii, reported destroyed by firei 
March 17; Army Appropriation bill passed 
the House of Representatives. .. .7 — Oham, 
King Cetewayo's brother, reported to have 
surrendered to British March 2. . .8— Colored 
refugees from South arrive at Wyandotte, 
Kansas. . . .Zulus invade the Transvaal and cut 
off a British convoy. .. .9 — New Apportion- 
ment bill passed by New York Legislature. 

11 — Arrest of Nihilists in Russia; 

Iquique, Peru, blockaded by Chili 12— 

I'lague in St. Petersburg. . . .General Richard 

Taylor, son of ex President Taylor, died 

14 — Unsucce-^slul attempt to assassinate the 
Czar of Russia. . . .Ifi — Isaac D. James shot 
and killed by Deuwood P. Hends, at Balii. 



IGG 



CHRONOLOGY. 



more, Md....l7 — TJ. S, S. Alaska returns 
from 8itka ; General Henry A. Brewertoii, U. 
S. A., died.... IS — Syndicate Bubseribe for 
$150,000,()0i) four per cent. Joan.. ..Village of 
Zerend, in Hungary, destroyed by flood ; vil- 
lage of Waterboi-o, S. C, siruck by t >rnado; 
resolution ii I'anama. . . .19 — Explosion of 
gaa in coai mine at Depjiriure Bay. . ..Uailroad 
accident on Hannibal and St. Josi'ph road. . . . 
Massacre of Christians by Albanims. . . .2fi — 
Military law declared in six Russian pro- 
vinces. . . .21 — Ge&. John A. Hix died . . .22 
— Subsidiary Silvrr Coin bill pa.Hsed by C^n- 

fress....23 — Lord Chelmsford relieves the 
eleaguered tro()))S of Col. Pi-iirson at Eiowe, 
after defeating the Zulus at Ginglelwa, South 
Africa . . .Seven men burned i.i coal mine at 
Wilkesbarre, Pa.; attempt ti assassinae Ed- 
win Booth at McVicker's Theatre, Chicago. 
. . .24— E. W. I'almsr shot and kill^dby fn-. 
Cabell near Danville, Va ...25 — Bi.^hop Ed- 
ward R. Ames, of M. E. Church, died 23 

— Earkentine Velocity sunk at s-a near New 
York by steimer City of Rio. . . .27 — Silver 
wedding celebration of Emperor and Empress 
of Austria, .at Vienna. . . .Ex- Judge George C. 
Barnard died. . . .Gen. Alfred Sully, U. S. A., 
died... 28 — Seven men rescued from mine 
at Wilkesbarre, Pa... 29 — President Playes 
vetoes Army Api)ropriation bill ; Prince 
Alexander of Biittenburg elected King of 
Bulgaria, under title of Alexandi-r I. . . 30 — 
City of OiMuburg, on the Ural, ia Russ'a, 
nearly destroyed by fire. . . .May 1— Chas. F. 
Freeman, of Pocassett, Me., killed his daugh- 
ter, Edith, aged five years, as a religious 
8 icrifico, believi.ig that she would be restored 
to life in three days. . . .4 — Riot at Coik, 
Ireland 5 — Fatal explosion of nitro- 
glycerine, and 100 cars wrecked at Stratford, 
Canada. .. .Porter and Johnson (negroes) 
lynched at 1; t;irkville. Miss.... 6 — Edward 
Parr murdered his daughter, Mrs. Irwin, at 
Philadelphia. .. .Johnny Dubba arrested for 
Manhattan Bank r jbbery . . . ." Red Leary" 
escaped from Ludlow Street Jail. . . .7 — New 

State Constitution adopted in California 

^-Yokoob Khan treats for jieace with the Eng- 
lish. . . .'Longshoremen's strike in New York 
City ...9 — Four Thousand Nihilists sent to 
Sibei-ii. . . .10 — llear-Adrniral Enoch G. Par- 
rott, U. S. N , died. . . .11 — Pope Leo XIII. 
appointed five ciirdiri.il priests and three car- 
dinal dc'acons, Dr. John Henry Newman, of 
England, among t'le cardinal-; . . .Cetewayo's 
youngest brother surrenders to the English; 
death of one of t c King's brothers coufumed. 
. . . .15 — Floods and destruction of villages in 
Hungary; more arrestsof Nihilists in Russia; 
International Congress in session at Par's on 
project for canal across Istlunus of Panama; 
Jacob Staempfli, member of Court on Ala- 
bama Claims, died.... 16 — Greater part of 

Lubin, Poland, burned 17 — Judge Asa 

Packer died. . . .18 — Steam-launch Louisa cap- 



sized OK TTo^'s Back, near New York, and 

three lives lost 19 — Ex-Commissiouit 

James h'. Nich Ison died; p ipular vote ia 
Sivitzerland ag.dnst le-ostablishment of c pi 

t.d punishment 20 — Herr Von Forcken- 

beck. President German Par. lament, resigned; 
Charles Cohb sentenced to life imp.risonment 
for the murder of Wesley Bishop, at Norwich, 
Conn. ..21 — Herr Scidnitz elected President 

German Parliament 22 — N> w York 

elevat 'd railroads leased to the Manhattan 
Company. .. .Receiver appointed for City of 
Memphis, Tenn. . . .23 — I'he 13th regiment, 
N. G. S. N. Y., arrive at Montreal to p.aitici- 
pate in celebration of Queen Victoria's birth- 
day. . . .24 — Peace negotiations between Ma- 
jor Cavagnari for Great Britain and the 
Aiheer of Afghanistan... Queen Victoria's 
Ijirthday celebrated at Montreal. . . .William 
Lloyd Garrison did. .. .Warner Silver bill 

passed 25 — Dedication of St. Patrick's 

Cathedral, New York city... 27 — Professor 
Nordeuskjold's vessel, Yvgi, arrives at 
Behring's Stracits, via the Northwest Passage 
... .Treaty of peace between Great Britain 
and Afghanistan s'gned at Grandamark by 
Major Cavagnari and Yakoob Khan. .. .Sir 
Garnet Wolsley made s'iprcme commander of 
British forces in South . Africa ... .28 — The 
Wyse-Panama route for interoceanic canal 

recommended at Paris 29 — Desperate 

nival encounter off Iquique, Peru, between 
Cliiilian wooden vessels and Peruvian iron- 
clads, all being sunk except the Huascar (Pe- 
ruvian) The Colon- Aspinwall route for 

interocanic canal anopted at Paris. .. .30 — • 
Cetewayo, the Zulu King, defeats a deserting 
force, his brother slain. . . . Alarming eruption 

at Mount Etna 3i — Portuguese cabinet 

resigns . . Jnne 1 — Louis Napoleon, Prince 
Imperial of France, slain in South Africa by 
the Zulus. . . .Lepers sent from San Francisco 
to China. . . .2 — Kelly and Shevelin held for 
the Manhattan Bank burglary. . . .Glenn re- 
leased. .. .Great strike of iron-v/orkers at 
Pittsburgh, Pa ...3 — M. do Le3sep3 begins 
in Paris the formation of an luttroceanic 
Canal Company. . . .Baron Lionel de Roths, 
child died. .,4— Famine in Cashmere officially 
reported to be beyond exaggeration. . . Jam«3 
O, Woodruff, of Scientific Expedition, died. . . 
6— The Test-oath bill passed by the U". S. 
Senate. . . .7— Solovieff of Russia, who at- 
tempted to kill the Czar, sentenced to be hong 
. . . .King Ce'ewayo desires terms of peace. . . 
8 — Elanqni, Fre'ich Socialist, pardoned.... 
9 — Eruption of Mount jEtna almost ended. . . 

Solovieff executed at St. Petersburg 10— 

Commandora Foxhall A. Parker died. . .11 — 
Germany celebrates the golden wedding of 
Emperor William and the Empress August:i 
. . . .Mrs. Jane L. De Forest Hull murdered in 
New York by the negro Chastine Cox. ..12 — ■ 
Kir.g of Burmah murders royal princ s . . . - 
13 — Washiigton Monument bill passed. •• 



CHEONOLOG"i . 



167 



14 — Striko of cotton-spinners at Full River, 
Mass. . . I'j — Jud^e Dorinan, of Viigiiiiu, died 
. . . .17 — A terrible earthquake occurs ia tlie 
Etna region. . . . 18 — Earthquake in Sicily. . . 
19 — Miss Lilian Duer, convicted of man- 
elaughter at Snow Hill, Md., for the shooting 
of Ella Hearn, and fined 15 lO . . .23 — Chas- 
tino Cox, the murderer of Jlrs. Hull, arrested 

in Boston 24— G. N. M. Reynolds, the 

noveli.t, died. . . .25 — lasurreotion in Algeria 
ended. .,26 — Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, 
deposed, .nnd his son. Prince Moliammed 
Tewfik, appointed his successor. . . .Joseph A. 
Blair shoots and kills his coachman, John 
Armstrong, at Montclair, N. J.... Albert 
Weber, piano manufacturer, died. ...28 — 
Fatal ex[)losion of boilers of steamer May 
Que-n on Luke Minetonka. Minn. . . .29 — lie- 
ported that King Cetewayo ha3 sent more 
peace messengers to Lord Chelmsford. . . .Tlie 
ex-Khedive departs from Egypt. . 30 — Sutro 
tunnel, Nevada, completed. . . .Sir William 
Fothergill Cooke, constructor of first teleg -aph 
line in England, dies . . . .Edison completes his 
electro-motograph telephone. . . .July 1 — Ex- 
tra session of Congress adjourned. . . .Prince 
Jerome Bonaparte declared head of Napole- 
onic dynasty . . . United States Board of Trade 

incorporated 2 — Whale weighing 4,60J 

lbs. captured off Sandy Hook. . First Hebrew 
National Convention. . . ,3 — John Dimon, an 
old shipbuilder, died. . .Joseph A. Blair found 
guilty of manslaughter by coroner's jury and 
held for trial in N.J... .4 — John F. Seymour 

mysteriously shot and killed Professor 

Goldsmith shot. . .T — Steamer Jeannette sails 
on Arctic exi:)edition. . . .Bulgarian fortresses 
demolished. . . .8 — Reported assasainalion of 
Nagle, the Fenian informer . . Centennial an- 
niversary of burning of Fairfield, Conn. . . . 
9 — Czar of Russia grants r^^'ligious liberty to 
dissenters. . . .Order for sale of Atlantic and 
Great Western Railway issued by Judge Tib- 
bals, of Ohio. . . .Breaking out of yellow fever 
at Memphis, Tenn. . . .10 — Sir G„rnet Wolse- 
ley arrives in South Africa ...Remains of 
Prince Louis Napoleon arrive in England. . . . 
Flight of residtuts of Memphis, Tenn. . . .Je- 
rome Bonaparte assumes leadership of Impe- 
rialist partj' in France. . . .Captain James C. 
Luce, formerly of Collins Line steamers, dies 
. . . .ex-Governor William Allen, of Ohio, died 
. . . .Jetty channel at Mississippi river com- 
pleted. . 11 — Powder-mill explosion at Wilkes- 
barre. Pa. . .12 — Reception to Duke of Argyll 
at Boston. . . Funeral of Prince Louis Napoleon 
in England. .. .14 — Ciiastine Cox arraigned 
for murder of Mrs. Hull.... 16 — Centennial 
celebration of the battle of Stony Point. . . . 
Christian A. Zabriskie, N. J. millionaire, 
killed. .. .Duke of Argyll sails for England 
.... 1 1 — Rev. Mr. ' Vosburgh, charajed with 
attempt to kill his wife, in Jersey City, gets a 
divorce from her in Dakota. . . .Chastine Cox 
condemned for murder. .. .Steamer State of 



Virginia lost at Sable Island. , . .18 — Gather- 
ing of Orleans princes at Geneva. . . .General 
William Barry, commandant at Fort McHenry, 
Baltimore, Md., died. . . .New cases of yellov* 
lever at Memj)hi3. . . .19 — Stay of executiuu 
of Chastine Cox . . .Collision betwe3n steaiu».r 
Santiago de Cuba and steamer Scotch Grey? 
. . . .Lite of King of Belgium threateuer. . .^ 
Henry D. I 'aimer, t'leatrical manager, dies i» 
London. .20 — Yellow lever panic at Memphis, 
Tenn. . . .Great fire at Nijni Novgorod, Russia 
. . .21 — New cases of yellow fever at. Meaipliis 
. . . .22 — General Miles has fight with Sioux 
. . . .Charles LaLidseer, brother of Sir Edward 
Landseer, dies . . .strike of spinners at Fall 
River, Mass. . . .General Donald ISlcLeoddead 
. . .23 — Colonel Buford sentenced for murder 
of Judge Elli itt. . . .25 — Dis:nissal of Lieuten- 
ant-Governor Letellier of Quebec . . .26 — Ira 
D. Sankey, the evangelist, returns Ironi Europe 
. , . .ex-U. S. Senator Robert W. .lohnsondied 
27 — John Welsh, U. S. Minister to Eng- 
land, resigns. . . .28 — Arrival of immigrants 
from Iceland to form a new colony. . . . Baron 
von Gerolt, Privy Councilor to Emperor 
William, dies. .. .Duke Frederick William 
died. . ..29— Hon. Bland Ballard, U.S. District 
Judge for Kentucky, died. . . .31 — Col. John 

V. Du Bois, U. S. A., died Major George 

S. Hunter, U. S. A., died August 1— 

Thirteen deaths from yellow fever i a Memphis, 
Tenn . . . .4 — William M. Ward, t.ie actor, dies 

Zulu chiefs demand a white king. . .Town 

of Volcano, W. Va., burned.... 5 — Charles 
Fechter, t!ie actor, died. .. .Chilian blockade 

of Iquique raided 6 Keith J ihnson, 

African explorer, died . . .7 — Exchange bank 
of Montreal, Canada, fails. , . .8 — Increase of 
yellow fever at Memphis. . . .Protest of Sec- 
retary Evart3 to foreign powers against Mor- 
mon immigration Serajyvo, capital of 

Bosnia, buined, 10,000 people homeless. . . . 
the Ville Marie (Canadian) Bank su'^pends... . 
9 — Yellow fever at Memphis daclired epi- 
demic. . . .Meeting of Emperors AVilliam and 
Francis Joseph at Ga-tei i. . . .Major William 
Leland died.... 11 — Riot in Belfast, Ireland 
. . . .Earthquake in St. Thomas. . ..12 — Georga 
Long, the English scholar, died.... 13 — De^ 
falcation in mills at Fall River, Mass... 
Steamer Semiramide sunk at sea by steamer 
Corsica. . . .14 — Great demand in England for 
American iron.. .Bishop Odenheimer, of New 
Jersey, died.... 15 — Failure of James Mc- 
Henry in London — Reported arrival of Amer- 
ican Arctic exploring vessel Jeannette at the 
Aleutian Islands. . . .Riot in Quebec, Canada 
. . . .10 — Thirty-one new cases of yellow fever 
at Memphis. . . .20 — Distress among laborers 
in England. . . .21 — Meeting of Bar Associa- 
tion at Saratoga. . . .23 — ilev. I. S. KallDch, 
Workingman's candidate for Mayor of San 

Francisco, shot by Cha:'les De Young 25 — • 

Great damage by rain to crops ia England... . 
26 — Ludwig Vogel, the Swiss artist, died. . . . 



168 



CHRONOLO<i-Sr. 



21 — Sir Rowland HUl, author of English 
penny postage, died . . ,29 — Portugese Consul 
at Pernambuco assassinated. . ..30 — UnveUing 
tho Cutter stiitue at Wcist Point ...General 
John B. Hood died . . . .31 — Yellow fever still 
raging at Memphis. . . .Death C)f John Adams 
j^Jackson, a prominent Amerlcnn sculptor, at 
ft'lorenco. .S>'ptomber 1 — lieiurn of amnestied 
feommuuisti to France . . .2 — Northwest pas- 
siige effectal by Professor Nordenskjold. . . . 
Refusal of Pope Leo XIII. to intprfere with 
Alfonso and 1>mu Carlos.... 3 — Francis IJal- 
gtead, the English art dealer, died . . . .4 — 
Carlotta Patti married to Ernest de Muncic. . . 
6 — I. S. Kalloch elected Mayor of San Fran- 
cisco, Cal . . seven lives lost (m Lake Ontario 
. . Juilge Kerr, ofthe North Carolina Superior 
Court, died . ..6 — L onard Monti-fiore, nephew 
©f Sir Mosc* Montefiore and Sir Anth'my 
Rothschild, dies. . . .Famine in China . . .V — 
Major Cavagnari and staff massacred by the 
Afghans at Cabul. . . .Connt Amadee de Noe, 
the French caricaturist, dies. .. .8 — Opening 
life-saviug stations on Atlantic coast. . . . 
William Sinrris Hnnt, the American painter, 

died '..9 — Review of military at Toronto, 

Can., by Marquis of Lome... 10 — William 
AVilliams, pres.deut of Bullock Printing-press 
Company, dies . . .Rev. William Pattern, ]).D., 
died. . ..11 — Rumored death of Afghan Ame r 
....Secretary Evarts in Canada to discuss 

fishery question 12 — King Mtesa, of 

Africa, frees 500,000 slaves. .. .14 — Cuban 
slaves demand freedom and leave plantatifju 
....15 — Arrival of General Grant at San 
Francisco. . . .Rear- Admiral Chas. Boardman 

died 16 — John D. Long nominated for 

Governor of Massachusetts. . . Bishop Baring, 
uncle to Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of India; 
died. ,. .1Y-— General Kirham, while bearing 
message to Queen Victoria from Abyssinia, 
died. . . .18— Daniel Drew died at N. Y. city 
. . . .Close of the Zulu war in Africa. . . .19 — 
Piano-makers strike in N. Y. city . . . .20— Re- 
ception to General Grant at San Fiancisco... . 
21 — Bismarck makes mysterious vis^its to 

.Vienna Rev. Joseph Thompson, D. D., 

iJ>L.D., died at Berlin. . . .22 — Indian raid in 
Arizona. . . . Treat v between Indians and Mex- 
icans. . . .Chief Sitting Bull fights a duel. . . . 
Robert Goelet, millionaire, of N, Y. city, died 
....23 — Hon. J. Warren Woodward, Justice 
of Supreme Court, Pennsylvania, died . . 24 
— Rev. Dexter Lounsbury shot by his wife at 
Stratford, Conn. . . .26 — King Cetewayo ia 
Cape Town Castle. . . .Great fire at De id- 
wood, D. T....27 — Archbishop McKinnnn, 
of Antic st I, N. S., died. ...28 — Yakoob Khan 
and General Roberts meet . . . .Gates of Cabul 
closed... 29 — W. H. Cooper, the American 

forger, arrested in England October 1— 

John Josper, Jr., succeeds Mr. Kiddle as 
Superintendent of 1 ub ic >ichools. . . .Pietro 
Ba'.bo kills his wife at 14 Rose street. . . .2 — 
(Jvrus W. Field erected monument to Major 



Andre, the British spy. . . .Eleven new yellow 

fever cases in Memphis 3 — Derrick for 

moving C'leopatra's Needle shipped. . . .Pietro 
Balbo, wife murderer, captured. . ■. .New Gov- 
ernment at Port-Au-Prince. . .4 — Correspond- 
ence with lottery-dealers prohibited . . . .First 
battle at Shutargardan Piss, between Eng- 
lish and Afghans . . .5 — Blair trial begun in 
New Jersey. . . .6 — Great famine in Ca.shmere 
...Stannard murder trial begun at New 
Haven. . . .0 — 100th anniversary of the siege 
of Savannah and death of John Jasper. . . .11 
— A balloon, supposed to be Prof. Wise's, 
found near Milwaukee ...General Roberts's 
army enter Cabul. . ..11 — Miss McDonald shot 
v'-'ylvester llickey in Cincinnati. , . .Embezzler 
W alter Paine, of Fall River, Mass., arrested 
in Quebec . 13 — English enter Cabul.... 
Henry C, Carey died ...14 — Charles Foster 
elected Governor of Ohio. . . .16 — Dr. F, J. 
Lemoyne cremated at Washington, Pa .... 17 
— Death of Bishoji Whittingham, of Maryland 
. . .18 — Major Thornbnrgh's remains reach 
Rawlins, W. T . . .19 — One thousand persona 
drowned by floods in Spain . . .22 — Montauk 
Point, L. 1., sold to Arthur W. Benson, of 
Brooklyn, for $151,000 ...Jos. A. Bluirac 
quitted of Armstrong's murder. . . .23 — York- 
town, Va., centennial anniversary celebration 
. . . the Egyptian obelisk delivered to Amer- 
ican representatives. . . .26 — Tlie Ute Indians 
make overtures of peace.... 28 — Memphis 
fever quarantine raised. . . .29 — Robert Bon- 
ner's stock sale at N. Y. city. . . .Murderer 
Cox's appenl in Supreme Court. . .John BLicb 
wood, the English publisher, died.,.. 30— 
Marx will case opened at N. Y. city. . . .31 — 
Lady Gooch, wife of Sir Francis Gooch, died 
...General Joseph Hooker died.... Rev. 
Jacob Abbott, and J. B. Buckstone, the Eng- 
lish comedian, died. . . .November 1 — Senator 
Zachary Chandler died. . . .2 — I)isastrou3 fire- 
damp explosion in a coal mine at Mill Creek, 
Pa.... Mound City, 111., nearly burned.... 
4 — Alonzo B. Cornell elected Governor of 

Jfew York 5 — Rear Admiral William 

Reynolds, U. S. N., died. . . .6 — One hundred 
lives lost by floods in Jamaica . . . 7 — Fatal 
fire in Kansas City, Mo .... Steamship Arizona 
crushes into an iceberg off the Newfoundland 
coast. . . .Steamer C hampion sunk by ship 

Lad/ Octavia 14 — At a fire at No. 80 

Cannon street. New York, five persons are 
killed, including an entire family named 
Botzski, and Fireman Patrick J. Lvnch is 

badly injured 17 — Laying of the new 

French Atlantic telegraph table completed 
between Brest, France, and North Eastham, 
Ma.S3....18 — Steamer Shenandoah sunk in 
Indian Ocean. . . .19 — The statue of Gen. Geo. 

H. Thomas unveiled at Washington Rev. 

Ethan Allen, the oldest Episcopal minister in 

U. S.,died 20— Danish steamer Bellas lost 

. . .21— Wm. H. Vanderbilt sold $20,000.n00 
stock of New York Central Railroad. . . .22— • 



CHBONOLOGT. 



169 



Anti-renfc agitation iw Irelanrt. ... 24 — At 
Slijjo the examinatiou of the Irish State pris- 
oners is begun, Mr. Parnell attending. . . . 
John T. Delane, editor London Tunes, died.. . 
27 — Paris restored to the "fpgal title of capital 
of France. .. .Massacre of Ahmed Mukhtar 
Pasha, Turkish general, and his body guard 
in Montenegro. .. .29 — Cliilian Minister to 
England confirms the report that the Chilians 
have captured Iquique. . . .Alfonso XII., King 
of Spain, married to Archduchess Marie Chris- 
tina, of Austria, at Madrid. . . .3U — General 
Jeff C. Davis died. .. .December 1 — Second 
sessio 1 of the Forty-sixth Congress begun. . . . 
2 — Attempt made to kill the Czir of Russia 
by exploding an infern;il machine in the 
streets of Moscow. . . .3 — William C. Oilman, 
the forger, pardoned by Governor Robinson 
. . . .Y — Judge W. W. Ketcham, of Pennsyl- 
vania, died 8 — A. M. Lay, M. C, of Mis- 
souri, died at Washington, I). C. .9 — Mahmud 
Jan, the Afghan, defeats the British. . , .11 — 
Dr. Enoch Cobb Wines, prison reformer, died 
. ..12 — rhe town of Red Hock, Pa., destroyed 
by tire. . . .15 — Calcraft, noted English han:^- 
raan, died. . . .17 — News received of a crush- 
ing defeat of the Peruvian army by the 
iDhilians at the battle of San Francisco, Nov. 
26....Ayoob Khan, the Afghan Governor, 
deposed . . .22 — Judge Geo, P. Scarborough, 
of Virginia, died.... 23 — Gen. Roberts de- 
feats the Afghans on Cabul Heights ... 
Steamship Borussia foundered, 300 lives lost 

26 — John K. Hackett, Recorder of the 

<ity of New York, died. . . .27 — Edison, the 
Inventor, lights his laboratory with electric 
lamps. . . .2U' — In Scotland an entire railway 
iraiu and a portion of the Tay Bridge are 
precipitated into the river. . . .29 — Governor 
VanZaiicIt, of Rhode Island, accepts Russian 
mission. .. .30 — George, the Count Joannes, 
dies. . . .An unsuccessful attempt made to kill 
the King of Spain by shooting. . . .31 — Hon. 
George Smith Houston, United States Senator 

and ex-Governor of Alabama, died M. 

Ferdinand de Lesseps, promoter of the Isth- 
mus Canal project, received at A spinwall with 

enthusiasm The Afghan Sirdars, Nek 

Mahomet, brother of the late Ameer Shere 
All, aad his cousin, the Ulema Hussein Khan, 
and suite take refuge with General Kaufman 
in Tashkend. .. .Edison gives a public exhi- 
bition of his electric light and lamps at Menlo 
Park, N. J. . .William Hepworth Dixon, Eng- 
lish author, died. 

1880. 
January 1 — Morris Ketcham, New Tork 
banker, dies at the age of 84. . . .2 — Parnell 
and Dillon, Irish agitators and promoters of 
the Land League, arrive in New York, and in 
the course of the next two months visit all 
the principal cities of the country, endeav"- 
jng to ttir up hostility against the BritinL 
Go'pernment while professedly seeking aid fori 
tliOM suffering from famine in Ireland.,. ! 



S — Gilbert Haven, Methodist Bishop, dies at 
Maiden, Mass., aged 53.... The Chiliana de- 
stroy the facilities for loading guano from tha 
Lobos Islands .... 4 — Severe famine in Ar- 
menia. . . .5 — Several lives lost by the burn- 
ing of the Turn Hail, New York Five 

men kiUed by an explosion of celluloid in 

Newark, N. J Flight of President Prado 

of Peru President Daza of Bolivia de- 
posed. . .Death of George E. Locke (" Yankee 
Locke "), comedian, at Dracut, Mass., 62. . . . 
7 — Charles C. Colgate, N. Y. manufacturer, 
dies in Paris. . . .8 — The Montenegrins defeat 
12,000 Albanians near Gusinge. . . .Suicide 
and defalcation of Benj. C. Bogert, Treasurer 
N. Y, Produce Exchange. . . .9 — Erastua C. 
Benedict elected Chancellor, and David Mur- 
ray Secretary, of N. Y. Board of Regents of 
Uaiversity. .. .Lieut. -General Skobeloff, In- 
spector-General of Russian army, dies at St. 
Petersburg. . . .10 — San Salvador, the capital 

of Panama, ruined by an earthquake 

Henry Carter (Frank Leslie), publisher illus- 
trated periodicals, died in New York, aged 
59 .... 1 1 — Total eclipse of the sun carefully 

observed in California Baron de Lesseps 

welcomed by the Colombian officials. . . .Ter- 
rible floods in the Island of St. Kitts. W, I.; 
200 lives lost and $200,000 of property de- 
stroyed. .. .12 — Thomas Addis Emmot, civil 
engineer, died at Carmel, N. Y., aged 62. . . . 
13 — Courtesies to General Grant at Havana 
. . .Severe floods in New Grenada . . . .Gam- 
betta re-elected President French Chamber of 

Deputies 14 — Meeting of Am. Social 

Sci^iiof Association at Boston, and Nat. AgrU 

cvmcist Association at Washington 

I'rederich, Duke of Schlesevig-Holsteio, died 
at Wiesbaden, aged 51. . . .Countess Ida Ton 
Haher-Halen, authoress and traveller, died in 

London, 81 Martel re-elected President 

French Senate, . . .Irelandin a state of famine 
.... 15 — Joel Munsell, printer, publisher and 
antiquarian, Albany, died nt the age of 72... . 
17 — Major Monur defeats Victoria's Apaches 
in New Mexico ...Cornelius K. Stribling, 
Rear Admiral U. S. N., retired list, died at 
Martensburg, W, Va. . . .19 — Disagreement oC^ 
jury in Hayden murder trial at New Haven * 
Ccnn. .. .Three powder mills blown up it,4 
Green Co., Ohio; two men killed ...Dr. J. 
Winthrop' Taylor Medical Director, U. S. N., 
died in Boston, aged 64. . . .James D. Wesoott, 
ex-Governor of Florida, died in Montreal, 
aged 78 . . .20 — Gen. Grant welcomed at St 
Augustine, Fla., and subsequently visits moai 
of the southern^and western cities, where he 
is received with great honors. . .Capt. Homer 
C. Blake, U. S. N., died in New York, aged 
58 . . .21 — Seventy persons killed in a colliery 
explosion near Newcastle, England. . . .Three 
persons killed and thirty injured in the Rio 
Janeiro riots. . , .The Slavery Abolition Bill 
finally adopted by the Spanish cortes. . . .22 
— Severe shocks of earthquake in Cuba and 



iro 



CHRONOLOGY. 



the West Tiicli?3 ;3— Death of Rev. r.urr 

Baldwin, founder of Am. Sundfty-sohool sys- 
tem, and graduate of Yule in 1809, at Mon- 
trose, Pn., agrd 91 24 — Con^olidatioa of 

Union Pacific, Kanas Pacific and Denver Pa- 
cific Railroads. . . .25 — The difficulties be- 
tween the U. S. Government and the Ute In 

fdians satisfactorily settled M. Fouinicr, 

French V\ ar Miriister, commits su.cide. . . .26 
— The Pittsburg strike ends .. .tight lives 
loat by burning of steamer Charmer on Red 
River, Louisiana. . . .27 — Administraiion Pal- 
ace at J assy, ancient capital of Moldavia, 
burned. . . .28— French Chamber of Dqiudes 
adopts a bill restricting public meetings . . . 
James De Mille, author and novelist, Halifax, 
N. S., dies, aged 48. . . .J. G. B. Ponsonby, 
Earl of Bessborough, Eng., dies, aged 71. . . . 
29 — Loss of Russian transport with 2,000 
troops in Caspian Sea....l"ire damp explo- 
sion at Miessen. Saxony; ten lives lost.... 
Edward M. Barry, architect of the House of 
Parliame'it, England, died, aged 60. . . .Rich- 
ard Frothingham, historian and ex-Mayor of 
Charlestown, Mass., dies, aged 53. . . .30 — M. 
Leon Say elected President of tlie Frenc'.i 

Senate by Conservative Republicans 

Great hurricane in the Philit)|)ine Tslsinds... . 
Stewart Brown, banker (Brown Brothers), 
died in Nl-w York, aged 79 . . .'.',1 — Freeman, 
the Pocasset child murderer, sent to a lunatic 

asylum Acquittal of Mrs. Jennie Smith 

and Covert Bennett on third trial, in Jersey 
City, N. J. . . .February 1 — Great damage to 

property in Italy from floods Chilians 

capture Ilio....Gen. Comancho proclaimed 
President of Bolivi i . . .Earthquakes in Cuba 
....Adolph Gianier de Cassagnac, noted 
French journalist and politician, dies in Paris, 
aged 72. . . .2 — Arrival of Princess Louise at 
Halifax, N. S . . Dr. Siemens of Montreal 
claims priority in discovery of electric light 
...,3 — Nine persons burned to death in a 
negro cabin in South Corolina. . . .4 — Judge 
Sara IT. Huntington (Court of Claims), died at 
Hartford, Conn. . ..Seventy-two persons killed 
and 116 wounded by a railroad accident at 
Argenteuil, France. . . .Queen Victoria opens 

Parlia;::;ent in person 5 — Nordenskjold 

arrivL'S at the Suez Canal.... Ten Chinamen 
burned to death in a San Francisco wash- 
house. . . .Mardi Gras celebration in New Or- 
leans and Memphis. . . .Adolph E. Borie, ex- 
Secretary of the Navy, died in Philadelphia, 
aged 71 . . . .6 — Erup'.ion of Mount Vesuvius 
....10 — Burnin-r of California State Normal 

School ; loss $380,t)00 A catastrophe at 

Constantinople; 210 soldiers killed and 30.> 
wounded. . . .Provincial Parliament buildings 
at Victoria, Australia, burned .11 — ''Stand- 
ing Bear" relates the hardships of the Ponca 
Indians before the Senate Committee. , . .Dr. 
Williiim S. Clupley, Superintendent Cincin- 
nati Sanitarium, dies. .. .12 — Abraham Lin- 
coln's birthday celebrated in New York . . . 



A large grain elevator in Chicago blown 
down. . . .13 — Dr. Alexander Keitli, traveller 
and author, dies in London, aged 89 . . . 14 — 
Gi;n. Carlos Bulteriield, U. S A., died in 
Washington, aged 66... Nordersljold ar- 
rives at Naples and is warmly welcomed. . . . 
The Princess Louise injured at Ottawa, Ont. . . 
17 — James Lenox, founder Lenox Library, 
dies in New York, aged SO. . . Rev. J. B. 
Jeter, Baptist author and journalist, dies £.t 
Hichmond, at^ed 78... Attempt to assa-*i-- 
nate the Czar at St. Petersburg. . . .18 — The 
Inter-Oc 'anic Canal discussed in Congress. . . 
19 — Constautine l^rumidc, fresco painter to 
the Government, dies in Washingtun, aged 75 

20 — The alliance between Peru and 

Bolivia bioken. . . Ilhe Turconians defeated 
by the Russians . . 21 — The Hudson River 
opens its entire length . . 22 — Gen. Grant 
arrives at Mexico and is publicy welcomed.. . 
Colonel Syngeand wife are captured by Greek 
brigands ...Panchot wins a walking match 
in Boston Washington's birthday ob- 
served throughout thu' United States. . . 23 — 
A British ironclad ordered to talonica in 
consequence of tlie capture of Col. Synge .... 
Several students in Moscow arrested on a 
charge of setting fire to an academy. . . .24 — 
Freight trains running across the ice at Mon- 
treal.... An earthquake in Cuba . Arrival 
of Count de Less.^ps in New York city. . . .26 
— Gen. Louis MelekoiT appointed Military Di- 
rector in Russia . . 28 — Citizens of Kansas 
and Arkansas organizing to invade the In- 
dian Territory . . . A baud of Indians in New 
Mexico routed by U. S. troops... 29 — Mt. 
Sb, Gotham tunnel completed wiJi mhch re- 
joicing. . . .March 1 -William M. Wood, Sur- 
geon-General U. ». N., died at Owings Mills, 
Md., aged 72.... 2 — The famine in Ireland 

continues Grand military reception to 

General Grant in t!ie city of Mexico. . . .3 — 
Erastus Cooke appointed Judge of the Su- 
preme Court of N. Y., Second Judicial Dis- 
trict. . . .Attempt to assassinate Gen. Melelcoff 
in Russia. . . .5 — Isaiah C. Ilanscom, ex-Chief 
Bureau of Construction, Washington, D. C, 

died, aged 65 6^- Albert Grevy elected 

Life Senator in France 7 — Hon. E. B. 

Washburne delivered an orati(m in Chicago 
in honor of Adolph Cremieux, French states. 
man.... Great lire in St. Paul, Minn.; losi 
nearly a million. ..8 — Massing ot U. S. troooa 
in and near San Francisco as a piecaution 
against a labor riot . . .Costello, leader of the 
insnrgeuts, killed at Saint Domingo. .. .Mr. 
Parnell having spoken and asked contribu- 
tions in the principal cities of the U. S., both 
for the famine sufferers and the Land League, 

reaches Montreal 10 — De Lesseps and 

Capt. Eads before tho House Interoceanio 
Canal Committee. . . .11 — Mr. Parnell returns 
to New York and sails for Ireland . . .Bis- 
marck, Dakota, out of provisions in cons - 
queuce of a snow blockade.. .• .12 — Dennis 



CHKONOLOGT. 



171 



Keartey arrested for Sf^dition in San Fran- 
cisco. . . .snnw, rain and hail in Virginia. . . . 
Distress in Ireland increasing. . . .Gen. Grant 
welcomed at Pueblo, Mexico. .. .Chung, late 
Chinese Embassador to Russia, beheaded at 
Shanghai... 13 — An attempt to assasslna'c 

Mayor Baxter, of Louisville, Ky Lord 

Derby jiiins the Libe-als. . . .14 — Tlie Shereef 
o f Mecca assassinated by a Persian fanatic. . . 
15 — Debate on the Ferry Education b U in 
Paris, .. .Over 7,000 puddlers on strike in 
PenasylTania . . .Kearney sentenced to six 
months' imprisonment and $1,000 fine. . . .Id 
— The Crows aiid Sioux form an ar.iance. . . . 
Gonzales, who attempted the life of King Al- 
fo )S0, sentenced to death at Madrid. . . .17 — 
Gen. Skobeloff le-^ds an army against the Tur- 
comans. . . .Dr. Vielal becomes President of 
Uruguay. . . .Strike of piano-makers in New 
York.... .18 — Count Do Lesseps arrives at 
ISan Francisco. .. .A new planet discovered 
by Dr. Peters. . . .19 — The Ute investigation 
in progress in Wasiiin^ton . . Gen. Thomas 
L. Davies dies in Poughkeepsie, N". Y., aged 
88. . . Gen- Hector Tyndall died in Philadel- 
phia, Pa. . . .21 — Gen. Stewart's forces march 
on Ghuznee. . . .22 — The Frencli grape vines 
eufier groally from the cold. . . .A battle be- 
tween Indians near Atoka, Indian Territory 

23 — Gen. Grant publicly welcomed at 

Galveston, Tex A fight between Sioux 

and whites in Montana. . . .Thomas W. Olcott, 
banker, dies at Albany, N. Y., aged 85. . . . 
Chief Engineer Harman Newell, U. S. N., Nor- 
folk,.Va., died there. . . .24 — Mrs. May Agnes 
Fleming, novelist, died in Brooklyn, N. Y., 
aged 40. . . .25 — The ex-Empress Eugenie em- 
barks for South Africa. . . .27 — Six thousand 
chests of tea seized at Toronto, Ont. . . .The 
Cldlians advancing norfhward. .. .Petroleum 
for.nd in Alabama .... 3 1 — The Chinese and 
Cossacks have a skirmish on the Kuldja fron- 
tier. . . .Minister Faircbild presents his credei- 
ti;ds to King Alfonso at Madrid. ... .General 
Gra::t welcomed in New Orleans .... April ] — 
The Conservatives defeated in the Parliamen- 
tary elections in England. . . .4 — Forty-two 
persons kided by a colliery explosion at Au- 
derlues, Belgium. . . .Nordenskjold receives a 
hearty welcome at Paris. . . .The Chinese in- 
vade Siberia. . . .5 — The Cadet Wliitaker af- 
fair occurs at West Point.... 10 — Investi.'a- 
tiun of tlio West Point affair begins. . . .Hart 
(colored) wins the O'Leary belt in the walk- 
ing match 10 — Seven hundred people 

buried alive as a sacrifice in Burmah. . . .The 
Chilians blockade Calloa. . . .10 — Gov. Wm. 
A. Howard, of Dakota, died at Wash., D. C. . . 
11 — Rev. Dr. W. S. Hutton, Dutch Reformed 

divi.ic, died at New York 12— Elliott C. 

Cowdin, ex-Asscmblyman and financier, died 

at New York, aged 61 13 — Gen. Grant 

welcomed at Memphis, Tenn. . . .14 — A ehoek 
of e.irthquake at San Francisco. . . .Samuel 
Osgood, D. D., LL.D„ died at New York, aged 



C3 . . . .Robert Fortnn'^, botanist, London, died, 
aged 67.... 16 — Mahommed Jan, the Afghan 

chief, flees to Ghiiznce 10 — Ex-Empresa 

Eugenie arrives at Capo Town . . .Twenty- 
seven livcj lost by a powJer-raill explosion at 
Berkeley, Cal. . . .18 — .V fi rce tormdo and 
hurricane at Mis-.o iri ; 18) kille 1 and 200 in- 
jured . Lord Be iconsfud.l holds an auJienc(»^ 
witli the Q eeu and resigns ai Pr'niii-r . . . j *» 
— Gen. Joseph W. Revei'O, djscen-.lant of Pa. I 
liHvere, die I at Hoboken, N. J., aged 73. . . . 
20 — Beacon-sfielil's resignation acce[)ted. . . . 
21 — Fall of the MadisonSquare Gar len build- 
ing in N. Y., kUhng 5 persons and injuring 22 
....21 — Queen Victoria ill ...The Berlin 
fi-h show opens. . . .The relief ship Conttella- 
fiou arrives at Queenstown. . . a $2,000,000 

fire at Hull, Ont 22— Q een Victoria in- 

structs Lord Hartingloa to form a ministry. . . 
23 — Gen. Stewart routs the Afghans near 
Ghuznee. .. .Charles De Yoang, editor Saji 
Francisco Chronicle, killed by L M. Kalloch, 

son of the Mayor of San Francisco The 

steamer Strasburg brings 1,914 emigrants 
from Bremen to Baltimore. . . .24 — Mr. Glad- 
stone undertakes to form a ministry at the in- 
stance of Queen Victoria. . . .Nordenskjold has 
a magnificent welcome at Stockholm, Sweden 
Ezra French, second auditor U. S. Treas- 
ury, Was'jington, D. C, died 26 — Joseph 

Seligman, banker, diodatl^ew Orlean.s, La., 
aged 61 . . .Six men drowned in the Shagifc 

river, Washington Territory 28 — Mr. 

Gladstone succeeds in f )rming a ministry. . . . 
29~The British Parliament formally opened 

30 — Michael De Young arrested for al- 

leixed libel oa Mayor Kalloch. .. .May 1 — 
Methodist General Con fere:ice meets at Cin- 
cinnati Major General Smmei P. Hentzel- 

raan, U. S. A., dies at Washington, D. C.,aged 
75. . . .2 — A riot at Pater -on, N. J., in conse- 
quence of a murder. . .4 — .The German Reich- 
s*ag passes the Anti-Socialist i>ill....5 — A 
deficit discovered in the East India finances 
. . . .8 — The Irish famine incn'asng . . l^rge 
conflagrations in the oil regions of Pennsyl- 
vania U. S. troops attack Victoria's band 

(Apaches), near Rock Creek Canon, Colorado^ 
....C. F. A. Peters, director Astronomicali 

Observatory, died at Kiel Prussia 9 — 

George Brown, life Senator a id journalist, 

died at Toroi'to, Can 80 houses and 7,00i> 

barrels of oil burned at Rixf rd. Pa. . . Tho 
village of Kinderhook, N. Y., nearly destroyed 
by fire . . .11 — Annual dinneroftne Chamber 
of Commerce in N. Y. City. .. .Famine in 
Persia increasing. . . .12 — An atierapt to kill 
the Spanish Consul-Genaral in New York by 
means of an infernal machine. . . .A fira a* 
Bordeaux causes the loss cf $400,000 ...The 
Bulgarians p'I'lage nine 'iurkish villages. . . . 
12,000 mill operatives strike at Birmingham, 
Eng. ....13 — Isabella Johnston, ceutvnarian, 
dies at Toronto, aged 110 ...The village of 
Stuyvesant, N. Y., destroyed by fire; loss. 



172 



CHEONOLOGY. 



$1,800,000. . , .Large fires in fh-j oil regions of 
Pennsylvania, and destructive forest fires in 
Kew Jersey. . . .14 — The town <f Milton, Pa., 
destroyed by fire; 8,000 people liomele-s; 

Joss, $1,800,000 Run. Sat.f .id E. Church, 

Chief Judge of Court of Appeals, N. Y.. died 
at Albion, N. Y., aged 65 . . .15 — Massacre <f 
niners by the Utes in Colorado. .. .Fifteen 
ives lost by a boiler explosion in Walsall, 
'Eng. ...18 — Funeral of Judge Church at Al- 
bion, N. Y 19 — Ilenry S. Foote (Hang- 
man Foote), ex-Governor of Mississippi, ex- 
U. S Senator and ex-Rebel, died at Nashville, 
Tenn., aged 80. . . .20 — British Parliament )'e- 
aeserables. . . .21 — Labor troubles at Omaha, 
Neb . .Chinese Embassy to Mexico arrive at 
Mazatlan. . . .22 — Sixty negroes si art for Li- 
beria from Arkansas. ,. .Seventy buildings 
burned at Edinburgh, Pa . . 23 — A serious 
railroad accident at Santa Cruz, Cal. . . . 25 — 
M. Leon Say elected President of French 
Senate. . . .28 — A fierce rain storm in Texas ; 
eeveralpeojjle drowned. . . .29 — Mint^r's strike 
at Leadville, Col. . . .Indian outbreak in the 
North Park. . . .The Chilians capture Tucna. . 
30 — J, R. Planche, author and play writer, 
died in London, tng., aged 83..., June 1 - 
Miners' strike at Leadville ended ...2 — The 
famine in Asia continues. .. .3 — Situation in 
Tuikey critical. . . .Midhat Pasha resigns as 
Governor of Syria. . Henri Rochefort wounded 

\n a duel near Geneva, Switzerland The 

Empress of Russia dies at St. Petersburg, 

aged 54 Col. J. C. Audenreid, U. S. A., 

dies at Washington, D. C . , .7 — The Chilians 
capture Aiica, Peru. .. .John Brougham, ac- 
tor, and Bri:^adier-Generul Frederick Yilmar, 

48 years old, both die in N. Y. City 8 — 

Elizabeth, N. J., celebrates the battle of 

Elizabethtown Nomination of James A. 

Garlit'ld for President in Chicago. . . .9 — Five 
fraudulent medical colleges discovered in 
Philadelphia. . . .Funeral of the Czarina at St. 

Petersburg 10 — Cabul evacuated by the 

British. . . .Great damage done by the army 
worm in Monmouth and Ocean Counties, N. 
J, and on Long Island. ...11 — Said Pasha 
^ 'pointed Premi-T of Turkey. . . .An Ameri- 
/t in schooner fired upon by a Spanish war ves- 
sel. . . .Collision between steamers Narragan- 
sett and Stonington on Long Island Sound; 
BO persons killed and missing, and several in- 
jured. .12 — Death of George Opdyke, banker. 
N. Y., aged 74. . . And ex-Governor and ex- 
M. C. Albert G Brown, Jackson, Miss., aged 
1)7. . . .Great destruction caused by an oil fire 
at Titusville, Penn 13 — James A. Bayard, 
ex-O. S, Senatof, dies nt "Wilrainj^ton, Del., 
aged 81 ...14 — The American Rifle Team 
arrive at Queen.?town, and Iho next day at 
Dublin. . . .The army worm continues its rav- 
ages in New Jersey aiid Delaware. .. .15 — 
Death of Rev. Henry A. Hoardman, D. D., at 
Phil nlclphia. Pa. . . .IG — The Supplementary 
C^oafarence meets at Jicrliix, Prussia. .. .17 — 



Buenos Ayres secedes from Argentine Con. 

federation 18 — Death of Gen. John A. 

Sutter, discoverer of gold in California, nt 

Washington, aged 77 19 — Army worm 

ravaging Southern Connecticut. . . .U. S. Fish 
('omrnis.sion report twenty milliona shad 
hatched the past year.... 20 — Death of Ruv. 
Samuel R. Brown, missionary to China and 
Japan, at Monson, Mass., aged 69. . . .03 per. 
sons killed by a storm and water spout, near 
Dresden, Germany. .. .21 — The Howate <x. 
pcdition sails fiom Washington. . .TheFronch 
Amnesty bill passed by Chamber of Dep- 
uties. . . ..Charles Bradlangh, M. P., unseated 
. . .22 — George Merriam, publisher Webster's 
Dictionary, died at Springfield, Mass. . . .24 — 
Fire in Philadelphia kills several firemen. . . . 
25 — Steamer Dessoug leaves Gibraltar with 
obelisk on board. . . 2G — Many Cuban insur- 
gents surrender at Santiago de Cuba. . . .East 
Roumelian militia guilty of great atrocities 
toward the Turks. .. .28 — Steamer Seawan- 
haka burned on Long Island Sound ; 60 lives 
lost. .. .Tanner's forty days fast begun.... 
8,000 people on a strike at Moscley, Eng. . . . 
29 — Irish rifle team defeated by 12 points... . 
30— S. B. "Woolworth, Secretary Board of Re- 
gents, died at Brooklyn, a<;ed 80. . . .July 1 — 
Yale crew wins annual college boat race, de- 
f ating Harvard. . . .Steamer blown up at 
Minneapolis, Minn.; 4 killed, several injured 
. . . .Meeting at Bordeaux to promote Franco- 
American treaty. . . .2 — Mr. Bradlaugh again 
takes his seat in Parliament .. .3 — French 
Senate rejects Amnesty Bill. . . .Buenos Ayres 
continues to make warlike preparations. . . .4 
— George Ripley, journalist and critic of note, 
dies in New York, aged 78. .. .5— Gonzales 

elected President of Mexico Gen. Grant 

at Emporia, Kansas. . . .6 — Rev. Lamas Sears, 
D.D., LL.D., eminent scholar, agent of Pea- 
body Fund, dies at Saratoga, aged 78.... 
Moreno chosen Governor of Buenos Ayres. . , 
7 — Turkey and Greece preparing for war. . . . 
8 — Gen. Grant Avelomed at Sa:;ta Fe, N. M. 
. . . The French Senate pa^sthe Amnesty bill 

10 — General amnesty proclaimed in 

France. . . .One hundred and thirty-five deaths 
from sunstroke in New York city.... 11 — 
Death of Isaac Periere, French banker, in 
Paris, aged 71. . . .Death of Joseph H. Chand- 
ler, M. C. and journalist, at Philadelphia, aged 

88 . ... 12— Chilian fleet before Callao 

Death of Tom Taylor, dramatic and comic 
author, in London. . . .13 — An earthquake at 
Memphis, Tenn. . . .15 — Great colliery explo- 
sion at Risca, South Wales; 118 killed. .. . 
16 — William F. De Haas, artist, died at Fayal, 
Azores, aged 50. ...17 — Prince (iunther, of 
Scliwarzburg-Sonduhausen, abdicates on ac- 
count of ill-health 19— A $300,000 fire in 

New York city. . . .Death of Earl of Kintire, 
M. P. Liberal, at London, asred C2. . . .Death 
of Count Louis F. do Ponitak at Beverly, 
Mass., aged 47. . .20 — Steamer Dessoug, with 



CHRONOLOGY. 



173 



Egyptian obelisk, arrives in Xew Yor\ city 
....21 — Americans win the rifle match at 
"Wimbledon. . . .Death of Earl of Dalhousie ia 
London... .Accident at the Hudson hiver 
Tunnel, Jersey City; 21 men suffocated.... 
22 — Steam yacht cut in two on Detroit river ; 
16 piTsons drowned. . . . Another earthquake 
at Manilla, Philippine Islands. .Abdurrahman 
Khan recognized as Ameer of Afghanistan by 
the British forces. .. ,25 — Famine in Ireland 
cnsidered at an end. . . .Eruption of Mount 
Vesuvius. .. .Eartliquake in Sfaples. . . .26 — 
Ayoob Khan assembles 4,000 soldiers in Af- 
ghanistan. .. .28 — Gen. Burrows' forces in 
Afghanistan defeated by Ayoob Khan's army 

29— Large fire in Buffalo; loss, $225,0^0 

.30 — I'art of Victoria's band repulsed by 

Col. Grierson's command. . . .31 — The Prin- 
cess Louise and Prince Leopold leave Quebec 

for England August 1 — Large fire in 

Tahoma Citj^ Cal.; loss. 120,000 Repub- 

iieans successful in the French elections. . . .2 
Sir Bartle Frere recalled from South Africa. . 
5 — An armed body forming in Texas to invade 
Mexico. . . 6 — Victoria's band crosses the 
Ptio Grande. . . ,7 — The Russian harvest turns 

out poorly 8 — Dr. Tanner completes his 

forty days fast. . . .10 — Marshal Bazaine dies 
nt Limoges, France. ...12 — A railway ac- 
cident at May's Landing, N. J.; thirteen kilLd 
and fourteen injured. .. .The Chamber over- 
thrown in Buenos Ayres. . . .13 — A fight be- 
tween Montenegrins and Albanians at Pod- 
gor^tza. . . .Chili negotiating with Bolivia for 
peace. . . .Maud S. and St. Julien each trot a 
miic in 211 S-4. . . .Fifteen persons injured by 
a railroad accident at Spring Valley, N. J .. . . 
14 — A coal train falls through a bridge at 

Harrisburgh, Pa The Cologne Cathedral 

completed. . President Avellaneda, of Buenos 
Ayres, resigns. .. .15 — Adelaide Neilson, ac- 

ti-ess, dt'S in Paris,, aged 82 Viscount 

Stratford de Redcliffe (>ir Stratford Canning), 
long Britis'i Embassador to Turkey, dies at 
London, aged 92 . . 16 — Herschel V. Johnson, 
ex-Governor and ex-U, S. Senator, dies in 
Jefferson County, Georgia, aged 68. . . .Fifteen 
farms in Lancashire, England, infected with 

plcuro-pneumonia Grand Conclave of 

Kniglits Templar at Chicago, 111.... 17 — Eu- 
reka, Nev., loses $1,000,000 by a fire Dip- 
lomatic relations established between Rou- 
mauia and the United States. . . .18 — Vioknt 

riots at Dungannon, Ireland 19 — 

Candaliar bombarded Alleged diseov- 

•^'■y ^^ gold and silver mines in Hamilton 
County, i\. Y. . . .20 — Two immense oil tanks 
on lire at Bradf ird, Pa. . . .Eighteen hundred 
hostile Sioux surrender at Fort Kcogh, Mon- 
tana An earthquake in Cuba 21 — 

Brownsville, Tex;\s, nearly destroyed by a 
s'orm. . . .23 — A large fire at St. Paul, Minn.; 

loss, $500,000 24— D.'ath of Gen. Albert 

J. Meyer, U. S. A., Chief Signal Officer, at 
Buffalo, N. Y., aged 52 26— A yacht up- 



sets at Roclfaway; six men drowned. .. .J» 
maica devasted by a hiu-ricane. . . .Rev. W. B 
Hodgson, Prof. Economic Science, dies at 
Edinburgh, Scotland. . . .Death of Ouray, Ute 
chief, at Los Pinos Agency, Colorado, aged 65 
. . . .27 — St. Julien trots a mile in 2.11 1-4, at 

Charter Oak Park, Hartford, Conn 29 — 

Sanford R. Gifiord, N. A. artist, JS'ew York, 
died at the age of 57. . . .Dr. I harles T. Jack) 
son (lied at Somerville, Mass., aged 75... > 
steamer Marine City burned at Alcona, Mici'.; 
several lives lost. . . .The U'.es choose Sapa- 
vanari as Ouray's succtssor. . . .30 — A colli- 
sion at Bridgeport, Conn.; several persona 

killed Ex-Gove^nor Paul 0. Hebert, ol 

Louisiana, died at New Orleans, aged 68.... 
81 — Three large Jesuit colleges cksed in 
France. . . .The Irish Constabulary bill passes 

the House of Commons Rev. William 

Adams, D.D., LL.D . Piesident Union Theol. 
Seminary, dies at Orange Mountain, K. J., 

aged 73 September ] — Wreck of the 

steamer City of Vera Cruz off St. Augustine, 
Fla.; about seventy lives lost. . .Gen. Roberts 
enters Caudahar unojposed. . . .2 — A ftarful 
cyclone in the Gulf of Mexico. . . .The battle of 
Sedan commemorated by the Germans... 3 
--General Roberts d mands Ayoi b Khan's 
surrender. . . 4 — A fire at Sidamanca, N. Y., 
destroys property to the value of $159,000. . . 
5— A ^350,000 fire at Mobile, Ala. . .F. urteen 
war vessels of the allied fleet at Hogusa. . . 7 
— The Greek arii:y reuniting. .. .8 — An ex- 
plosion at Sishan colliery, near Durham, 

SVales, kills 147 men Id — Death of Rev. 

P. B. Aydelotte, D. D., at Cincinnati, ag( d 85 
. . . .11 — Death of Marshall 0. Robert-^, finan- 
cier, (fee, at Saratoga Springs. .. .Death of 
Gen. Bushrod Johnson, C. S. A., at Brighton, 
III, aged C3 . , 1 2— A revolt at Herat ; the Gov- 
ernor killed 13— The battle of Korth Point 

commemorated at Baltimore. .. .The Sultan 
of Turkey rebuked by the Imanns of the 
Mosque 15 — The French take possession 
of the Society Isles. . . The town of Seymour, 
Conn., nearly destroyed by fire... IG — The 

River Ouse ovtrflows 17 — Explosion at 

Bridgeport, Conn.; nine men killed. .. .ISine 
men killed by the breaking of a cable in tha 
Consolidated Imperial Mine, Col. . . 18 — Half 
the city of East Las Vegas, N. M., destioyed 
by fire. . .19 — Maud S. trots a mile in 2.10 3-4 
at Chicago, 111 . . Death of Lafayette S. Por- 
ter, ex-Judge, U, S. Senator and Vice-Presi- 
dent of U. S., dies at Norwich, Conn., rgcd 74 
. .M. de Freycinct. French Premier, resigns. . 
2' I — Destructive floods in England. . . . A new 
French ministry formed with Jules Ferry as 
Premier. .. .21 — Great slaughter of Afghans 
at the battle of Kush-i-na Khud! . . .22 — The 
Pan Presbyterian Council opens at Philadel- 
phia. .. .2o — Anniversary of the captu e of 
Andre at Tarrytown, N. Y. . . . Return of the 
Schwatka Arctic Exploration Expedition to 
New York 24— A fire in Brooklyn, N. Y., 



m 



OHEONOLOQY. 



causes a loss of $360,000. . . .Cuban insurgent 
chief, Carillo, surrenders. . . .27 — The murder 
of Lord Mountmorris alarms Irish landowners 
. . . 30 — Presidcni flayea arrives at Port'and, 
Or. . . .October 1 — Opening of the Melbourne 

(Australia) ( xhibition 2 — Death of Key. 

Samuel Hanson Cox, D.D., LL.D., at Broux- 
vi.le, Westehes er Co., N. Y., aged 81. .Death 
of Wm. A. Halloct, D. D., one of the founders 
of Am. Tract Society, N. Y. . .8— The Powers 
again demand the surrender of Dulcigno. . . . 
A new and rich lode discovered in the Xavier 
Mine, Arizona. . . .4 — The Presidential party 
ascend the Columbia River, Oregon. . . .Gari- 
baldi welcomed at Genoa, Italy. ..The Chinese 
make warlike preparations. . . .5 — Thomas 
Ilnjihes, M. P , opens a new colony in Ten- 
nessee, called Rugby. . . .Jacques Offenbach, 
French musician and composer (opera bouffe), 
dies at Paris, aged 61.... 6 — A fatal cattle 
disease appears in Virginia. . . .Two mills 
burned at Lowell, Mass. . . .Death of Professor 
Benjamin Pierce, LL.D., F. R. S., of Harvard 
University, at Boston, Mass., aged 71 years 
. . .Y — Celebration of the Centennial anniver- 
sai-y of the battle of Kings Mountain, at 
Charleston, S. C. . ..A severe gale at Penzance, 
England. . .The funeral services of OfFeuhaoh, 
thj violinist, observed with great solemnity 
in Paris .. .Riots and strikes in Russia.... 
9 — Feari'ul accident at Pittsburg, Pa.; twefity- 
CUH persons killed. . . .The Chilians bombard 
Chorillos end A neon . . 10 — President Guardia, 
of Costa Rica, proclain:s himself a dictator . . . 
11 — I;aUimore celebrates the one hundred 
and fiftieth anniversary of its foundation. . . . 
The Kurds burn one hundred and fifty Per- 
sian villages 12 — The Sultan orders the 

surrender of Dulcigno Ten meu kille.d 

by the flooding of a nunc in Nova Scotia 

The Basutes routed in an attack on Masiru, 
South Africa. . . .13 — General Rocca installed 
President of the Argentine (""onfederation .... 
14 — General Grant meets with a warm recep- 
tion at Boston. . . .15 — 'Ihe completiiin of the 
Cologne Cathedral celebrated with great 
Bplendor. . . .The Albanians persist in retain- 
ing Dulcizno. . . .IP — General Grant enthusi- 
astically welcomed at Ilarttbrd, Conn . . Heavy 
wind and snowstorm in the Northwest. . . IT — 
Six thousand bales of cotton burned at 
Charlest-n, S. C. . . 20 — Five persons burned 
to death at a fire at Cincinnati, O. . . .PulKica- 
tion of the forged Morey left r . . .Mrs. L3(lia 
Alaria Child, author and philanthropist, dies 

at Wiiyland, Mass., aged 18 Rt. Hon. A. 

n. Tliesiger, Lord justice Court of Appeals, 
dies in London, a2,"ed 42.... 22 — Erastus C. 
Benedict, Judge-Chancellor Univ, of New 

York, dies in N. Y., aged 80 Rev. Wm. S. 

Plummer, D.D , LL.D., Theol. Professor, &c., 

dies in Baluraore, Md., aged 18 23 — 

Iquiqne, Peiu. destroyed by fire. . . .25 — Ne- 
goti.itions for the surrender of Dulcigno re- 
sumed in Montenegro 26— Henri Fred. 



Schopin, French painter, (fies in LondtMi, i^gfl 

16 27 — Mile. Bernhardt arrives in mw 

York. . . .The Irish Land League makes an 
ajipeal for aid.... The Kurds within thirty 
mill's of Tabre:z, Persia. . . . Edward D. Mans- 
field, LL.D., journalist (" Veteran Observer"), 
dies at Morrow, O., aged 1'.) — 28— Edward Se- 
guin, M. D., founder of Institutions for Idiot 
Training, philantnropist and author, dies in 
N. Y. city, aged 69 . . A riot at Canton, Chioa ; 
several French priests ki led . . . 29 — The vih 
ItJge of the Basuto chief stormed and burned 
by the Cape troops.... 80 — Victoria's band 
kill several men on the Mexican frontier. . , • 
November 1 . . . .Riot at Denver, Col. . . .Der- 
vish Pasha, the new Governor of Albania. 
arrives ut Dulcigno .... A new Servian min- 
isiry formed . . .2 — Princess Olga, of Greece, 
dies nt Athens. . . .Day of Presidential elec' 
tion ; James A. Garfield, of Ohio, elected 
President, and Chester A. Arthur, of New 
York, Vice President, receiving 214 of the 
369 electoral votes.... 3 — Thirteen persons 
killed by the bi caking of the hoLsting appa- 
ratus at a collie ly at Mons, Belgium. . . .Lay- 
cock defeats Riley in a boat rnce on the 
'ihames. . . .Rowell wins the Astley belt in 
London . . . .The steamer Rhode Island wrecked 
off Bonnet Point, N. J . . . .The Franco-Anicn 
ican Treaty Commission meets in Wasliington 
. . . .7 — A c met discovered by Prof. Lohse. . 
Sheik Abdullah repulsed W7th great loss in 
Persia.... 8 — Great excitement in Ireland, 
and several land meetings held denouncing 
the Government . . .9 — A cabinet crisis in 
France . . A shock of earthquake felt in 
Austria; two hundred houses ruiiied. . . .The 
schooner Norway foundered on tlie co.ist of 
Ontario and eight lives lost . . .19— Lueretia 
M'.tt, pliilanthr^ipist and reformer, dies at 
I'liiladelphia, Pa., aged 87. . . A terrible acci- 
dent at Bordell City, Pa.; eight men killed . . . 
Cyelono at Keatchie, La.; several persons 

killed 11 — A cannon '^xplodes at Safe 

Harbor, Pa., and kills several persons .... 1 2 — 
Fixty-six men killed by a colliery explosion 
at Stellarton, Nova Scotia. . . .Dervish Pasha 
orders the Albanians to surrender Dulcigno. . 
Fifteen Nihilists found guilty in St. Peters- 
burg.... 13 — The Kurds routed at Urumiah, 
Persia. . . .The crew of the stranded bnr.k 
Formosa mutiny. .14 — The St. Peters (Minn.» 
]:i.';ane Asylum burned and a number of in ' 
mates perish ...Dr. C C. Crosby, inventor' 
dies in lirookh n, ao^ed 67. . . .Scarcity of food 
leads three thousand people to leave Dulcigno 
. . . .17 — Cc'ebration of the birth of the Span- 
ish princess begun in Cuba. ...18— Tiie St. 
Etienne (Friince) sugar factory burned ; loss 

l,0()<»,00i» fr.mcs The Chilian squadron 

sails from Valparaiso for Lima, Peru. . . .First 
appearance of Sara Bernhardt in New York. . . 
19 — Ross and Laycock the winners in the 
Tliaiues boat races.... 20 — Dervish Pasha'a 
troops surrounded by Albanians Michael 



CHEONOLOGT. 



175 



Davitt, the agitator, arrives at Cork — The j lost by a colliery explosoin at Rhoudda YaU 
Lotus Club of New York city give General ley, Wales .. .Another earthquake at Agram, 



Brant a dinner James D. Williiims (" Blue 

Jenus "), Governor of Indiana, dies at Indian- 
Bpcdis. aged 12. . . .Lord Chief Justice Alex- 
ander J. E. Cockburn dies in London, aged 72 
. . . .Rev. D. U. Dorsett, centenarian, dies in 
Elgin, 111., aged 100 . . 21 — The Persians de- 
stroy twenty-five Kurdish villages. .. .Field 
Marshal Gen. Sir Charles Yorke, constable of 



Croatia . . .0. V. Winchester, inventor of the 
Winchester rifle and head of the Winchester 
Rifli- Co., died in New Haven, Ct., aged 71. . . 
11 — S''f50,0i)0 worth of property burned at 
Pensacola, Fla. . . .Gen. Grant at Paterson, 
N. J.... 12 — Madame Thiers, widow of the 
ex-President, dies in Paris. . . .13 — Secretary 
Thompson retires from the Cabinet. . . .14 — A' 



the tower, dies in London, aged 90. . . .22 — i boiler explosion at Louisville, Ky., injures 
Mrs. Sitrah Pittoek, centenarian, Pittsburg, ' several persons. .. .Minister Longstreet pre- 



Oregon, dies at the age of 100. . . .Statue of 
Alexander ILimilt:>a unveiled in Central Park, 
. New York city. ..23— Extremely cold weather 
throaj:hout the United States. . . .24 — Dervish 
Pasha captures Dulcigno after a slight engage- 
uient. . . .The French steamer Uncle Joseph 
sunk by a collision off the coast of Greece ; 

250 lives lost 25— Over one thousand 

bnats blockaded by ice in the Erie and Champ 
\ain canals. .. .Several mills at Troj', N. ,\'., 
suspend on account of low water. .27 — Lieuc- 
Gov. Geo. B. Robinsun accidentally shot in 
Lt'adville, Col . . .A revolt in Albania against 
the Turks . . . 28 — Sixty laborers buried imder 

\ snow slide at Colorado 29 — A fire at 

iV'est Point, Va., causes a loss of $250,000... . 
Archbishop of Goa, primate of the East, dies 
in Goa, India. . . .The British army in Ireland 
reinforced ...30— Sheik Abdullah harassing 

the Persians near Urumiah Leadville 

draped in mourning on account of Lieut. -Gov. 
George B. Robinson's murder. .. .Announce- 
ment that treaties have been made with China 
. . . .December 1 — Six inches of snow at Al- 
bany. . . .A tobacco factory destroyed by fire 

at Naples, Italy ; loss, $1,000,000 francs 

Captain Eads arrives in Mexico. . . .President 
Gonzales, of Mexico, inaugurated. . . .2 — Five 
hundredth anniversary of the translation of 
the Bible into English by Wj^cliffe. . . .Great 
meeting at Academy of Music, New York, 
under direction of Am. Bible Society; orution 

by R. S. Storrs, D.D., LL.D 3— Admiral 

Sevmour announces the dissolution of the 
combined fleet. . . .4 — The Kearsarge Mills at 
Portsmouth, N. H., burned; loss, $500,000.. . 

5 The Ba«uto3 routed by the Colonial 

troops at Napsuog. . . .6 — Brig.-Gen. William 
B. Hazen appointed Chief Signal Officer, vice 
Mvor, decea-ed. . . .7 — The hostile feeling be- 
tween Turkey and Greece increasing. . . .Fail- 
ure of B. G. Arnold & Co. and others, great 
tea and cofiBe merchants, in New York ... .A 
loss of $300,000 occasioned by a fire in 

0:i),iha, Neb Death of Dr. Edward M. 

Lixon, a noted medical author, in New York, 

aged 72 8 — Boiler explosion at Orange. 

Mass.; six persona killed and several wounded 
. . . .The epizooty prevalent r.t Ottawa, Ont. . 
an earthquake at Agram, Croatia. . . .9 — Peace 
restored in Kurdistan....!'' — Extreme cold 
ia the North aad West. , . .One hundred lives 



sents his credentials to the Sultan of Turkey 
....Resignation of Associate Justice Strong 
from U. S. Supreme Court.. . . .15 — Balthazar 
i uon Compagni, Italian scientist and author, 
dies at Turin, aged 69.... 16 — A defect dis- 
covered in the new Capitol at Albany. . .Ova- 
tion to General Grant in Conirress. . . .ITie 
ChUians capture Pisco, Peru, without resist- 
ance... 19 — Michel Chusles, mathematician, 
(lied in Paris, aged 87.... 20 — A destructive 
fire in Rangoon, Burmah. .Francis Trevelvan 
Buckland, A. M. M. R. C. S., F. R. S., a dis- 
tinguished naturalist, died in London, aged 54 
. . . .21 — A strike at Fall River c; mmeuces. . . 
Great ice harvest on the Hudson.... A. T. 
Ackerman, ex-U. S. Attorney-General, dies at 

Carlesville, Ga., aged 59 22— A train falls 

into a chasm at Charlotte^ N. C. .. Judge 
Wm. B. Woods, of Alabama, confirmed as Jus- 
tice Strong's successor. . . .Mrs. Marian Evans 
Cros? (George Eliot), eminent novelist, died in 
London, Eng., aged 60. . .Eugene F. William- 
son ("Gentleman Joe"), a noted fcrger, died 
in Sing Sing Prison. . . .23 — Marriage of Miss 
Flora Sharon, daughter of U. S. Senator 
Sharon, to Sir Thomas Hesketh, an English 
baronet, at Belmont, Cal. .25 — M. Auderwert, 
Swiss President-elect, commits suicide. . . .26 
— Rey. E. 11. Chapin, D. D., Universalist di- 
vine and orator, died in New York, aged 65. . 
27 — John J. Mechi, eminent English agricul- 
turist, died in London, aged 78 — The editor 
of the Socorro (New Mexico) Sun murdered. . 
Aleko Pasha tenders his resignation as Gover- 
nor of Roumelia. . . .28 — Serious trouble in 
Las Vegas and Socorro, N. M. . . .Celebration' 
of the 250th anniversary of the settlement of 
Cambridge. Mass. . . .Chief Justice May retires' 
from the Queen's Bench in Dublin.... 29 — 
Revolt of Boers in the Transvaal ; the town of 

Derby captured 30 — Two large liotela 

burned at Atlantic City, N. J ...Benj. E. 
Phelps, District Attorney N. Y. Co., dies in 
N. Y., aged 48 . . .Epes Sargent, author, dies 
in Boston, aged 66.... Louis A. D. Blanqui, 
French communist and socialist, dies in Paris 
. .. .The Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, diovl 

at New Strelitz 31— The Boers hold the 

town of Pretoria w.th 2,500 men. . . .Erasmus 
D. Hudson, physician, lecturer, &c., died at 
Riverside, Conn., aged 75. 



176 



CHRONOLOGY. 



1881. 

Janiiarv- 2 — Mount St: Vincent's build- 
ings in Central Park destroyed by fire ... 
5 -Blajiqai's funeral, in Paris, attended by 
30,000 people . t>— The English Parlia- 
ment opened by Commission 10— Ex- 

Judj^e Benjamin Nott, a son of the late 
iPresident Noit, of Union College, died in 
.his 81st year.... 12 — The Marquis d'Apre- 
'mont died in a wretched hovel in this city 

...13 — Governor Churchill, of Arkansas, 
inaugurated . . . Mr. John Ballard, one ot 
the oldest leather merchants in this city, 
died at his residence in Brooklyn . . Beiu 
hardt, the murderer of his wife, hanged at 
Staten Island Dr. J. L. Vattier, the sur- 
vivor of the seven members of the Last 
Mun'ij Society, formed in 1832, died m (Cin- 
cinnati ...16— Dr. Fowler, author of an 
English grammai" and several other works, 
and son-in-law of Noah Webster, died. . . 
17 — Kev. Dr. Humphrey Loyd, provost of 
Trinity College, Dublin, died in his 81st 
year ...18— Thomas Stoner, lord-in-wait- 
ing for many years to Queen Victoria, with 
whom and Prince Albert he was a favorite, 
died i J his 84th year 19 — Mariette Bey, 
the Egyptologist, died at Cairo, Egypt, in 
his 60ch year . . . .20 — Great snow storm in 
England, the snow in some places seven to 
eight feet dee p.... 22 — Sothern, the actor 
(Lord Dandreary), died... The obelisk 
placed in position in Central Park. . . 26 — 
The English House of Commons adjourns 
after a session of twenty-four hours. 28 — 
Aaron B. Hayes, cashier of the North Ptiver 
Bank, and the oldest cashier in the United 
States, died in his 78th year . . .February 1 
— Mrs. S. C. Hall, the author, died in Lon- 
don, in her 76th year. .. .2— Disastrous 
floods throughout Spain ...The House of 
Commons adjourns after a session of forty- 
one hours, the longest deliberative session 
on record. . . .3— Intensely cold weather. . . 
4— Michael Davitt, the home ruler and 
former Fenian, arrested in Dublin ...5 — 
Thomas Carlyle died in London in his oJth 
year . . .7— Colliery explosion in England, 

by which twenty men were killed 

Steamer Bohemian lost on the Irish coast 
in a storm and thirty-three persons drown- 
ed. . . .8 — Spanish Ministry tenders its res- 
ignaticn Mr. Henry Metcalf, for twen- 
nine years County Judge and Surrogate of 
Kichmond county, New York, died on 
Staten Island in his 76th year ..9— The 
Coercion bill had a second reading in the 
House of Commons . . . 10— Carlyies body 
buried in a churchyard in his native place, 
Ecclesfechan, Dumfrieshire, Scotland . . . 
11 — J. E. Gatteaux, a French medallist of 
high reputatio i, died in Paris at the ago of 
93 .. .14 -Fernando Wood, once Mayor of 
New Y rk, and long member of Congress, 
died at Hot Spriigs, .Irk., in his 69th year 
„ . . .12— Lady Burdett-Coutta and Mr. Ash- 



mead Baitlett married in London . . .15 — 
Harry Hunter, the Lone Fisherman, of the 
original Ilice Evangeline troupe, a d mb 
part which ho filled for .seven years, died at 
Cincinnati at the ago of 37 . . . 17 — Parnell 
returned to London ...E.J Meunier. man- 
ufacturer of the chocolate bearing his name, 
died in Paris in his 55th year... 22— 
Formal presentation of the .Obelisk to the 

City of New York 23 — Prussian Diet 

closed by royal decree. .. .25~The House 
of Commons passed the Coercion bill by a 
vote of 281 to 36. . . .27— Prince William, el- 
dest son of the Crown Princ3 of Germany, 
and Princess Augusta, of Schleswig-Hol- 
stein, married at Berlin . . Gen. Colley 
killed in an encounter wih the Boers. . . . 
28— Eev. J F. W Ware, pastor of the Ail- 
iugton Street Unitarian Society, Boston, 
and long kn'"iwn as an eloquent speaker and 
charming \M-iter, died at Boston, aged 03 
. . .March 2 — Drouyn de Lhuys, who had 
been in political life for fifty years and was 
especially prominent in the time of Napo- 
leon III, died in Paris, in his 76tn year 
3 — Snow storms of great severity in the 
Northwest . Robert William Hartley, longf 
engaged in benevolent entt-rprises in this 
citV; died here in his 85th year. .. .Presi- 
dent Hayes vetoed the Funding bill. . . .4 — 
President Garfield inaugurated. . . .Violent 
storm of wind and snow in Great Britain 
.... 6 — Mrs. Hannah Cole died in Eome, N. 
Y., at the age of 105. . . .9 — Fire in Paris, 
France, by which $1,800,000 worth of prop, 
erty was destroyed . . .Mr. Ivory Chamber- 
lain, of the New York Herald, died in his 
60th year. . . .Queen Caroline, of Denmark, 
widow of King Christian VIII., died at Co- 
penhagen, in her 85th year. . .12 — Alexan- 
der 'I., of Russia, killed by a bomb thrown 
at him.... 14 — Gen. Butler, who carried 
the flag for his regiment at Waterloo, and 
was one of a few survivors of that battle, 
was burned to death at his house in Eng- 
land, in his 82d year. . . .Sir John McPher- 
son MacLeod, the oldest member of the 
British Privy Council in age, died in Lon- 
don in his 90th year .. Mr. Benjamin 
Flagg, the oldest male inhabitant of Wor- 
cester, Mass., died there, aged more than 
90 years. . . .16 — Hugues Merle, an hostori- 
cal painter, died at Paris, at the age of 58 

20— Gen. Milon, the Italian Minister of 

War, died at Home. . . .The Earl of St. Ger- 
mains, long in the British Diplomatic serv- 
ice, died in England, in bi.s 52d year 

23 — The Opera House at Nice, Italy, de- 
stroyed by fire, and more than 150 persons 
burned to death. . . .Robertson nominated 
for Collector of New York... 24 — Count 
Pecci, brother of the present Pope, died of 
apoplexy. .. .The Hudson River open for 
the season. ..28 — John Prescott Knight, 
an English portrait painter, died in his 
78th year. . ..29— James Sinclair, Earl of 



CHRONOLOGY. 



177 



Caithness in Scotland, died in the Fifth 
Avenue Hotel, New York .... .Jl — I he .En- 
glish Court of Appeals decided that Brad- 
laugh could not voie in the House of Com- 
mons wiihout takiug the oath . . The Prin- 
cess Caroline, the elder daughter of Fred- 
erick VI. of Denmark, diea at Copenhagen, 
in her 83th year ...April 1 — William Da- 
vid Lowis, of t'hiladelphia, secretary of the 
United tState.s Commissioners who negotia- 
ted the treaty of Gheut, died in Philadel- 
phia, ii.' his 89ch year, .. .Lev. August H. 
M. Held, the oldest Lutheran clergyman in 
the United iSta es, died in this city in his 
76t".iyear . 3 — Great earthquake in Chio, 

Greece 4— Great floods in Si)ain. . . . 

James Buell, formerly President of Import- 
ers and Traders' Bank, died . . .8— Oxford 
wins in the English University boat race 
....lu — .Mr. Henry llobertson, the father 
of Collector Robertson, died in Westchester 
ounty, at ttie age of &l) .12 — hear-Ad- 
miral Lardner, U.S.N., a distinguished of- 
ficer, die.l in Philadelphia, aged 79 ...14 
— itev. William Morley Punshon, the En- 
glish Wesleyan preacher, died in London 
in his 57th year. . . .19— Lord Beaconsfield 
died. . . .22— \rchibald Jenkins, the oldest 
native of Chemung county, died in that 
county in his 80th year. . . . 24 -Mrs. Louisa 
G. Allen, daughter of Jacob Patterson, who 
lounded Paterson, N J., and aunt by mar- 
riage to Foe, the poet, died at Richmond, 
Va., aged 83. .25— James T. Fields, the 
author, died at Boston, in his 64th yetr ... 
26 — Lord Beaconsheld buried at Hughen- 
den Gotthold Carlberg, the conductor, 
^ied in New York ... 27 — Emile Girardin. 
the journalist, died at Paris, in his 75th 
year ...Mayl Gen. John y. Preston, of 
South Ca olina, died.... Mr, Pachard H. 
Bowne, one of the oldest conveyancers in 
New York, died in his 71st year. . . .Capt. 
Komolo Gessi, long one of the principal 
administrators of iSoudan, Egypt, under 
the Ktiedive died at ouez, aged 50.... 8 — 
Joel Taylor, the oldest letter carrier in the 
United States with one exception, died at 
Manchester.. New Hampshire, a^ed 63.... 
10 — Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria, and 
the Princess Stephanie, of Belgium, v/ere 
married at Vienna ...12 — Treaty signed 
between Franca and Tunis, which gives 
France the control of the latter country. . . 
16 —Senators Conkling and PI tt resigned 
their seats in the Senate . . . Silas M. Still- 
well, long a prominent politician in this 
State, and the author of the Stillwell act, 
died in this city, m his 84th year. . . ,15 — 
The Baron de la Ronciere le Noury, a dis- 
tinguished French Admiral and Senator, 
died in his 68th year .. .18— Robertson 
coniirmed as Collector of the Port . . .19— 
Count Von Arnim, famous by having been 
long persecuted by Bismarck, died at Nice, 
Italy, in his 57th year 20— The Anglo- 



French Union Bank of Paris failed; it had 
160 branches throughout France.... 21 — 
Mrs. Caroline Blake, long a prominent ac- 
tress, and the widow of William Rufus 
Jilake, died at Long Branch, in her 84th 
year. . . .22— Duvergier de la Mauraune, a 
French statesman, prominent in politics 
for more than lifty years, died at Paris, aged 
83. . . .25 — Count Casablanca, a Fr.nch iml- 
itician and a relative of Casablanca, died in 
his 85th year. . . .June 1 — Iroquois wins the 
Derby . . . 2 — Littre, the French philologist, 
and one of the most learned men of our 

time, died in Paris, in his 81st year Mr. 

Alfred B. Street, State Librarian and poet, 
died at Albany, aged 70. . . .3 —Count Von 
Eulenberg, long in the German Diplomatic 
service, died at Schomberg . 5 — Joseph 
Sabin, a well-known bookseller of New 
York, died in his 60th year ... Minthorne 
I'ompkins, a son of Vice-President Tomp- 
kins, died in his 74th year . . 6 - Henri 
Vieuxtemps, an eminent violinist, died in 
Paris, in his 62d year . . 9 — Great fire in 
Quebec. . . .10— An attempt to blow tip the 
Liverpool Town Hall with dynamite. . . .14 
— Cyclone of wind in Missouri .... 15— John 
H. Brower, the oldest cotton broker in New 
York, died at the age of 80 . . , Dr. James 
Darral, Roman Catholic Bishop of South- 
wark, England, died in his 60th year. ... 
12— Foxhall wins the Grand Prix at Paris 
....21 — Benjamin A. Delamater, for fifty 
year^ a prominent resident of Brooklyn, 
died in his 86th year The Earl of Wick- 
low and one of ihe representative peers of 
the House of Lords died, aged 42 , . . . 26 — 
The Earl of Harrington, a distinguished 
British statesman, died in his 72<l year . . . 
Henry Stanberry, ex-U. S. Attorney-Gen- 
eral, died in New York, in his 78th year. . 
27, — Jules Dufaure, long eminent as a 
French lawyer and statesman, died at Paris, 

in his 83d year Jacob HetcLner, the 

oldest resident of Salem county, N. J., 
where he was born, died there, aged 96 
years. . . .Silas C. Herring, inventor of Her- 
ring safes, died in his 78th year 28^ 

Lefroy murders T. J. Gould in a railwaj- 
carriage, while going from London to 
Brighton, England. . . .July 1 —Piatt with- 
draws from the Senatorial contest.... 2 — 

President Garfield shot by Guiteau 

5 — Obacliah Leech, a veteran of the war of 
1812 and one of the largest landowners in 
Jamaica, L. I , died tliere, in his 90th year 
. . . .7- Mr. D. M. Carter, an artist of this 
city, died at the age of 64 , James Stan- 
ley, the inventor of the bycic'e, died in 

England Subscriptions started by the 

Chamber of Commerce for Mrs. Garfield 
. . . .Dr. John William Sterling, an eminent 
physician of New York, died at Stat en 
Island, in his 87th year ... 14 —Cornell 
crew beaten in a race on the Thames ... 15 
— Hiller chosen United States Senator for 



178 



CHRONOLOGY. 



New York John Hanson Thomas, one of 

the most promirent citizens of Baltimore, 
Md., died there m his 86th year... 18- 
I>ean Stanley died. . . .21— Intense and nn- 

examjiled heat in London, Eng W. H. 

Hudson, to whose invention locomotive en- 
gines in this country owe much, died at 
Paterson, N. J., in his 78th year . < hief 
Justice Harris, of the Supreme Court of the 
Sandwich Islands, died at Honolulu . . 24 
— Charles P. bmith, the heroic commander 
of the steamboat beawanhaka, died at Kos- 
1> n, L. I., in his 56th year ...25 -Judge 
Clifford, of the United States Supreme 
Coarr, died at Portland, Maine, in his 78th 
year , 27— Herr Charles Christian Bruhns, 
au eminent German astronomer, died in 
his 5Lst year .. 28 John C. Burch, secre- 
tary of the United States Senate, died in 
Washington . John J. Bagley, twice Go\ 
eraor of Michigan, died at San Franciscr 
iu his 50th year . . August 2— Mrs. Suzette 
Grymes, long distinguislied in bociety in 
this country, died at Paris, in her 85th 
year. . . James Stokes, a native ot and long 
a prominent merchant in this city, died 
aged 76 3 — Bradlaugh attempts to force 
an entrance into the House of Commons 
and ii ejected by the police Jemes 
Clark, senior member of the tirm cf Clark 
& Co., sijool cotton manufacturers, died at 
Paisley, Sc tland, iu his 61st year . . Wil- 
liam G. Fargo, one of the founders of the 
American Express Company, and long its 
president, died at ButiiiJo ,. Mr. AldenL. 
Si)ooner, one of the best known citizens of 
Brooklyn, L. 1., died at Hempstead, L. L, 
in his 72d year . . . Henri Blonne, Secretary- 
General of the Panama Canal Company, 
died at sea . . .Bishop Haven, of the Meth- 
odist Church, died at Salem, Oregon, in his 
Gist year. . . .5 -Greenfield, murderer'of his 
wife, was hanged at Syracuse, N. Y., after 
delaying justice for more than six years. 
Henry Morford, a literary man, died in 
Brooklyn, in his 60th year . . . . .7— Gen. 
llobert Patterson, of Philadelphia, distin- 
guished in tiiC Mexican war and an emi- 
uent citizen of Philadelphia, died there, in 
hisUJMi year . 11— Mrs. Fillmore, widow 
of President Fillmore, died at Buffalo, in 
her7Lst year Orville H Browning, an 
iniimato friend of President Lincoln and a 
prominent politician in Illinois for forty 
years, died there in his 76th year 12— 
Stc[)hen Butler, the oldest citizen of Wilkes- 
baire and the son cf Col. Butler, who com- 
manded the militia at the massacre of Wy- 
oming, died at Wilkesbarre, in his 92d 
year . . .Origen S. Seymour, long a promi- 
nent politician in Connecticut, died there 

in his 78th year 13— Ihe Earl of Gains- 

borougii died at the age of 63 15— Capt. 

Paterson, superintendent of the United 
States Coast Survey, to which he had been 
attached for forty years, died in Washing- 



ton, at the age of 65. . . .Mrs. Annie Wet)b 
died in England in her lu3d year. . . Seth 
Ames, formerly Justice of the Supreme 
Court of Massachusetts, died near l^o.■^ton, 
in his 76th year .. 27 — English Parliament 
prorogued ...Dr. Bradley appointed Dean 
of Westminster. . . .SfimuelB. . niggles died 
i 1 his 82d year f^e|>tember 1 Isew Coda 
of Criminal Procedure goes into operation 
in this State . . Ben. Israel Butler, eldest 
son of Gen. Benjamin P. Butler, died in 

his 27th year 6 — President Garfield 

transferred from Washinton to Long Branch 

4 — Lorenzo Delmonico died 7 — 

Judge Ulshoeffer, the oldest member ofthe 
-Vew York bar, the f)ldest ex-Assembl.\ man, 
aad the oldest man who had sat on the 
beuch of any court in this State, died in 
this city, in his 89th year. . . Bobert Buth- 
erford Mori is, a grandson of Lewis Moriis, 
a signer of the Declaration < f Independ- 
ence, died at >iew Bochelle, N. Y. . . . 9 — 
The Emperors of Russia and Germany 
meet at Dantzic, Germany . 10 — Bain in 
New York for the first time since Augut-t 7 
.... 13— Gen. Burnside died at Providence, 
Rhode Island, aged 60 14— Iroquois 

A-ins the St. Leger. . . .Ca'-tain Breese, a 
distinguished ofticer of the United States 
navy, died In Boston at the age of f]0. . . . 
Lord Airey, an officer of distinction in the 
English arnn , died in England, in his 
79th year Rev. Walter H. Bidwell, pro- 
prietor ofthe Ecieciir, ]\laijazine, died at Sar- 
atoga, in his 84th year . . . Henry Stowe 
Smith, for more than fifty years a clerk in 
the Parliament office. House of Lords, 
England, died there in his 75th year.... 
Baron Mothomb, a i)rominent Belgian poli- 
tician, died at Brussels, in his 76th year 

. . . 19 — President Garfield died 21 — 

President Garfield's body removed from 
Long Branch to Washington. . . . 22 — Henry 
F. Vail, President of the National Bank of 
Commerce, of this city, died here in his 
69th year . . 26 — Funeral of President Gar- 
field, at Cleveland, Ohio 28— Professor 

James White, one of the most prominent 
physicians of Buffalo, N. Y , died there at 
the age of 70 . . General Eli N. Barnum, 
early connected with elevated railways 
in this city, died at Salt Lake city. . . . 
30 — Daniel Kingsland, long prominent in 
the affairs of the Academy of Music in Ibis 
city, died in the 70th year of his age.... 
October 1 — Nathan W, Aylwin, the oldest 
pay clerk in the United States navy, 

died in Brooklyn, in his 79th year 2 — 

Mother Theodore Mary, Superioress of the 
House of Little Sisters of the Poor, honses 
of which order she established in this city 
and elsewhere, died at Germantown, Pa , 
in her ,60th year. . . . Monsie'ir Laborde, an 
eminent French tenor, for whom Donizetti 
wrote the famous opera La Favorita, died 
in France. . . .3— John D. Mairs, Vice-Prefr 



CHRONOLOGY. 



179 



ident of the New York Elevated Bailway 
Companj', died at Irvington-on-Hudson, 
aged 54 . 4 — Guiteau indicted by Grand 

Jury at Washington Fletcher Urling 

Harper, of the firm of Harper Bros., died 
in his 34th j^ear. . . 5 — Republican Conven- 
tion of this State meets at the Academy of 
Music, New York. . . Sir John Karslake, a 
famous English lawyer, died in England, 
in his 60th year. . . .Eev. Dr. Stewart Eob- 
iijson, for many years the acknowledged 
leader of the Presbyterian Chufch in the 
South and Southwest, died at Louisville, 
Ky .... G — John G. Floyd, grandson of Wm. 
Floyd, one of the signers of the Declaration 
of Independence, died at Mastic, L. I., in 
his 7Gth year ...Orson Pratt, the oldest 
apostle of the Mormon creed, died at Salt 
Lake City, aged 70 8 — James B. Brace, 
.1 practical philanthropist of this city, died 
....liev. Joseph G. Atwell, rector of St. 
Phillip's Church in this city, and the first 
colored man ordained as a deacon of the 
Protestant Episco]>al Church in Kentucky, 

died in tins city, in his 50th year 11 — 

Foxhall won Cesaie witch Stakes .... Baron 
Hay merle, the Austro-Hungaiian Minister 
fo- Foreign Affairs, died at Vienna of heart 

disease, aged 53 Dr. Eobert S. Newton, 

President of the Eclectic Medical College, 
and father of the actresses Kate and Meta 

liaiilett, died in this city Florence 

Cbaplin, elder daughter of the Duke of 
Sutherland, died.. F. P. Scholes, for a 
quarter of a century President of the Broad- 
way Savings Bank, died at the age of 81 
.f. Richard M. Staigg, formerly of high 
reputatiou as a miniature painter, died at 

Newport, in his 61st year 12 — Dr. J. 

G. Holland, one of the founders of Scrib- 
rfr's Monthly, died in this city, in his 63d 
y ar 13 — Parnell, the Irish agitator, ar- 
rested. .... 14 — Guiteau arraigned .... Capt. 
AlcOrea, of the United States navy, died 
suddenly, at Y''orktown .... 16— Louis A. 
VViltz, the Governor of Louisiana, died at 
New Orleans, in his 38th year. . . John Mc- 
Coiub, the oldest policeman in England, 
(lied at Liverpool, in the 90th year of his 
age ..17 — The Centennial celebration be- 
gins at Yorktown . Signor Baffaelle Mon- 
ti, one of the most eminent of modern Ital- 
ian sculptors, died in England, at the age 

of f;3 20— Henry Feerster, the Prince 

Bishop of Breslau, died at the age of 81.. . . 
21— Judge Sanford. of the Superior Court 
of this State, died in his 55th year. . . . Prof. 
J. G. Brantschli, an acknowledged author- 
ity on International 1 .w, died at Carlsruhe 
24— E. D. Morgan nominated and con- 
lirmed as ; ecretary of the Treasury. . . .25 
— Foxhall wins the Cambridgeshire Stakes 
at Newmarket .. 27 — Chas. J Folger nom- 
inated for Secretary of the Treasury, E. D- 
Morgan having declined. .. .Dr. John B. 
Beale, one ol the oldest and most respected 



citizens of Washington, D. C , died in his 
80th year . 29— John S. Giles, long con- 
nected with the Fire Department of this 
city, died here, aged 82 . . 31— The Me- 
chanics' National Bank of Newark, N. J., 
stops payjijent in consequence of a large 
defalcation by the cashier. . . . Dr. I. B. 
Uoiiilland, who was long in the fiont rank 
of French physicians, died at J'aris, in his 

85th year November ] — Mr. and Mrs. 

Nehemiah Perry died at Newaik, N. J., the 

wife five hours after her husband 2 — 

Benj min Franklin Baclie, a great grand- 
son of Benjamin FiankJin. and medical di-V 
rector of the United States ^avy, died at '• 
Brooklyn, in his 8lHt year. . . >ignor Gio- 
vanni Ruifini, an eminent Italian author, 
died at Rome, Italj, iu his 74th year . 3 
— Mme. Patti arrived in New York . . 8— - 
Samuel T. Skidmore. one of the oldest ves- 
trymen of Trinity parish. New York, died 
in this city, in his 81st year.... 9 — Two 
buildings fall iu Grand street. New York ; 
several persons killed. . Lord Mayor's 
day in London, the American flag carried 

in procession 10 — Premier Jerry and 

his colleagues resign, and President Grevy 
accepts their resignation. ... 13— Mrs. Ed- 
win Booth died in this city. . . .14 — 1 rial of 
Guiteau begirs . Gambetta forms his 
cabinet. ... P. A., I. Pauliuier, Archbishop 
of Besancon, France, died 15 — Rev. Dr. 
Henry P. Tappan, the real founder of the 
University of Michigan, died in Switzer- 
land, in his 77lh year. .. .16— James L. 
Ridgley, tor many years a prominent Odd 
Fellow, died at Baltimore, Md., in his 75th 
year. . . . 18 — George Law died in this city, 
in his 77th year. . . 20 Alex. Randall, one 
of the most respected citizens of Annapo- 
lis, Md., died there, in his 78th year. . . .21 
— Dr 1 oD.rt S. Mackenzie died at Phila- 
delphia, in his 73d year 23 — Rudolf 

Bial, a well-known conductor and com- 
poser, died in this city, in his 48th year 
... John Anderson, a tobacconist of this 
city, died in Paris, in his 70th year... 
26— Isaac Bunnell, one of the oldest men 
in New Jersey, died in Sussex county in 
that State, in his 93d year. . . .29— Arthur 
Lefroy, the murderer of Mr. Gold, hanged 
. . . .Thomas R. Gould, an American ^culp- 
tor, died at Florence, Italy, at the age of 63 
. . . .December 1— Cardinal Borromeo died 
at -Rome, Italy, in his 60th year . . 4 — 
Gen. Kilpatrick, United States Minister to ' 
Chili, died at Valparaiso, in his 54th year 
.... 5 — First issue of the 3Iail and Kv]>ress 
....6 — Congress meets, and Mr. Kiefer 
chosen Speaker of the House. . . 7 — Presi 
dent Arthur sends his first message to Con- 
gress . . 8 — The Ling Theatre at Vienna 
destroyed by tire, and more than 800 per- 
sons in it burned to death . . 9 — Col. John 
W. Forney, the veteran journalist, died at 
Philadelphia, in his 65th year Col. 



180 



CHRONOLOGY. 



Henry G, Stebbins died in this city, in his 
70lh yenr . . .12 — Frederick l\ Frelinghuy- 
sen noiuiuated and cuufiniied as Secretary 
of State. . . .Daniel P. Ingraliam, for thirty- 
five years a Judge in this city, died in his 
Slat year.... 17 — Kx-Judge Heury E. Da 
vies dead.... 19 — Mr. Brewster confirmed 
as Attorney-General of the United Slates 
. . , .Siro Dehnonico died. . . .By a colliery 

explosion in England, 150 lives are lost. 

20 — JuiJge Horace Gray, of Boston, con- 
firmed as Justice of the Supreme Court ot 
the United States. . . .News received of th ■ 
destruction of the Jeannette and the s xfety 
of a portion of her crew. .. .21 — Kiederick 
A. Palmer, Auditor of Newaik, N. J., con- 
fessed to havinjj embezzle I $125.tiOi). . . .24 
— Dr. Leonard Bacon died in his 78th year 
. , . .27 — L^ineteen lives lost by the explosion 
of a steamer on the York River, Va. 
1882. 
January 1 — The Mexicans captured and 
ehot the Apache Chief Nana and forty of his 
band. . . .2— President Arthur's first official 
reception at the While House. . . .3 — Meet- 
ing of the State legislature. . . .The prosecu- 
ti.y ,)f che Guite.iu case closes. . . .4 — Coid- 
es*' .-lay of the season; the Hudson fi-ozen 
aor.v,> Catskill. . . .Judge Cox refuses to al- 
low tLo defense in the Guite lu trial to re- 
open its case; the defense closes. .. .Post- 
master-General James retires, and his sue 
cessor, Mr. Howe, takes possession of his of- 
ifice. . . .Death of Prof. John \V. Draper, aged 
seventy-one; at Boston, John P. Healy, 
LL.D., a former partuer of Daniel Webster, 
aged seventy-one. . . .5 — Congress recon- 
venes. .. .Gens. Grant and Terry request 
President Artliur to restore Fitz John Por- 
ter to his former position in the army. . . 6 
— Confirmation of the news that the king of 
Ashantee massacred 200 young girls... 
News that Indians in Sonora, Mexico, killed 
twenty-four white persons. .. .7 — Death in 
New York of the Hon. Edwin W. Stough- 
ton, aged sixty-four; at Florence, Italy, 
Richard H. Dana, the Americin lawyei* and 
author, aged sixty seven . . .Great storm of 
wind and rain raging in Euirland, Scotland 
and Ireland; enormous damage..,. 8 — 
Havemeyer <fe Elder's sugar refinery in 

Brooklyn burned; loss, $1,500,000 A 

dispatch announces the discovery of the mis- 
sing boat of the Jeannette, containing two 
corpses .... England and France announce 
their purposi' to support the authority of the 
Egyptian khedive . . .9 — Death in New 
York of the Rev. Dr. John Cotton Smith, 
aged fift}--six. . . .News of the loss of the 
Bteamsh^p Lion off Newfoundland with all on 
board, fifty -three in number. . . .10 — Judge 
Cox overrules the law points raised by t!ie 
defens ! in the Guitt-a:! case. . . .News of an 
earthquake in the district of Kan-Tcheon 
China; over '60 j)er3on3 killed.... 1) — 
D«?ath at Boat'm <>f Delano A. Goddard, ed- 
itor of tlie Advert'ner, a^eJ fiity-ono;. . . . ; 



12 — News that Lieut. Danenhower and five 
of the Jeannette crew arrived at Irkutsk, 
Siberia. . . .Mr. Davidge addresses the jury 
for the prosecution in the Guiteau case. . . . 
13 — Collision at Spuyten Duyvil; two 
drawing-room cars wrecked and burned; 
eight persons killed, including Senator Web- 
ster Wagner. . . .A new comet seen at San 
Francisco. .. .14 — Great flood in the Cum- 
berland river. .. .Deaths: At Monroe, 
Mich., the njother of Gen. Custer; at Rich- 
m md, Va., Caroline Richii)gs-Bernard, the 
actress. . . .15 — Many French soldiers frozen 
to death in the Sahara. . . . 16 — News of the 
loss in the Gulf of Mexico of the British 
schooner Weather Gauge, with eight per- 
sons. . . .Deiths of ex-Judge McKenzie, who 
sent Sherman's famous signal, " Hold the 
fort; " Mrs. E. A. Sotheru, widow of the 
actor; Capt. A. D. Perkins, who took the 
first vessel loaded witli wheat out of Clii- 
cago. .. .Severe gale off the Newfoundlanil 
coast; nine vessels missing. . . .17 — Attempt 
to assassinate Osman Pasha, Turkish minis- 
ter of war.... The Mulleys and Blanche 
Douglass indicted at New Haven for the 
murder of Jennie Cramer . . .Mild weather 
succeeded by a very cold wave. . . .Death of 
Alexander H. Bullock, ex-governor of Mas- 
sachusetts . . .18 — News of a treaty of peace 
between Chile and Bolivia. .. .Centeimial 
anniversary of Daniel Webster's birth, cel- 
ebrated in Boston and Washington . . .19 — 
Attempt to assassinate the Russian ambas- 
sador at Vienna. .. .Panic among speculators 
on the Paris bourse; the Union Generale 
involved. . . .Anna Dickinson makes her 
debut as Hamlet at Rochester. .. .Destruc- 
tive floods in Tennessee,Mississippi, Alabama 
and Louisiana. .. .20 — Scoville concludes 
his argument for the defense in the Guiteau 
case.... The national board of health de- 
clares small-pox epidemic. .. .Five ship- 
wrecks along the Atlantic coast.... 
21 —Ten tliousand persons driven from home 
by the Cumberland floods; great floods else- 
where in the South. . . .Fire at AHanta,Ga. ; 
damage $500,000 . . .22— The Union Gen- 
erale panic extended to Vienna. .. .Heavy 
snow storm in ttie Northwest ; sudden and 
severe cold in this section. .. .Death : In 

Brooklyn Gen. Silas Casey 23 — Judge 

Porter begins the closing argument for the 
prosecution in the Guiteau case. . . .Death in 
New York of Clarkson N. Potter, aged fifty- 
eight 24 — Coldest day of the season; 

mercury reaches 40° below zero at several 
points. . . .25 — The jury in the Guiteau case 
rend:r a verdict of "guilty as indicted." 
The trial lasted ten weeks and four days 
. . . .26 — The Gambetta ministry resign. . . . 
M. Rouzaud, Christine Nillsson's husband, 
becomes insane in Paris owing to Union 
G6n6rale losses. . . .Severe shocks of earth- 
quake in California. . . .29 — Death of Alex- 
ander L. Holley, the builder of the first Bi-s- 
3 -mer steal works in this country, aged fifty 



CHKONOLOGY. 



181 



^^. .30 — M. de Freycinet announces a new 
French cabinet. . . .The Union G6nerale ot 
Paris suspends payments.... Death: In 
New York, the Rev, Dr. Henry W. Bollows, 
aged sixty-eight. . . .31 — Burning of the old 
World buildiug in New York ; six lives lost 
and $1,000,000 worth of property burned 
. . . .Oscar L. Baldwin, the Newark defaulter, 
Bentenced to fifteen years imprisonment. . . . 
February 1 — Iiidictment of conductor Han- 
ford and bi'akeman Melius of tlie train 
wrecked at Spuyten Duyvil for manslaugh- 
ter. . . .2 — Arrest of the president and man- 
ager of tiie suspended Union Genera.'e in 
Paris. .Charles E. Patterson of Troy elected 
speaker of assembly by agreement between 
the Tammany and regular Democrats . . 
3 — Slossou defeats Vignaux in the billiard 

match at Paris, 3,000 to 2,553 4-Gui- 

teau sentenced to be hanged June 30.... 
Great snow storm in the eastern and middle 
States. . . 6 — Death at Klausenburg of Capt. 
Daniel Kadpcsi, the last survivor of Napo- 
leon's escort to Elba, aged 102 7 — Open- 

, ing of the British parliament; Bradlaugh re- 
fused admission to the commons. . . .William 
yindham, the phenomenal murderer, repriev- 
ed till March 24. . . .8 — Death in London of 
the earl of Lonsdale, husband of " the beau- 
tiful Lady Lonsdale." 9— A. M. Soteldo 

fatally shot in the Republuan office, Wash- 
ington.... 11 — Peter Cooper celebrates his 
ninety-first birthday in New York. . . .12 — 
Great oil fire at Glean, N. Y. . . . Extensive 
floods in Arkansas and Texas and in the 
Mis.sissippi. . . .13 — Five men killed in a 
railroad tunnel at Baltimore. . . .Publication 
of terms of peace between Chile and Bolivia 

Death: In New York, Daniel Slote, 

the original of '" Dan" in Mark Twain's "in- 
nocents Abroad ;" in St. Petersburg, Prince 
Suwaroff . . . 14 — Ice gorges and floods in 
various parts of the country, owing to ndld 
leather .... Death: At Cambridge, Mass., 
Ko Kun Hua, professor of Chinese at Har- 
vard, aged forty. . . .15 — News of the loss at 
sea of the steamer Bahama, bound from 
Porto Rico to New York, during a gale ; 
twenty persons drowned .... Death : In 
Charle'ston, S. C, Bishop Wm. M. Wight- 
man of the Methodist church, aged seventy- 
four.... 16 — The Edmunds anti-polygamy 
bill passed by the senate. . . .the house fixes 
the number of representatives under the new 
apportionment at 325. .. .Death : At Wash- 
ington, Col. A. B. Meacliam, who was with 
Gen. Canby when the latter was kdled by 
Indians, aged fifty-six. . . .17 — Explosion in 
a fireworks factory at Chester, Penn.; seven 
teen persons killed and fifteen injured. . . . 
Disastrous fire at Haverhill, Mass. ; the bus- 
iness part of the town destroyed ; loss over 
61,000,000... 18— Sudden cold wave with 
heavy snow storms in the Northwest. ... 
Gen. Skobeleflf's sensational speech at Paris 
. . . .20 — Indictment at Washington of " the 
Dorsey combination" of star-routers.... 



Serious floods along the Ohio and Missouri 
rivers. . . .Mrs. Kate Cliase granted a divorce 

from her husband .Deatiis : At l^aterson, 

N. J., John Cooke, presidet;t of the Danforth 
locomotive works. . . .21 — Heavy snowstorm 
throughout the North and West. . . .Brad- 
laugh takes the oath aud enters the house of 
commons, but is expelled by the speaker. . . . 
22 — Death in Paris of M. Kouzaud, husband 
of Christine Nilsson. . . .23 — Great excite- 
ment in the New York stock market and 
heavy fall of some stocks. . . .The senate 
passes the bill to place Gen. Grant on the 
letired list. . . .25 — President Artlmr nomin- 
ates Roscoe Ci nkling for associate justice of 
the United Slates suprcn 3 court and A. A, 
Sargent for mini.-ter to Berlin. .'. 26— Col- 
liery explosion at .Styria, Austria; 150 lives 
lost. .. .Sudden death at Albany of Robert 
II. Pruyn, ex-minister to Japan, aged sixty- 
seven. . . .27 — Garfield memorial services in 
the hall of the house ; oration by ex-Secre- 
tary Blaine. .. .Death: At New Rochelle, 

!Mrs. Daniel Webster, aged eighty-four 

28 — Eleven nihilists on trial in St. Peters- 
burg convicted and sentenced to death ; tea 
sentenced to Siberia. . . .The new apportion- 
ment bill approved by Preside: t Artliur. . . . 
The store of Edw.ird Mallej-, father of Wal- 
ter Malley, charged with the murder of Jen- 
nie Cramer, burned at New Haven; loss 

$200,000 March 1 — Appalling loss of life 

and property by the fliocis along tlie Mis- 
sissippi. . . .2 — Rodeiiek MacLean attempts 
to shoot Queen Victoria at Windsor sta- 
tion. .. .Death in Boston of the Hon. 
Charles Hale, a distinguished journalist and 
diplomat and brother of the Rev. Edward 
Everett Hale, aged fifty-one. . . .4 — Death of 
Milton S. Latham, ex-governor of and ex- 
senator irUm California. . .Hazael wins the 
New York walking mi.tch ; score 600 miles 
6 — Gen. Curtis, special t!e:isury agent 
at New York, indicted for solicif.ng mon- 
ey for political purposes from government 
employees. . . .8 — Over 85,000 persons left 
destitute by the Mississippi floods. .. .Be- 
ginning at London of tlie tri^l of " Dr. " 
Lawson for poisoning his brother-in-law 
. . . .9 — The Chinese emigration bill passed 
by the United States. . . .10 — Sergeant Ma- 
son, who attempted to shoot Guiteau, sen- 
fenced to be dishonorably discharged from 
the army, and imprisoned eight j-ears in the 
Albany penitentiary . . News of the death 
of Henry Highland Garnet, minister to Li- 
beria. . . .11— A new Planet found by Palisa 
at Berlin. . . .12 — The Mississippi flood said 
to cover 80,000 square miles of territory 
....13 — The President nominates Samuel 
Blatchford to be justice of the United States 
supreme court, and John Russell Young to 
be minister to China . . . 14 — The anti-poly- 
gamy bill parsed by the house. . . .Dr Lam- 
son, an American, convicted in London of 
poisoning his brother-in-law, Percy John, 
and sentenced to death 17 — Numerous 



182 



CIIEONOLOGT. 



Btrikes by various branches of labor through- 
out the country. . , .18 — Discovery of a new 
comet by Charles S. Wells, at the Dudley 
observatory, Albany. . . .22 — Emperor Wil- 
liam's eighty-fifth birthday celebrated in 
Berlin. . , .28 — Tiie assembly passes the free 
canal resolution, 74 to 44. . . .The house of 
representatives passes the anti-Chinese bill, 
167 to t)5 ...24— Death at Cambridge, 
Mass., of Ileai'y \V. Longfellow, aged seven- 
ty five . . .26 — A fire in Richmond, Va., de- 

etroys $500,000 worth of property 27 — 

Steamer Thomas Cornell wrecked in a fug 
on Danskammer point, below F'oughkeepsie ; 
loss about $200,0 0. . . .28— Zuni ludiansper- 
form peculiar and Taditional religious rites, 
at the sea shore, near Boston, accompanied 
by Lieutenant Cushing, their " adopted son." 
. . . .29 — Great loss of life and widespread 
Buffering caused by a " blizzard " in Dakota 
. . . .'Si^ — The steamer Golden City burned at 
Memphis, Tenn.; thirty-five lives lost. . . .31 
— The New Jersey legislature adjourns sine 
die in great confusion, owing to the railroad 
bribery disclosures. . . .April 2 — Cornelius 
J. Vanderbilt commits suicide by shootinij 
in a New York hotel. , . .News of the death 
at Lima of Gen. Stephen A. H;irlbut, Uniti-d 
States minister to Peru ... 3 — Hanlan df-- 
feats Boyd at New-Castlf-on-Tyne by five 
lengths; time 21.25. .. .Jesse James, the 
outlaw, shot and killed by Robert Ford. . . . 
4 — President Arthur vetoes the anti-Chinese 
bill. . . .6 — The President, nominates Wm. 

E. Chandler to be Secretary of the navy, 
Wm. H. Hunt to be minister to Russia, and 
John Jay Kno.x tj be complroiier of the 
currency. .. .5 — Terrific hurricane in Kan- 
sas, Iowa, Michigan, and other western 
States; twelve persons killed, many injured 
and much property destroyed. . .8 — Arriv- 
al at New York of the famous elephant 
Jumbo . . .9 — Prince Gortschakoff, the Rus- 
sian prime minister, retires; M. de Ciers 
succeeds him... 10 — Judge Wylie denies 
the motion to quash the indictments against 
»Brady, Dorsey, and other star-routers.... 

Mr. I'arnell released froin prion on parole 
Ito vi'-it his sister in Par's. . . .Frauds said to 
aggregate over §4.000,0i)0 discovered in the 
transactions of Vogel Brothers, silk dealers 
in Hong Kong, China... 11 — George M. 
Chilcott appointed United States senator 
from Colorado. .. .Deaths; at Chappaqua, 
Ida Greeley Smith, eldest daughter of Hor- 
ace Greeley; at London, Dante Gabriel 
Rosetti, the painter and poet. . . .12 — John 

F. Slater, of Norwich, Conn., gives Jil.OOO,- 
000 for the education of southern freedmen 
....14 — Captain Howgate, the embezzler, 
escapes from custody in Washington ..15 
— The firm of A. T. Stewart & Co. announces 
the intention to sell all its property and re- 
tire from business. . . .10 — Remarkably mag- 
nificent display of aurora. . . .17 — The Ford 
brothers, who killed Jesse James, sentenced 
to death, but pardoned by Gov. Crittenden, 



of Missouri 18 — Bcjrinning of the trial 

of the Malley brothers and B'anche Dong- 
lass, for the uiurdr of Jennie Cramer at 
New Haven.... 20 — Death in England of 
Charles R. Darwin, the scientist, aged sev- 
enty-three 23 — The new Ohio Sunday 

law goes into effect.... 25 — The senate 
passes the Mississippi river improvement 
bill, appropriating $6,000,000 . . 27 — 
Death at Concord, Mass., of Ralph Waldo 
Emerson, aged seventy-nine. .. .28 — Dr. 
Lamson hanged at London. . . .29 — Explo- 
sive infernal machines sent to William H. 
Vanderbilt, Cyrus W. Field and Police Su- 
perintendent Walling, of New York ... 
May S — President Arthur issues a proclam- 
ation against .Arizona outlaws. . . .Death at 
Knoxville, Tenn., of ex-Postraaster-General 
Horace Maynard, aged sixty-four . . . 5 — A 
dispatcii from Engineer Melville announces 
the finding of the bodies of Lieut. Da Long 
and the ten men with him .... 6 — Lord Fred- 
erick Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland, 
and Thomas Henry Burke, under secretary, 
assassinated by unknown parties in Dublin 
. . . .8 — The President signs the modified 
Chinese bill.... 9 — Lorillard's horsi% Mis- 
take, wins the Newmarket spring handicap 
. . . .11— Mine explosion in AVestphalia; fif- 
ty-six lives lost..., 14 — Death; at Eureka 
.priugs. Ark., Gen. Cadwallader C. Wash- 
burn, ex-governor of Wisconsin, aged sixty- 
four. . . .17 — Total eclipse of the sun, visible 
only in the eastern hemisphere. . . .20 — The 
ship Western Belle caught and sunk in the 
ice in St. Lawrence gulf; thirteen men lost 
23— Death in New York of Moses Tay- 
lor, aged seventy -six. .. .24 — Deaths; In 
London, Sir John Holker, ex-lord justice of 
the court of appeal, aged fifty-four . . .in 
Washington, D. C, Brevet Major-General 
George D. Ramsay, U. S. A., retired, aged 
eighty . . . 26 — George Couley, the basso, 
and Herman A. Reitzel, the pianist, of Clara 
Louise Kellogg's troupe, drowned in Lake 

Spofiord, N. H 27— The disaffected 

Egyptians assume a defiant attitude toward 
the Khedive and demand his deposition. . . . 
28 — Arrival in New York of Lieut. Danen- 
hower and party, Jeannette survivors. . . .29 
— Death a*- Philadelphia of Gen. George H. 
Grossman, U. S. A., retired, aged eighty- 
four.... 30 — Decoration Day universally 
observed. . . .June 1 — Beginning of the star 
route trials at AVashington. . . .England and 
France invite the powers to a conference at 
Constantinople, on the Egyptian question 
....2 — Death; at Caprera, Italy, Guiseppe 
Garibaldi, aged seventy-five. .. .5 — Death 
in New York of Dr. John F. Gray, the first 
American physician to adopt Hahnemann's 
principles. . . 8 — Foxhall wins the gold cup 
at Ascot. . . .11 — Serious riots in Alexan- 
dria, Effypt, by natives; 340 Europeans 
killed, and the foreign quarters sacked .... 
13 — The senate passes the Japanese indem- 
nity bill, returning $785,000 to Japan..., 



CHKONOLOGY. 



183 



14 — Harriet Boecher Stowe's seventieth 
birthday celebrated at Newtonville, Mass. 
....15 — Death; at Columbus, Ohio, Wil- 
liam Dennison, the " war governor " of Ohio 
16 — Paul Tulare, of Princeton. N. J., gives 
$2,000,000 to New Orleans, for educational 
purposes. .. .19 — Particulars of the finding 
of De Long and party, showing tliey died 
of starvation and cold, after terrible suffer- 
ing. ...20 — A new Egyptian ministry an- 
nounced, with Arabi Pastia minister of war 
. . . 22 — Business in New Y(irk almost stag- 
nated by a stiike of freight handlers. . . .25 
— Hottest day of the season in New York and 
elsewhere in the east; nearly lOU degrees in 
tlie shade. . . .29 — A train runs off a bridge 
near Long Brai.ch into the fcrhrewsbur}" 
river; five persons fatally injured; Gen. 
Graut slightly hurt. . . .3ii — Chiirles J. Gui- 
teau, the assassin of President Garfield, 
hanged at Washington. . . .Acquittal (;f the 
Malley brothers and Blanche Douglass, for 
the nmrder of Jennie Cramer. . . .Fourteen 
persons murdered by Indians in Dakota . . . 
July 1 — Disastrous storms in portions of 
luflianaand Illinois. , . .3 — J. Bancroft Da- 
vis, first assistant secretary of state, resigns ; 
John Davis nominated to succeed him. . . .4 
The excursion steamer Scioto collides with 
a tow boat and sinks near Mingo Junction. 
Ohio; sixty lives lost. . . .Death at Ports- 
mouth, N. H., of Ichabod Goodv^in, the 
" war governor " of the State, aged eighty- 
eiq....!! — The British fleet bombards Al- 
exandria, Egypt.... 13 — Alexandria aban- 
doned by the Egyptians; liorrible atrocities 
by the Arab mob; 2,000 christians reported 
massacred; the town pillaged and a large 
part of it burned. . . .14 — John Bright re- 
signs from the British cabinet. . . .16 — Death 
at Springfield, 111., of Mrs. Abraham Lin- 
coln, aged sixty-seven. , . .19 — Gre.it fire in 
Smyrna, Turkey: 1,400 houses burned and 
6,000 persons homeless. . . .20 — Death ut 
Bordentown, N. J., of Fanny Parnell, sister 
of the Irish agitator, aged thirty-four. . . . 
21 — News of Disastrous storms in Dakota 
and Montana. . . .23 — The Khedive dismisses 
Arabi from the ministry and declares him a 
rebel. . . .23 — A fight between Arabi's forces 
and the British at Ramleh ; the Egyptians 
driven away. . . .25 — Death at Long Branch, 
of John C. Hamilton, son of Alexander 
Hamilton, aged ninety -two. . . .27 — The hot- 
test day of the healed term .... 30 — The 
steamer Alaska makes the tiip from Queens- 
town to Sandy Hook in seven days, seven- 
teen minutes, the fastest on record.... 
August 1 — President Arthur vetoes the river 
and harbor biU. . . .2 — Congress passses the 
river and harbor bill over the veto . . .8 — 
Congress adjom-ns sine die. . . .16 — Death at 
Atlanta, Ga., of United States senator Ben- 
jamin H. Hill, aged fifty-nine. .. .24 — The 
British troops begin their ailvanca toward 
Cairo from Ismailia. . . 28 — Battle between 
the English and Egyptians at Kassassin; 



the Egyptians deieated . . . .September 11— 
Partial veVdict rendered by the star route 
jury. . . .13 — Attorney-General Brewster or- 
ders a re-trial of the star route cases . . . 
Engineer Me.ville and party reach New 
York. . . .15 — Arnbi captmed at Cairo; Gen. 
Wolseley declares the Egyptian war ended 
. . . .Rifle matcli ot Cre^nlmcjor ended ; iJrit-' 
ish victorious . . Judge Wylie grants Miner 
and Kerdt 11 new ti ials ... 22 — Railroad col- 
lision in the Fonrtii avenue tunnel, New 
York; tnree persons klled and many iu- 
jureJ. . . .24 — News of great desiruetion by 
earthquakes in I'annma. . . .25 — The Khed- 
ive of Egypt enler.4 Cairo, escorted by Brit- 
ish troops. .. .October 4 — Death at Hot 
Springs, France, of Adelaide Philips, the 
singer, aged forty-nine. . . . 12 — Webster 
centennial celebration at Marshfield, Mass. 
....20 — Death at Aberdeen, Miss., of the 
Rev. Dr. Robert Paine, senior bislmp of the 
Methodist church, south, aged eiirhty-lliree 
.,..24 — Philadelphia celebrates t^e two 
hundredth anniver-ary of Williann Penn's 
landing. . . .The British parliament opened 
. . .28 — Sir Garnet Wolseley arrives in 

England 30— The Park Thea-.re, New 

York, in which Mrs. Langlry was to make 
her first appearance in America on tiiia 
date, burned. . . .31 — Mrs. Seguin, the wife 
of Dr. Edward C. Seguin of New York, 
shoots End kills her three children and ler- 
self. . . .November 2 — Deaths; at Wollaston, 
Mass., Josiah Quincy. aged eighty; at 
Napa, Cab, J. W. Simonton. . . .12 — A 
daughter born to the queen of Spain.... 
20— Death in New York of Prof. Henry 
Draper, the eminent scientist, aged fortj^- 
five....22 — Death in New Y'ork of Tlmr- 
low Weed, aged eighty-?ix. . . .25 — Presi- 
dent Arthur removes Marshal Henry, and 
other officials in Washington, for inter.'er- 
ing with justice in the star route prosecu- 
tions. . . .December 1 — The new penal code 
takes effect.... 2 — The President appoints 
Clayton McMichael marshal of the district 
of Columbia. .. .3 — Arabi sentenced to ex- 
ile for life.... 4 — Congress assembles; the' 
President's mei=sage transmitted .... — 
Transit of Venus observed in many portions 
of this country .... 7 — Great fire in London ; 
loss about $15,000,000 12— A fire de- 
stroys the business portion of Kingston, 

Jamaica; loss $30,000,000 14— Mr. 

Glodstone resigns the chancellorship of the 
exchequer. .. .19 — Death at Boston of 
Henry James, sr., aged seventy-one. .. .20 
— The City Bank of Rochester suspends, 
owing to defalcations by the president, C. E. 
Upton, of several hundred thousand dol- 
lars. .. .21 — The Comyitercial Advert ser 
building and the Masonic temple in Buffalo 

burned; loss $300,000 24 — Death of 

Senor Z vidua, president of Colombia. . . 21 
— Celt^brating the six hundredth annivers iry 
of the founding of the royal Austrian house 
of Hapsburg. 



184 



CHRONOLOGY. 



1S83. 
January ] — Tn Paris, Loon Ganibetla died, 
aged forty-five. .. .5 — At Chalons, France, 
Gen. Chanzy died, najed sixty. . . .Discovery 
of Defalcations by M. T. Pol'c, treasurer of 
Tennessee, reaclun^j nenrly f 500,<>i)0. . . .7 — 
Steamer City of Brussels sunk near Liv(>r- 
])ool, ten lives lost. . . .8 — Newlnll House, 
Milwaukee, burned ; seventy-five lives lost 

— At Augusta, Me., Lot M. Morrill 

died, ftgecl 65. . . .12 — In Washington, Clark 
Mills, the sculptor, died, aged sixty-seven 
.... 14 — Fire in the Planter's House, St. 
Louis; three persons burned to death 
.....20 — A Southern Pacific train runs 
fiWay down a steep grade and is wrecked 
near Tchichipa, Cal. ; twenty-one persons 

killed or burned to deatii 21 — At 

Berlin, Germany, Prince Frederick Charles, 
brother of the emperor, died, aged eighty- 
two. .. .23— In Paris, Gustave Dore died, 
aged fifty-one. . . .Coldest day of the season ; 
temperature 46° below in Winnipeg, the low- 
est on record. . . .29 — Great storm along the 
English coast; three vessels wrecked in the 
Bristol channel ; fifty -six lives lost; terrible 
loss of life and damage by the hurricane on 
shore. . . .31 — Isaac H. Vincent, treasurer of 
Alabama, discovered to be a defaulter to 
nearly $300,000. . . .February 1 — Burning of 
the Inman Pier, New York; loss foOO.OOO 
....3 — Great snow storms and railroad 
blockade in the West. .. .Disastrous floods 
in Pennsylvania and Ohio. . . .Great fire in 
the Standard and other oil works at Cleve- 
land ; loss $300,000 7 — Steamer Kenmore 

Castle foundered in the Bay of Biscay; thir- 
ty-four lives lost. . . .Seven men killed by 
falling coal in a mine at Centrehill, Penn . . . . 
9 -In New York, William E. Dodge died, 
aged seventy-eight. . . .Steamer Golden Horn 
•wrecked off Hartlepool, England. . . .10 — In 
Hartford, Conn., Marshall Jewell died, aged 

fifty -eight In New York, Chas. R. Thorne, 

Jr., the actor, died. . ..13 — In Venice, Richard 
Wagner, the composer, died, aged seventy. . . 
Great floods in the Ohio river; the water 
over sixty-six feet hio-h at Cincinnati ; enor- 
mous dama'.^e at that point, Louisville and 
all along the Ohio: a railroad depot at Cin- 
cinnati carried away. . . .14 — In New York, 
ex-Gov. Edwin D. Morgan died, aged seven- 
ty-two. . . .15 — M. C. Kerdell, one of the star- 
route defendants turns state's evidence. . . . 
16 — Seventy men imprisoned and drowned 
in a coal mine at Braidwood, III.... 17 — 
James Carey, one of the Dublin conspirators, 
turns informer. . . .In Princeton, Prof. Lyman 
H. Atwater died, aged seventy. . . .20 — Six- 
teen children killed in a panic in a parochial 
school in Fourth street. New York. . . .21 — 
News of the loss of the United States steamer 
Ashuelot off the Chinese coast ; eleven men 
drowned. . . .'23— In New York, the Rev. Dr. 
Paul A. C.jadbourue died, aged sixty. . . . 



24 — Suspension of the Augustinian society, 
Lawrence, Mass. ; liabilities over $500,000 
....-7 — Earthquake shocks in Connecticut 
and Rhode Island. . . .March 3 — David Davis 
resigns as president pro tempore of the sen- 
ate ; Senator George F. Edmunds elected his 
successor. . . .Congress adjourns sine die. . . . 
4 — Steamer Yazoo sunk near New Orleans ; 
sixteen lives lost. . . .In Atlanta, Ga., Alex. 
H. Stephens, governo,' of Georgia, died, aged 
seventy-one. . . .7 — Great floods in the Mis- 
sissippi at Helena, Ark., and other points. . . . 
10 — Eleven miners burned to death at 
Brownsville, Dakota. . . .11 — Severe gale and 
high tide along the Atlantic coast. . . .lu 
Baden Baden, Prince Gortschakoff, ex-chan- 
cellor of Russia, died, aged eighty-five.... 
14 — Ex-Gov. Sprague nominated by the in- 
dependents for governor of Rhode Island .... 
17 — Attempt to assassinate Lady Florence 
Dixie at Windsor, England. . . .Ship Dun- 
staffiage wrecked off Aberdeenshire, Scot- 
lana ; fifteen lives lost.... 22 — Arrival in 
New York of the remains of John Howard 
I'ayne, author of "Home, Sweet Home.". . . . 
23 — Reported loss of twenty-three fishing 
smacks off the British coast ; 135 men 
drowned. . . ,25 — In Kenosha, Wis., Postmas- 
ter-General Timothy O. Howe died, aged 
sixty -eight. . . .26 — Avalanche on Mount Ar- 
arat; 150 persons killed. .. .28 — At Wind- 
sor Palace, England, John Brown, the queen's 
attendant, died. . . .29 — In Chicago, Gen. N. 
B. Buford died, aged seventy-six. . . .30 — A 
train thrown down an embankment near Ma- 
son City, Ky. ; fifty-one persons injured, six 
fitally. . . .April 4— Walter Q. Gresham, of 
Indiana, appointed Postmaster-General by 
President Arthur. .. .In New York, Peter 
Cooper died, aged ninety-two .... 5 — In Wash- 
ington, Joseph K. Barnes, ex-surgeon-general 
U.S. A., died, aged sixty-six .. . .Great excite- 
ment in England over dynamite conspiracy 
diselosures; a nitro-glycerine factory discov- 
ered in Birmingham and large quantities of 
dynamite seized in London ; five men arrested 
. . . .7 — Thirteen persons burned in a hotel at 
Greenvill", Texas. .. .8 — Fire destroys 145 
houses at Vallorbe, Switzerland ; 1,200 per- 
sons homeless. . . .13 — Joseph Brad}', one of 
the Phoenix Park conspirators, convicted in 
Dublin and sentenced to be hanged May 14 
18— Daniel Curley, a Phanix Park as- 
sassin, convicted in Dublin and sentenced to 
be hanged May 18.... 19 — Norman, one of 
the alleged dynamite conspirators arrested 
in London, tm-ns informer, . . .Eighteen nihil- 
ists convicted in St. Petersburg; six sen- 
tenced to death. . . .Centennial revolutionary 
anniversaries celebrated at Newburgh, N. Y., 
Lexington and Concord, Mass. .. .21 — In 
Constantinople, Suleiman Pasha died, ageJ 
forty -five. .. .22 — Terrible havoc by torna- 
does in Iowa. Nortli (jarolina, Georgia and 
Mississippi ; villages of Wesson and Beaure- 



CHRONOLOGY. 



185 



gard, Miss,, almost totally destroyed ; 200 to 
HOO lives believed to have been lost ; enor- 
mous damage to property; torrents of rain 
and dre;idful thunder and lightning attend 
the tornado. . . .23 — In Sing Sing, Dr. Pierre 
C. Van Wyck died, aged fifty-nine. . . .27 — 
Michael Fagan, a Phoenix Park assassin, con- 
victed and sentenced to be hanged May 28 
...29 — A mimber of persons killed by a 
tornado near Benton, Texas ...Siven lives 
lost by t^ie upsetting of a boat at Toulon, 
France. . . .May 2 — Patrick Delaney and 
Thomas CafFrey plead guilty of participation 
iti tiie Phoenix Park murders; CafFrey sen- 
tenced to be hanged Juue 2. . . .4 — New York 

legislature adjourns sine die Wm. H. 

Vanderbilt retires from active railroad man- 
agement 8 — Disastrous hail, wind and 

thunder storm at Trenton, N. J., and vicinity 
....^0 — Oil works at Communipaw struck 
by lightning; six lives lost and $500,000 
damage done.... 11 — In Jersey City, Mrs. 
Hannah Simpson Grant, mother of Gen. 

Grant, died, aged eighty-four 12 — In 

Philadelphia, ex-Gov. Israel D. Washburn, of 
Maine, died, aged seventy. . . .13 — Great tor- 
nado in Kansas and Western Missouri ; the 
town of Ornogo entirely wiped out ; terrible 
loss of life and destruction of property. . . . 
14 — Joseph Brady hanged in Dublin for the 
murder of Lord Cavendish and Mr. Burke 
. . . .Destructive wind storms in Ohio, Indi- 
ana, Virginia and Dakota. . . .15 — Treaty of 
■]ieace signed between Chile and Peru. . . .16 
— Tornadoes in Kentucky, Texas, Nebraska 
and other States; Empire, Ky., destroyed; 
several lives.... 17 — In Syracuse, Bishop 
Jesse T. Peck, of the Methodist church, died, 

aged seventy-two 18 — Daniel Curley 

hanged in Dublin for complicity in the Phoe- 
nix I'ark murders. . . .Burning of the steamer 
Granite State near Hartford, Conn. ; several 
lives lost. . . ."acine, Wis., visited by a tor- 
nado; twent^'-five persons killed and great 

destruction caused Destructive wind 

storms in Illinois. Minnesota, Texas, Missouri 
and Nebraska ; sixty-three persons killed in 
Illinois. . . .20 — About half the town of Dead- 
wood, Dak., carried away by a flood; many 
lives lost and much property destroyed. . . . 
21 — Terrific galea on the great lakes. . . .22 — 
Coronation ceremonies in Moscow. . . .24 — 
The East river bridge formally opened with 
imposing ceremonies. . . .25 — Boiler explo- 
sion on the steamer Pilot on Petaluma Creek, 
Cal. ; eighteen lives lost. . . .26 — In Damas- 
cus, Abd-elKailer died, aged seventy-seven 
. . . .27 — Terrific tornado in Indiana; great 
destruction at Clay City and Edinburg ; 
twenty persons killed; much damage by tor- 
nado in Arkansas. . . .Alexander III crowned 
czar of Russia at Moscow. . . .28 — Michael 
Fagan, a Plioenix Park assassin, hanged in 

Dublin 30 — Panic on the East river 

bridge, twelve persons crushed to death ; 



many others injured June 1 — Council 

Bluffs, Iowa, nearly submerged by a sudden 
flood; great damage done.... 2 — Thomas 
Caff^rey, a Phoenix Park assassin, hanged in 
Dublin. . . .3 — Great havoc by a cyclone in 
Barbour county, Ala. . . .4 — Greenville, Tex- 
as, partly destroyed by a tornado. . . .9 — 
Timothy Kelly, a Phoenix Park assassin 
hanged in Dublin. . . .10 — Great damage by 
cyclones in various parts <- f Illinois. . . .11 — 
Destructive cyclones in Wisconsin, Iowa and 
Illinois; enormous damage at Beloit, Wi?., 
and many villages partly destroyed. . . .13 — 
Disastrous cyclone on Long Island ; much 
damage at Hempstead and Garden City. . . . 
14 — The star-route jury rendered a verdict 
of acquiital. . . .In San Francisco, ex-United 
States Senator Eugene Casserly died, aged 
sixty-one. .. .16 — Failure of the great Mc- 
Geoch grain and provision corner in Chicago ; 

liabilities from $1,000,000 to $2,500,000 

Panic in Victoi-ia Hall, Sunderland, England; 
186 children trampled and suffocated to death 
. . . .18 — Great damage by hurricanes, light- 
ning, hail and rain in the Northwest, Ohio, 
I'eunsylvania and elsewhere; Missouri Val- 
ley, Iowa, nearly swept away . . .High water 
in the Mississippi and other streams, and de- 
struction to crops and other property. . . . 
In Philadelphia, James Frederick Wood. 
Catholic archbishop of Philadelphia, died, 
aged seventy. . . .21 — In New York, Chaidey 
Backus, the minstrel, died, aged fifty. . . .23 
— Immense damage by floods in Nebraska ; 
twenty -five lives lost. . . .Disastrous floods 
caused by the breaking of Mississippi river 
levees in Illinois. .. .25 — In Princeton, Ste- 
phen Alexander, emeritus professor of As- 
tronomy in Princeton college, died, aged 
seventy-six... . .Cholera breaks out at Dami- 
etta, Eg3'pt; forty -two deatlis reported. . . .27 
— In London, William Spottiswoode, LL.D., F. 
R. S., queen's printer, died, aged fifty-eight. . 
30— In Washington, Rear-Admiral Benjamin 
F. Sands, U. S. N. (retired), died, aged sev- 
enty-two years. . . .July 1 — Accident on the 
Rochester and Pittsburgh railroad near Brad- 
ford, Penn. ; seven men killed . . .2 — In Dub-, 
lin, the Rev. Father Thomas N. Burke died, ^ 
aged fifty-three .... In Edinburgh, Scotland, 
the. Rev. Dr. Strain, Catholic archbishop, 
died, aged seventy -three. . . .3 — Six persons 
killed by the collision of a railroad train with 
a wagon near Cincinnati. . . .4 — In Cockeys- 
ville, Md., William Pir.kney, LL.D., Episco- 
pal bishop of Maryland, died, a^ed seventy- 
four. . . .In Davenport, Iowa. Bishop John 
McMullen of the Catholic diocese of Dav; ii- 
port, died... In Cincinnati, John Baptist 
Purcell, Catholic archbishop, died, au.ed 
eighty -th ree. .. .5 — In London, the Duke of 
Mnrlboiough died, aged seventy-one. . . .10 — - 
Soldier, Kau., partly demolished by tornado; 
ten persons killed. . . .In Middleboro', M iss., 
Charles II. Strattou ("Tom Thumb") died. 



186 



CHKONOLOGY. 



aged forty-fivG. . . .13 — Terrific wind, thun- 
der and liglituino- storms in various parts cf 
Dakota, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Illinois; 
great damage done and manj- serious casual- 
ties. . . .Part of an excur-ion party ihi-own 
into the water by the collapse of a dock at 
North Point, Tivoli, near Baltiiuoi-e ; sixty- 
five persons drowned. .. .16 — Cholera gene- 
rally prevalent in lower Egypt except at 
Alexander; breaks out -with great virulence 
at Cairo.... 18 — Hanlan, the oarsman, de- 
feats Ross at Ogdensburgby sixteen lengths; 
distance four miles, time 27:5Yi. . . .19 — Dis- 
astrous fire in Brooklyn ; a pier and three 
ships burned, two men di'owned and several 
firemen injured; loss $500,000. .. .General 
strike of telegraphers employed by the West- 
ern Union company. . . .21 — ^The internation- 
al rifle match at WirabLdon, England, won 
by the British team. . . .Six hundred deaths 
from cholera at Cairo. . . .Tornadoes cause 
great destruction and loss of several lives in 
Minnesota and Wisconsin ; a train blown 
from the track near St. Paul ; several persons 
killed. . . .22 — In Havana, of yellov/ lever. 
Gen. E. 0. C. Ord died, aged sixty -live. . . . 
23 — In Boston, Ginery Twichell died, aged 
eeventy-two. . . .In Washington, Commodore 

William N. Jeffers, U. S. N., died 24— 

Captain Matthew Webb, the English swim- 
mer, drowned while attempting to swim the 
whirlpool rapids at Niagara. . . .In Leesburg, 
Va., Thomas Swaun, ex-governor of Mary- 
land, died, aged seventy-eight. . . .26 — Mar- 
shall T. Polk, the defaulting treasurer of 
Tennessee, convicted and sentenced to twen- 
ty years imprisonment 27 — In Silver 

fcprings, Md., Montgomery Blair died, aged 

seventy 28 — Accident on the Rome, 

Watertown and Ogdensburgh railroad at 
Carlyon, N. Y. ; twenty-three persons killed, 
over forty injured. .. .Earthquake at Casa- 
micciola, in the island of Ischia, Italy; 5,000 
persons killed and the town nearly destroyed 
. . . .29 — In New York (suicide by shooting), 
Senor Don Francisco Barca, t;panish minister 
to the United States, died, aged fifty-two. . . . 
James Carey, the Dublin informer, shot dead 
on a steamer near Port Elizabeth, Cape Col- 
ony, by Patrick O'Donnell, who is arrested 
. . . .August 1 — The Southern Exposition at 
Louisville, Ky., opened by President Arthur 
. . . .2 — Number of deaths in Egypt, to date, 
from cholera, reported to be 11,000. . . .6 — 
Proctor Knott, democrat, elected governor 

of Kentucky Y — Destructive and fatal 

wind and hail storms in Iowa and Kansas. . . . 
9 — Four dynamite conspirators at Liverpool 
convicted a:id sentenced to penal servitude 
for life.... 13 — Sudden decline in stocks in 
New York; almost a piinic; numerous fail- 
ures. .. .The Kimball House, Atlanta, Ga., 

burned ; loss $1.00i>,00o 15— Courtney 

defeated at Watkins by Lee and Ross. . . .16 
— Burnintr of United States Rolling Stock 



Company's building at Chicago ; loss $500,000 
. . . .17 — End of the telegraijlier's strike; the 
operators defe ted. . . .18 — In Port au Prince, 
liayti. Princess Soulouque died.... In Car- 
diff, Wales, William Wirt Sikes die;!, aged 
forty -six. . . .Outbreak of yellow fev^r at the 
navy y;ird, Pensacola. . . .19 — In Erif, Penn., 
Judge Jere S. Black died, aged seventy-three 
. . . .Terrific storm in Ontario, Canada; great 
damage by wind and rain.... 21 — Fearlul 
cyclone at Rochester, Minn.; one-third of th3 
town destroyed; a railroad train lifted from 
the track; thirty persons killed, fifty wound- 
ed 23 — The Northern Pacific railroad 

completed. . . .24 — In Frohsdorf, Austria, the 
Count de Chambord died, aged sixty-three 
. . . .26 — Appalling destruction of life and 
property by volcanic eruption in Java ; 

100,000 lives estimated lost 27— News of 

the death of Ranavala, queen of Madagascar 
. . . .Tidal waves and earthquake shocks at 
St. Thoiuas. . . .28 — Explosion of the boiler 
of the steamer Riverdale off New York; six 

lives lost 29 — Tidal wave and terrific 

storms along the Atlantic coast; much dam- 
age done in New Jersey and elsewhere; 
nearly lOO fishermen lost in the gale on the 
Newfoundland fishing banks; many marine 
disasters and much loss of life; violent hur- 
ricanes on the Atlantic. .. .September 2 — 
Earthquake near Rome; great danjage by a 
hurricane in Paris; storms throughout Eu- 
rope causing widespread disaster. .. .3 — In 
Bouvigal, France, Ivan Tourgueneff, the R\is- 
sian novelist, died, aged sixty-five. . . .Nine 
lives lost at a fire in Cincinnati. .. .Wreck 
of the steamer Britannia on Sable Island; 
twelve lives lost. . . .4 — In London, William 
Marwood, the hangman, died, aged fifty. . . . 
6 — Frank James acquitted of the cliarge of 
train robbing at Gallatin Mo. .. .Great de- 
struction by forest fires in the vicinity of 
Boston....? — News of a destructive hurri- 
cane in the West Indies 8 — The last 

spike in the Northern Pacific railroad driven 
at Gold Spike, Montana, with impressive 
ceremonies. . . .Terrible hurricane in Nassau, 
W. I.; fifty vessels wrecked, sixty lives lost 
. . . .10 — Heavy damage by frost in the east- 
ern, middle and western States. ...12 — In 
Monmou h Beach, N. J., Hugh J. Hastings 
died, aged sixty-three. . . .13 — News of .the 
foundering in ISmith's sound, July 23, of the 
steamer Proteus, sent to the relief of the 
Arctic observation party commanded by 
Lieut. Greely. . . .16 — In Manchester, Mass., 
Junius Brutus Booth died, aged sixty-two 

22 — In Summit, N. J., the Rev. Edwin 

F. Hatfield. D. D., died, aged seventy-seven 

24 — Disastrous storm on Lake Erie; 

many vessels wrecked and others damaged 
. . . .25 — F. Mayer <fe Co , New York, fail for 
$2,000,000 and Levy Brothers & Co. for 

$1,500,000 26— Ben. Butler renominated 

for governor bj' the Massachusetts democrats 



CHRONOLOGT. 



187 



. . . .28 — Explosion at the California Powder 
Works, Pinole, Cal. ; forty Chinamen killed 
. . . .The great national statue of Germania 
watching the Rhine unveiled at Rudesheiin, 
Germany. . . .29 — Powder explosion at Mad- 
rid, Spain ; fifteen persons killed. . . .Violent 
demonstrations in Paris against King Alfonso 
of Spain. : . . . .October 1 — Two-cent letter 
postage goes into effect. . . .2 — In Baltimore, 
Md., Rear Admiral Joshua R. Sands, U. S. 
N. (retired), died, aged eighty-nine. .. .3 — 
Exposition building at Pittsburgh, Penn., 

burned; loss |1, 000,000 9— Elections in 

Iowa and Ohio ; Republican success in the 
former; Democratic victory in the latter. . . . 
10 — In Montreal, the Rev. Dr. Ferdinand C. 
Ewer, rector of St. Ignatius church. New 
York, died, aged fifty seven. .. .13 — Panic 
in a synagogue at Ziwonka, Russia; forty 
women killed . . .Earthquakes in Asia Minor 
and the Grecian archipelago ; 200 lives re- 
ported lost 14 — A railroad bridge at 

Aguos Calientes, Mexico, falls with a con- 
struction train; five men killed. .. .18 — In 
Toledo, Ohio, Gen. James B. Steedman died, 

aged sixtj'-five 21 — In London, Capt. 

Mayne Reid died, aged sixty-five. . . .23 — 
Lord Lansdowne inaugurated governor-gene- 
ral of Canada. . . .Metropolitan opera house. 
New York, opened. . . .Seven persons fatally 
injured by an explosion in a squib factory at 

Kingston, Penn 28 — Great destruction 

and loss of life by a cyclone in Louisiana. . . . 
Nevv's of terrific gales on the Atlantic; nu- 
merous wrecks reported 30 — Two ex- 

]ilosions in the tunnels of the London under- 
ground railway; thirty persons injured. . . . 
November 1 — Gen. Sherman retires and 
Lieut.Gen. Sheridan takes command of the 
army. . . .First snowfall of the season in vari- 
ous parts of New York. . . .Fire in Savannah, 
Ga.; $1,000,000 damages, nine lives lost. . . . 
2 — In Ltica, A. B. Johnson (suicide) died, 
aged fifty-two. . . .6 — Elections in ten States, 
including New York, which elects Gen. Jos- 
eph B. Carr, republican, secretary of State, 
and a republican legislature; Ben. Butler 
defeated by George D. Robinson, republican, 
for governor in Massachusetts; a republican 
elected governor in Minnesota and a democrat 
governor in Maryland. . . .7 — In Morristown, 
N. J., ex-Gov. and ex-United States Senator 
Theodore F. Randolph died, aged forty-seven 
. . . .8 — Fall of a portion of the capitol roof 
at Madison, Wis., eight persons killed or 
fatally injured. . . .News of the loss of the 
British steamer Iris off the Spanish coast ; 

thirty -five men drowned 10 — The four 

hundredth anniversary of Luther's birth 
generally observed imposing celebrations 
throughout Germany. .. .11 — Terrific wind 
storms, accompanied by severe cold, snow 
and rain; sixty vessels lost and fifty -five 
persons drowned on the lakes ; many ship- 
wrecks with loss of life on the Atlantic; 



great damage to property by wind.,.. In 
Buffalo, Commander Charles H. Cushman, 

U. S. N. (retired), died, aged fifty-two 12 

— Fire at Shenandoah, Penn.; 250 families 

homeless; loss $1,000,000 In Manchester, 

N. II., ex-Gov. Natt. Head died, aged fifty- 
five 13 — In New York, Dr. J. Mariim 

Sims died, aged seventy. . . .In Morristown, 
N. J., Rear Admiral J. H. Creighton, U. S. 
N. (retired), died, aged sixty-one. . . .15 — In 
New York, Rear-Admiral S. D. Trenchard, 

U. S. N, died, aged sixty-five 18— The 

new standard of time generally adopted. . . . 
20 — In Burlington, Iowa, Gen. A. C. Dodge, 
ex-United States senator and ex-minister to 
Spain, died, aged seventy-two. . . .21 — News 
of the loss in a gale on Lake Superior of the 
steamer Manistee, with thirty-five persons on 

board The French steamer Rocaberg 

sunk by collision on the Atlantic; eighty- 
eight lives lost. . . .Destructive cyclones in 
Illinois and Arkansas; several persons killed 

23 — In New York, District-Attorney 

John McKeon died, aged seventy five. . . .24 
— President Arthur pardons Sergeant Mason, 
confined in the Albany penitentiary for 
shooting at Guiteau. . . .26 — In Battle Creek, 
Mich., Sojourner Truth died, aged one hun- 
dred and eight. . . .Imposing centennial cele- 
bration on Evacuation day in New York. . . . 
2Y — Albany, Wis., nearly destroyed by fire ; 
five persons killed. . . .29 — Windsor theatre. 

New York, burned; loss $200,000 

December 1 — Patrick O'Donnell convicted 
in London of killing James Carey, the infor- 
mer. . . .Masonic Temple, New York, dam- 
aged $200,000 by fire Farwell block and 

Evening Journal office, Chicago, burned ; loss 
$260,000 ; two women killed by fd'ing ti) 
the sidewalk. . . .2 — The steamer Alaska runs 
down the pilot-boat Columbia off Fire Island; 
ten persons lost. . . . A new ship wrecked at 
Digby, N. S.; eight persons drowned . . 3 — 
Forty-eighth congress meets ; John G. Car- 
lisle elected speaker of the house by the 
democrats 5 — Six hundred houses de- 
stroyed by fire in Constantinople. . . .11 — 
Terrific gale in Great Britain and along the 
coast; many shipwrecks and great loss of 

life and propertj' 14 — In Paris, Henri 

Martin,- the historian, died, aged seventy- 
three 16 — In Washington, I). C, Dudley 

C. Haskell, M.C., of Kansas, died, aged forty- 
one 1*7 — Patrick O'Donnell hanged in 

Newgate prison, London, for killing James 

Carey, the informer 18 — Twelve fishing 

vessels from Gloucester, Mass., with 159 men, 
lost within three months. . . .20 — New canti- 
lever bridge across Niagara river opened. . . . 
24 — A railroad train runs into a washout 
near Salem, Ind.; seven persons killed. . . . 
Eight men killed by a snowslide at Tellu- 
ride, Col. . . .27 — In New Orleans, Napoleau 
Joseph Perche, Roman Catholic archbishop 
of New Orleans, died, aged seventy -eight. 



188 



FOREIGN NATIONS. 



FOREIGN NATIONS. 



' PRESENT EULEES, POPULATION, SQUARE MILES, ETC. 



States, itc. 



Abyssinia 

AtRlianistau 

Aiiain (Cocliin China) 

Arabia (Mu.*cat 

Argentino Reijublic. 

Austi Ta-Hungary 

Baden 

Barbary Sts (Tripoli) 

Bavaria 

Belgium 

Beloocliistau 

Bolivia 

•Borneo 

Brazil 

Burniah 

Cambodia 

Cana !a, IJoniinion ot 

Cape Colony 

China 

Chili 

Colombia 

Corea 

Costa Rica 

Dahomey 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Egypt.. 

France 

Germany 

<it. Britain &. Ireland 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Hesse 

Ilayti 

Honduras 

Italy 

Japan 

Liberia 

Mad isa^car 

Mccklen'g Schwerin. 

M cklenberg Strelitz. 

Mexico - 

Montenegro 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Nicaragua 

Oldenburg 

Orange Krce States. . . 

iHaraguay 

(Persia 

'Peru 

Portugal 

Prussia 



Koumania 

KuBSian Empire (all) 
Saxe Cobui;.; ttUollia. 

Saxe-Mc'iiiingen 

Saxe- Weimar 

Saxony 

Sandwich Islands .. . 

San iJomingo 

San Salvador 

Servia 

Siam 

Spain 

Sweden & Norway. . . 

Switzerland 

'rnrkish Empire 

Tunis I Tunl_ 

United States i Washington... 

Uruguay ! Monte Video 

V ue/ti.- a [Car;icas 

VVurlciii Imrg Siutti-'art. . .... 

/.auzibar I Zanzibar 

. I 



Magdala 

Cabijol 

Hue 

Muscat 

Uuenos Ayres. 

Vienna 

Carlsruhe 

Tripoli 

Munich 

Brussels 

Kelat 

Oruro 

Borneo 

Rio de Janeiro 

-Mandalay 

fanonipin. .. 

Ottawa 

Cape Town 

Pekin 

S mtiago 

Bogota 

Kingkitiio 
San Jose. 

Abomey 

I'openliageii .. 

Quito 

Cairo 

Paris 

Heriin 

London 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Darmstadt 

P't-au Prince. 
Coniayagua.. . 

Kome 

Tokio 

vionrovia 

Antananarivo 

•■^chwcrin 

.Strelitz 

Mexico 

Ccttigne 

Morocco 

-Amsterdam. . . 

Managua 

Oldenburg ... 
BloeiHti ntein . 

Asuncion 

Teheran 

Lima 

Lisbon 

Berlin 

I Rorne 

Hucliarest 

St. Petersburg 
tJotlia & (Vb'rg 

.vieiningen 

\Veimar 

r).o,-den 

IFonoUilu.! 

San Domingo. 
San Sa.Vador. 

Belgrade 

Bangkok 

Madrid 

Stockholm 

Berne 

Constantinopl 



JoliannesIIfKassa 

Abdnl Ra'n Khan 

I'.JJUc ivunphua 

Sevd l-i.T!in Siiid. 

Gen Boca 

Francis Joseph I. 

Fiederick I 

An't izz^t I'asha. 

LouisH 

L opoldll 

Kbodada t 

Narciso Campero 

Abdul Mmuein 

Dom Pedro 1 1 

Tlicbau 

OngS'detchN'd'ni 

.Marquis of Lome. 

H. G.E.Robinson 

ICi.angau 

Dom'froSta Marl!.' 

Fran.J. Zaldred.. 
iZun£-i;he 

Pros. Fernandez. 

Adabaonzon II. . . 

Christianl.V 

GendeVcititimilla 

Tewflk Pasha 

F. P. Jules Grevy. 

miliami 

Victoria I 

Georgios I 

J. Kuuii) Barrios. 

Louis IV 

Gen. Salomon.... 

Marco A. Soto 

Humbert I 

Mu su llito 

A. W. Girdner.... 

BanavnlonaTTT ... 

Fred'k Francis II. 

Fred'k^Mdiam I. 

Gen. M.Gonzalez 

Nicola? 

Muley Hassan 

William III 

Joaquin Zavala. 

Peter I 

.1. 11. Brand 

Gen.Caballero... 

Nassar-ed-Diu 

Gen. IglcBias 

Dom Luis I 

Wil:i«ni I 

ILeoXITI 

Karll 

Alexander III 

Ernstll '.... 

George II 

Charles. Mex'nder 

Albert I 

David Kalakaua.. 

UlyfcsebiieureucU 

RntaclZaldivar.. 

Milan V 

P. S. Paraminthra 

Alfonso XII 

Oscar II 

Emile Welti.. 
lAbdulHaiiiidll.. 
iS.MohEl-Sadak..' 

Chester .'\. Arthur 
i Maximo 5antcB...| 

Geii...i.G.i;ianco 

Chariest 

ScydE.lUnSaid... 



King 

Shah 

King 

Iniaum 

President 

Emperor 

Grand Duke. 

Pasha 

King 

King 

Khan 

President 

Sultan 

Emperor 

King 

King 

Gov. General 
Governor...'. 

Emperor 

President.... 
President... 

King 

President... 

King 

King 

President 

Khedive...;. 

President 

Emperor 

(^ueen 

King 

President... 
Grand Duke 

President 

Pr sident — 

King 

Mikado 

President,.. 

Queen 

(irand Duke 
Grand Duke 
President. 
Hospodar.. 

Saltan 

King 

P esident. 
Grand Duke 
President... 
President.. 

Shah 

President... 

King 

King 

Pope 

Kin;; 

Emiieror... 

Duke 

Duke 

Grand Duke 

King 

King 

President... 
President . . 

King 

First King . 

King 

King 

President .. 

Sultan 

Bey 

President.. 
President.. 
[President... 

jiving 

Sultan 



3,000,000 

2,5co,oco 
1,500,000 
1,500,000 
2,400,000 
37,741,413 

1,200,000 
5.221, =,16 

900,000 

2,325,000 

l,;co,ooo 

9 448,2:« 

3,400,000 

1,020,000 

4.352,080 

1,240.824 

374,626,000 

2,400,896 

2,951.323 

9,000,000 

200,000 

300,000 

2,069,400 

1,146,000 

5,517,627 

37,072,04b 

45,194.172 

35,246,643 

1,679,775 

1,500,000 

936,944 

572,000 

250,000 

28,459,411 

36,358,994 

720,000 

4,203,000 

5S3.734 

100.2D9 

10,001,884 

245,380 

6,356.000 

4'Ji4,o77 

350,000 

319.314 

57,000 

293,844 

7.600,000 

3,374,000 

4,048.551 

27,202,297 

I 5,37'^ .000 

85,6b ',,945 

194,429 

IW,494 

292,903 

2,972,bu5 

62,000 

250.000 

554,000 

1 070,000 

5,7^0,000 

iO,62^,-^89 

6.:>!:6,iV! 

2,846,102 

22,CCO,000 
1 .500,000 
50,155.783 

4;:i'".245 
2.075,245 
1,970,132 

1^0,000 



I5B,0CC 
20O,00C 

198,000 

c,2,OCC 

827,15; 

240,41=, 
5,8m 

314,400 
29,292 
11,369 

140,000 

500,740 

290,000 

3,217,645 
152,000 

33,52+ 
3,204,381 

240,110 
4,5S9.3£*I 

124,0' . 

320,638 
87,364 
26,040 

14,784 
248,3 
212,600 
204 ,030 
208,624 

i<;,94i 
40,776 
2,965 

10,2U4 

39,840 
114.380 
146,568 

60,000 

230,0c L. 

4,^34 

997 

743,948 

3,5.';o 

313,000 

12,727 

49,51.0 

2,4:7 

42,470 

SI,c8j 

636,21:3 

440 3W 

;;f,5io 
135,955 

4Q,26r 
8,325,393 

933 
1,421 
5,/tv 
7,0-8 
20.956 



3,6o2,9c,o 

73,538 

439. '19 

7,531 



Coptic. 

Mohani'dan. 

Buddhist. 

.VIoliam'dan. 

R. t;atholic. 

K. Catholic. 

R. C. & Prot 

-Mohani'dan. 

R. Catholic. 

I{. <atholic. 

Mohani'dan. 

R. (latholic. 

Pagan. 

It. Catholic. 

Buddhist. 

Hudilhist. 

Protestant. 

Protest:! nt. 

Hud. A Pagan. 

P.. Catholic. 

It. Catholic. 

ConfiiCi'tBud. 

R. Catholic. 

Pag:in. 

Luthiuan. 

R. Cath. lie. 

Maliom'dan. 

R. Catholic. 

Protestant 

Priitestant 

(ireckfh'roh 

R. Catholic. 

Lutlienui. 

R. Cathol c. 

R. C thoic. 

It. C' thoiic. 

Buddliist. 

Prote tant 

Christian. 

Lutheran. 

Lutlieran. 

R. Cathoae. 

Greek (;i)"rch 

Mohani'dan. 

Prote tant. 

K. Catholic. 

Lutheran. 

I'rotest.iiit 

R. Catlio'ic. 

Moham'dan. 

R. t!atholic. 

R. Catholic. 

Protestant 

Greek (Mi'rch 
Greek Cli'rcU 
Lutheran. 
Lutheran. 
Lutheran. 
Luth. A R. 0. 
Protestant 
R. Calliolic. 
R. Catholic. 
Greek Ch'rch 
Buddhist. 
R, Catholic. 
Lutheran. 
I'rot. <St K G. 
Mohani'dan. 

iMoham'daa. 
Cbristian. 
K. Catliouc. 
R. r.nil'.c ic. 
Luthei;ni. 
Moham'iiaii. 



' Th;.'-, is "arvpi proper. Its olr.l'ne'l tcrvilorlcG, Xnbla, Kordofan, etc., arc of uncertain cr.tcat 
and popuUiLJoa, and d.^ubtful uLe^'iancc. 



189 
COMMERCE WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 

Thb United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and its dependencies and 
Colonies, has always been our largest customer for our productions, and was for 
many years our largest creditor also, sending us her manufactured goods and receiv- 
ing in return our raw materials iu sixch quantities as she required for home or 
foreign consumption, and thus having almost always a balance of trade against us, 
which we were obliged to pay in coin. 

Of late years, the balance has been the other way, and a large portion of our 
bonded debt, held by foreigners, has been paid from this surplus. 

It will bo interesting and instructive to review this commerce for the 89 years of 
•which we have record of it. In 1790, we imported from Great Britain, merchan- 
dise of the value of $13,563,044, and exported to her and her dependencies, mer- 
chandise valued at $6,888,478, our exports thus being almost exactly one-half of our 
imports. Our total imports in 1802. were $767,111,964, and our total exports 
$20,205,156. Our total imports in 1878, were $466,872,846, and our total exports 
$799,959,'/ 36. In 1882, our imports of merchandise from the British Empire, were 
$504,928,485, and our exports of merchandise to the countries comprising that 
Empire, were $519,410,661. 

The imports and exports of specie and bullion, which were about equal, are 
excluded in both cases. In other wurds, our imports are about 12 times as large 
as they were in 1790, and our exports 65^ times as large. It will be interesting to 
notice some of the items which made up our early exports to Great Britain, and 
to compare them with the exports at the present time. In th is way we can ascertain, 
in part, what have been our principal productions, for, as a general rule, a nation 
exports only those things of which it has a suri^lus, after supplying its own wants. 
In rare instances, it has not facilities for working up its raw material to advantage, 
and exports it, receiving back that material in a manufactured form. This was the 
case with our cotton, to some extent, for many years, and also with our ores of cop- 
per, zinc, «S:c., and the demand was so great abroad for some of our fruits, that the 
entire crop was exported. The following table gives our principal articles of export 
to Great Britain, in 1790. Some of these were goods imported and re-exported 
by us: 

KXPOBTS FKOM THE UNITED STATES TO GEEAT BKITAIN DUKING THE FISCAL YEAB 
ENDED SEPT. 30, 1790. 

Quantity. Value. 

Tobacco, hogsheads 73,708 $2,754,493 

Cotton, raw, bales 1,403 47,428 

Ashes, pot and pearl, tons 7, 675 747. 079 

Flax-seed, cakes 36,917 219,924 

Wheat, bushels 292,042 355,361 

Corn, bushels 98,407 56,205 

Flour, barrels 104, 880 676, 274 

Meal, barrels 1.401 5,435 

Eice, tierces 36,930 773,852 

Beef and pork, Barrels 154 898 

Bread, barrels 201 610 

Butter, firkins, 384 2,310 

Honey, firkins 151 906 

Tallow, pounds 156,708 17,211 

Oil, whale, barrels 1,738 21,04$ 

Oil, sperm, barrels 3,840 60,000 

Tar, barrels. 71,077 105,510 

Turpentine, barrels 27,800 71,240 

Pitch, barrels 7,000 13,920 

SeediS and roots 1,242 

Btaves and heading 177,968 



190 ^ COMMENCE WITH GREAT BRITAIN, 

^ , Qwintity. Yalvs. 

Lnmber , $35,204 

Timber, scantlings, shingles, &c 27,402 

Leather, pounds 8,650 2,316 

fiunff, pcimds 4j00 1,394 

Wax, pounds 87,294 21.852 

Deer-skms 25,642 

Furs _ ^ 35 899 

Ginseng, cmiks 529 32424 

Tig- ircii. tons , 3,258 78,673 

Bar-iron, tons 40 2. 9l3 

Indigo, pounds 532,542 473,830 

Logwood, tons 216 3,019 

Lignum vita3, tons 75 750 

Mahogany 16,724 

Wines, pipes 45 4,425 

Merchandise ... 8,041 

Uueniimerated 10^330 

Total, $6,888,978 

The indigo, dye, and cabinet woods and wines were of foreign j^roduction, ns 
was also, without doubt, the bar-iron and a large quantity of pig-irou. It will be 
observed that the great Southbrn staple, tobacco, soon to yield the supremacy to 
cotton, was of the value of $2,750,000, or 40 per cent, of the whole export. 

We should notice, also, that cotton, before the invention of the cotton gins, was 
but a very small item, its value being only $47,428, n' arly $34 per bale, though the 
bales at this time weighed only 150 pounds. The exports of cereals, wheat, corn, 
flour and meal, were about $1,092,000, a small amount as conipar^id with our present 
export, but almost one-sixth of the whole export to Great Britain at that time. 

The amount of provisions exported is very trifling, in marked contrast with our 
present immense export. There was no marked increase in the export of cotton 
itutil 1796, when 5,628,176 pounds were sent to Great Britain, valued at aboui 
$1,407,000. Seven years later, the export to that country was 27,760,574 pounds, 
worth $6,107,326, or almost as much as the entire exports to that country 13 years 
before. The same year (1803), 50,274 hogsheads of tobacco, worth $4,524,660, 
were exported to England. These two items making more than five-eighths of the 
whole export. From this time till 1860, there was a steady increase in each decade, 
of the cotton export. In 1860, though the price of cotton had fallen to 10 or 19 
cents a pound, the export of it to Great Britain and its dependencies, amounted to 
1134,929,000, while the total exports to that country, amounted to $168, 960,0(iO, only 
$34,000,000 being for all other articles. In 1866, the price of cotton being high, 
our cotton exports to the British Empire amounted to $218,772,000, against 
$287,516,000 of our total exports to that Empire. During the 14 yeai-s since 1868, 
our exports of cotton to the British tmpire, have aggregated $1,445,0(>4,000, an 
annual average of $120,442,000, against $3,445,037,(100 of exports of all kinds of 
merchundise to that Empire, or an annual average of $287,089,083; cotton being 
nearly 42 per cent, of the average exports. The following table gives the aggre- 
gate b 7 decades, of imports and exports, and of exports of cotton to the British 
Empire, for oP years- 

Eocports. 
Teriodg. Imports. Exports. of Cotton. \ 

3821 <50 $290,831,000 $242,482,000 $1«5,397,0G0 

1831 40.... 475,194,000 462,146,000 378,185,000 

1841 50.... 464,358,000 570,651,000 378,576,000 

185] 60 1,166,322,000 1,193,350,000 840,436,000 

1861-70 1,343,702.000 l,748.307.('0O 799,810,000 

l»Vl-80 1,820,966,272 3,484,812,753 1,375,847,593 

Total for 60 years.. $5, 561,373,272 $7,701,748,753 $3,958,251,593 

Annual average 92,689,555 128,362,479 65,970,860 

Our trade with the United Kingdom during the last 60 years aggregates, in round 
numbers, $6,661,000,000 in imports, and $7,702,000,000 in exports, an excess of ex- 
norti over imports of $2,141,000,000, which has been used in paying balances to 
oreditor nations 

It was not, however, till 1847, that onr exports to the United Kingdom, began, as 
r.' rule, to exceed our importB. Since that date there has been but eix yt-ara out of 



COMMERCE WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 



191 



81, in which we imported more merchandise from Great Britain than we sent her, 
these years were 1850, 1852, 1853, 1854 and 1 855, and 1864, and, as we had said, the 
excess of our exports in the 60 yeai-s since 1820, amouats ty $2,141,000,000. 

Let us now give a list of our principal ex lorta to the British Empire, in 1881, by 
way of comparison with those of 1790, on the preceding page. 



PRINCIPAL DOMESTIC EXPOETS TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN 1881. 



Values. 
Agricnltnral Implements and Ma- 
chines $1,50^, no 

Ashes, Pot and Pearl 66,898 

Bark for tanning 64,831 

Blacking log, iSs 

Bones, Bone-black, &c 68,606 

Books, &c 499,944 

Braes, &c 121,743 

Breadstuffs 170,871, "lOi 

Brooms, Brashes, and Candles 134,394 

Carriages, Carts, and Railroad Cars. . . 748.907 

Clocks 773,599 

Coal 2,297,340 

topper 85,^24 

Cordage 68,iio 

Cotton, raw I56,m9,396 

Cotton, manufactured 3,324,600 

Distilled and Fermented Spirits si8,oi;7 

Drugs and Chemicals 1,618,076 

Eartnen Stone and China Ware 79.3;-iS 

Fancy Articles 294 .182 

Fruit 2,989, tbg 

Fur and Fur Skins 4,462,404 

Gensing 561 , =;45 

Glass 368,710 

Hair 236,764 

Hats and Caps 227,656 

Hay 1x1.404 

Hemp, and manufactures of 594.072 

Hides and Skins 734,701 

Hops 2,005,890 

Iron and manufactures of Iron / ,.0, ,„ 

Steel and manufactures of Steel. . . J * 5.904.4-!- 

Je welry 109,882 

Lamps 133.550 



Leather and manufactures of Leather. 

Living Animals of all kinds 

Manures 

Marble, &c 

Musical Instruments 

Naval Stores 

Oil Cake 

Oils, animal and vegetable 

Oils, niineral 

Ordnance Stores 

Paints and Paintings 

Paper, (Sc 

Perlumery 

Plated Ware 

Provisions 

Quicksilver 

Keflned Sujjar ai.d Molasses 

Rubber G oorts 

Scales and Balances 

Seeds 

Sewing Machines 

Soap 

Spirits of Turpentine 

Starch 

Tallow 

Tobacco, mannf 'd and unmanufd 

Watches 

Wearing r.pparel 

Wood. Tiiuof-r and muinir« of Wood.. 

Wool and m.inulactures of 

Zinc and manufactures of 

Articles 1 ot enumerated 



VaUiei. 

$5,329,332 

14,923,610 

480,373 

753,669 

1,383,081 

6,284,732 

1.53 ,855 

9.535.189 

104.379 

255,520 

462,493 

89,119 

157,871 

106,27^,669 

618,792 

1,180,926 

206,151 

159.857 

734.937 

807,670 

149.074 

6,518 440 

"94.635 

4,020,895 

8,564 388 

8.1,078 

„ 279.9J9 

8,444,364 

265,427 

119,439 

6,666,154 



Total exports 539,264,552 



A comparison of these two lists will show that while the exports of most of the 
articles which then were staples, have increased enormously, a few have dropped out 
entirely. We do not export now, pot and pearl ashes, flax-seed, rice, wax (nor till 
the present year, honey), whale and sperm oiJ^, and very small amounts of seeds and 
roots, or indigo, logwood, lignum vUse, or mahogany. "We do export some wines, 
but they are of our own manufacture. 

Tobacco, cotton, breadstuffs, provisions, tallow, furs, and naval stores were sent to 
England in 1881 to the amount of over 452 millions of dollars; while mineral oils, 
which were unknown in 1790; wood in manufactured forms, oil cake, living animals, 
leather and its manufacture.", iron and steel and their manufactures, refined sugar and 
molasses, hops, agricultural implements, sewing machines, musical instruments, 
clocks, carriages and railroad cars, manufactured cotton goods, coal and hemp, are 
among the new articles whicii figure most largely in our exports, even to Great Brit- 
ain, after the great staples. Our imports from the British Empire in 1881 were 
$246,141,823, considerable less than one-half the amount of our exports to the 
empire. 

A considerable portion of these new exports.are the result directly and indirectly, 
of our Centennial Exposition here, and that of Paris in 18Y8; and if we are careful 
to encourage our agriculture and our manufactures and to make known oiir products 
to the world, it is not too much to hope that before the dawn of the twentieth century, 
we shall be the leading commercial nation of the world, and Xew York will he, what 
London has been for bo many years, the financial Capital of the world, 



192 



NATIONAL DEBTS OF THE WORLD. 



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nOYAL FAMILY OF ENGLAND. 193 



THE QUEEN AND ROYAL FAMILY OF ENGLAND. 

THE QUEEN.— ViCTOKiA, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- 
land, Queen, Defender of the Faith. Her Majesty was born in Kensington Palace, 
May 2-i, 1819; succeeded to the throne June 20, 1837, on the death of her uncle, 
King William IV.; was crowned June 28, 1838; and married Feb. 10, 1840, to His 
Koyal Higjhness, Prince Albert, who died Dec. 14, 1861. Her Majesty is the only 
chiid of his late Royal Highness, Edward, Duke of Kent, son of King George III. 
The children of Her Majesty are — 

Her Royal Highne?^s Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, Princess Royal of E>fGLANi» 
AND Prussia, born Nov. 21, 1840, and married to His Imperial Highness William, 
the Crown Prince of Germany, Jan. 5, 1858, and has had issue, four sons and four 
daughters. Two sons (the third and fourth) have died; the first, Francis, June 18, 
1866; the second, Waldemar, March 27, 1879. The eldest daughter, V. E. 
A. Charlotte, was married Feb. 18, 1878, to Hereditary Prince of Saxe Meiningen, and 
has one child. 

His Koyal Highness Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Born Nov. 9, 1841 ; mar- 
ried, March 10, 1863, Alexandria of Denmark, (Princess of Wales), born Dec. 1, 
1844, and has had issue, Prince Albert Victor, born Jan. 8, 1864, George Frederick 
Ernest Albert, bom June 3, 1865; Louisa Victoria Alexandra Dagmar, born Feb. 
20, 1867; Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary, born July 6, 1868; Maude Charlotte Mary 
Victoria, born Nov, 26, 1869, and Alexander J. C. A., born 6th April, died 7th 
April, 1871. 

Her Royal Highness Alice Maud Mary, bom April 25, 1843; married to H. R. H. 
Prince Louis Frederick of Hesse, July 1, 1862, and hadissue five daiighters and one 
son; second son killed by accident May, 1873; Youngest daughter died of diph- 
theria, Nov. 15, 1878, and H. R. H. died of the same disease, Dec. 14, 1878. 

His Royal Highness Alfred Ernest Albert, duke of Edindurgh, born Aug. 6, 
1844; married Her Imperial Highness, the Grand Dutchess Marie, of Russia, Jan. 23, 
1874, and has one son and three daughters. 

Her Royal Highness Helena Augusta Victoria, born May 25, 1846; married to 
H.'R. H. Prince Frederick Christian Charles Augustus Schleswig-Holstein-Son- 
derburg-Augustenburg, July 5, 1866, and has had issue three sons and two 
daughters. The youngest son died when seven days old. May 19, 1876. 

Her Royal Highness Louisa Carolina Alberta, born March 18, 1848; married to 
John, Marquis of Lome, eldest son of the Duke of Argyle, March, 1871. The Mar- 
quis is now Governor General of Canada. 

His Royal Highness Arthur William Patrick Albert, born May 1, 1850, Duke of 
Connaught, married March 13, 1879, to the Princess Louisa Margaret, grand niece 
of the Emperor of Germany, and daughter of Prince Frederick Karl. He is Colonel- 
in-chief of the Rifle Brigade since May 29, 1880. 

His Royal Highness Leopold George Duncan Albert, born April 7, 1853, 11. K, Bt, 
took orders in the Anglican Church in 1879. 

Her Royal Highness Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore, bom AprU 15, 1S57. 



194 



AUTTTTAI, AVEP.AO'B CONSTJMPTIOIT Or SPIMTTTOTS AND MaLT LlQITOKS AfTD TVlNSS IN THE tTNTTEn 

Statks (luring the three years endi:.g Juue 30, 1878, and the actual consumption for the years 
ending June 30, 1879, 1880, i8Si, and 1882, and the wholesale value of these liquors. 



Aktiolbs. 


Annual aver- 
age for the 
•years ended 
June 30, 187b. 




For the year 


ended June 30 




1879. 


1880. 


1881. 


1882. 


Distilled spirits of domestic pro- 
duction: 

■Whisky and other tax-paid 
spirits, except from fnill — 

Spirits distilli'd from fruit 

Imported spirits entered for 


Gallons. 

■;4,652,5i9 
'1,100,904 

1.358,559 
57,111,982 


Gallons. 

52,003,467 
1,021,708 

1,253,300 
54,278,475 


Oallons. 

61,126,634 
1,005,781 

1,394,279 
63;526,6o4 


Gallons. 

67,426,000 
1,701,206 

1,479.875 
70,607,081 


Oallons. 

70,7";9,548 
1,216,850 

1,^79,638 


Total distilled spirits 


73,556,036 


Wines of domestic production* 
Imported -n-iiies entered for 


ti5,ooo,ooo 
4,812,675 


t20,000,000 

4.533,015 
24,532,015 


23,453.827 

5,030,601 

28,484,428 


tig.ooo.ooo 

5,231,106 
24,231,106 


+20,000,000 
5,628,071 






Total wines 


19,812,675 


25,628,071 


Malt liquors of domestic pro- 


309,523.463 
1,129,78^ 


344-195.604 
880,514 


413,760,410 
1,011,280 


443,641,868 
1,164,505 


525.514.635 


Imported maU liquors entered 








310,653,253 


345,076,118 


414.771.690 


444.806,373 


527,051,236 




Estimated value of the liquors 
annually consumed 


$i69,o';3,344 93 


$182,980,167 66 


$217,563,013 20 


$228,985,561 80 


$260,156,645 13 



' In computing the quantity of sparkling and still wines In bottles, 5 so-called quart bottles are 
reckoned as equivalent to a gallon. 

t Estimated. 

The estimated value of these liquors is a wholesale value based on the average export price for 
these seven years. The retail price would be merely double. 



AJtSTAL AvEBAGE rsiCE, from 1S60 to 1882, per ton, of 2,240 pounds of Impoktid Ibon a2s-d Stebl 
Kailboad Baks in the United States. 





Iron Rails. 


Steel Rails 




Iron Rails. 


Steel Rails. 




Average Import 
price per ton. 


Average Import 
price per ton. 


Average Import 
price per ton. 


Average Import 
price per ton. 


i860 


Dollars. 
30-36 
29.03 
25.89 
31.63 
32.89 , 

36.61 
^-40 
28.94 
30-73 
aj.56 
37-90 


Dollars. 


1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 


Dollars. 
37-41 
49.08 
54.26 
35-29 
25-,52 

• 
• 

32-27 
31.27 
3S.19 


DoUara. 
^7.18 
64.38 


I86I 


1862 


71.36 


jg63 


1864........ 

1865 


70.72 
50.48 
48.18 
26.84 
32.60 
36.15 


1866 

1867 


1868 


1869 


1870 

2871 


33-3S 



* £)one Imported. 



195 
STATISTICS OF MANUrACTUilES. 



The following- table shows the capital invested, the number of hands em- 
ployed, the amount of wages paid, the value of materials used, and the value of 
products, for all the establishments of manufacturing industry, gas excepted, in 
each of the States and Territories, as returned at the census of 1880. 



States 

AKD 

Teubiio^iics. 



United States 



Alabama . . 
Arizona . . . 
Arkansas. . 
Calitoruia . 
Colorado . 



Connecticut.... 

Dakota 

Delaware 

Dist. Columbia 
Florida 



^ a 

o <u 

Is 



Capital. 



$2,790,223,506 



Georgia , 
Idaho . . . 
Illinois . 
Indiana 
■fowa 



Kansas ... 
Kentucky . 
Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland . 



Maesaobnsetts. 

Michigan 

Minnesota . . .. 
Mississippi . .. 
Missouri 



Montana ... 
Nebraska ... 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 
New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon , 



Pennsylvania . , 
Bhode Island . 
Boutti Carolina 
Tennessee- . . . 
Tes&s 



Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington... 
West Virginia. 



Wlsoonsin 
Vyosoin^ . 



Average Number of hands 
Employed. 



:3s 



0) to 



2,025,279 



2,070 

66 

1,202 

6,885 

599 



251 
746 
971 

42G 

3,693 

162 

14,549 

11,198 

6,921 

2.803 
5,328 
1,553 
4,481 
6,787 

14,352 
8,873 
3,493 
1,479 
8,592 

196 
1,403 

184 
3,181 
7,128 

144 
42,739 

3,802 
20,699 

1,075 

81,225 
2,205 
2.078 
4,326 
2,996 

640 
2,874 
5,710 

261 
2,375 

7.674 
57 



9,668,008 

272,600 

2.953,130 

61.243,784 

4,311,714 

120,480,275 

771.428 

15,655,822 

6,552,526 

3,210.680 

20,672,410 

677,215 

140,652,066 

65.742,962 

33,987,886 

11,192,316 
45,813,039 
11.462,468 
49,984,571 
68,735.684 

803,806,185 

92,930,959 

31,004,811 

4,727,600 

72,607,844 

899,390 

4,881,150 

1,323,300 

61 112,263 

106,226,593 

463,275 

514,246,575 

13,045,639 

188.939,614 

6,284,256 

474,499,993 

75,675,943 

11.205,894 

20,092,845 

9,245,561 

2.656,657 
23,265,224 
26,968,990 

3,202.497 
13.883,390 

73,821,802 
364,673 



8.368 
216 
4,306 
38,317 
4.652 

75.619 

854 
10,250 
6,496 
4.564 

18,937 
374 
120,558 
62,072 
25.382 

11,140 
30,949 
10.171 
35,426 
46.695 

228,834 

68,445 

18,902 

4.887 

64.200 

574 
4,464 

556 
29,356 
86.787 

553 

864,551 

12,818 

152,217 

3,239 

284,381 
37,000 
19,987 
19,575 
11,645 

2,042 
14,43-< 

28,779 
1,110 
12,800 

48,255 
380 



2 o a> 



531,753 



842 
2 

90 

4,022 

266 

28.851 

8 

1,426 

1,389 

558 

3.619 

8 

15,233 

3,615 

1,431 

392 

3,529 

1.335 

13,777 

21.700 

105,976 

4,784 

1,636 

413 

5.474 

3 

120 
6 



:3 9 3 



Total 
Amount 
Paid in 
Wages dur- 
ing the year. 



181,913 



2 

160 

1.460 

156 



8.445 


43,501,518 


6 


339,375 


962 


4,267,349 


261 


3,924.612 


382 


1.270,875 


[2,319 


5.252,952 


6 


136,326 


8,936 


67,429,085 


3,821 


21,960,888 


1.559 


9,725,962 



632 
2,913 

661 
3,746 
6,547 

17,445 

4,362 

674 

527 

4,321 

1 

209 
16 



$947,919,674 



16,184 


3,291 


27,099 


12,152 




i 


137,393 


29 529 


2.939 


2,352 


18.563 


12,829 


92 


93 


73,064 


29,667 


18,270 


7,548 


1,023 


1,118 


1,1!)6 


1.674 


116 


398 


221 


232 


2,271 


831 


6,144 


5.261 


25 


12 


340 


1,065 


6,241 


2,613 




11 



2,500,504 

111,180 

925,358 

21,070,585 

2,314,427 



Value of 
Materials. 



$3,394,340,029 



3,999,599 
11,657,844 

4,358,841 
13,621.638 
18,904,065 

128.315,362 

25.318,682 

8.613,194 

1,192,645 

24.309,716 

318,759 
1.742,311 

461.807 
14,814,793 
46,083,045 

218,731 

198,634,029 

2,740,768 

62,103,800 

1,636,566 

134.055,304 

21.355,619 

2,836,289 

5.254,776 

3,343,087 

858,863 
6,164,479 
7,425,261 

632,226 
4,313,965 

18,814,917 
187,798 



8,470.206 
380,023 
4,382,080 
72,607,709 
8,777,262 

102,769,341 
1,523,761 
12,828,461 
6,365,400 
3,040,119 

24,010,239 

844,874 

289,826,907 

100,260,892 

48,704,311 

21,407,941 
47,461,890 
14,442,506 
61,119,286 
66,923,630 

886,952,655 
92,852,969 
65,660,681 
4,669,658 

110,698,392 

1,006,442 

8,208,478 

1,049,794 

43,552,462 

165,280,179 

871,3.52 

679,578,650 

13,090,937 

215,098 026 

6,933,330 

462,977,258 
58.103,443 
9.8,S5,63» 
23,710,125 
12,956,269 

2,561,737 
18,330.677 
32,873 933 

1,967,469 
13,891,444 

85,796,178 
601,214 



Value of 
Products. 



$5,369,667,706 



13.565,504 

615,665 

6,756.169 

116,227,973 

14,260.159 

185,680,211 

2.373,970 

20,514.438 

11,882,316 

5,546,448 

36,447,443 
1,271,317 

414.864,673 

148,006.411 

71,045,926 

30,790,212 
75.483,377 
24,205,183 
79,8'20.393 
106.771,393 

631.511,484 

150,692,025 

71). 065, 198 

7,495,802 

165,384,005 

1,835,867 

12,627,335 

2,179, 6'^6 

73,978,0J8 

254,375,236 

1,2.84,848 

1,080,638.696 

20 084.237 

848,305 390 

10,879,983 

744,748,045 
104,163,621 
16.738,003 
37,074,886 
30,719,928 

4.324.999 
81,354.366 
51,810,692 

8,250,134 
22,867,126 

123,245,430 
898,494 



196 

Imports of Certain Goods into the five great Atlantic Ports, and also the 
Total Imports into the ITnicn in 1880. 



AETICLES. 



Gold bulliou and bars 

Gold coin , 

Silver bullion 

Silver coin 

Chloride of lime 

Cocoa, crude, leaves and shells 

Cochineal 

Coffee 

Cotton, raw 

Cotton , manufactured 

Cutches and terra japonica. . . 

Dye-woods in sticks 

Fish not of American fisheries 

Fur skins, undressed • 

Furs and dressed fur skins. . . 

Gums ,....- 

Hair manufactured 

Hair and manufactures of. . . . 
Hides and skins, not furs. . . . 
Household & w'ri'gappl, f .o.d. 
India rubber, &c., cr'ue&mf'd 

Indigo 

Oils, min'rl, chm'cland vegb'l 

Paintings 

Paper materials 

Paper and manulactures of. . . 

Silk, raw 

^ilk, manufactures of 

Soda and salts of 

Sulphur, crude and refined. . . 

Sugar and molasses, etc 

Tea 

Tin in bars and manufactured 
Wood, manufac. &uumauulac. 

Animils living 

Spirits and nialt litxuors 

Books, pamj^hlets, kc 

Barks, medicinal, and others. 
Articles prod, of manuf. of U 

8., brought back 

Chemicals 

Breadstuffsand other far. food 

Bristles 

Buttons and button materials 

Clothing , 

Coal, bitumin' us 

Copper and manufactures of. 
Earthenware, st. and ch. ware 

Fancy goods 

Flax and manufactures of. ... 

Fruits of all kinds 

Glass and gla-sware 

Hemp and manufactures of. . 
Iron and hteel and maul, of: 
Jute& other grasses, nianf. of. 
Lead and manufactures of. .. 
Leather and manufactures of. 
Marble and stone, and mauf. of 
Metals, and manf. of, n. e. s. . . 

MusicalluHtriimeuts 

Opium and extract of 

Paints 

Precious stones 

Provisions, including v'g'tab's 

Salt 

Seeds 

Spice of all kinds 

Straw & palm leaf, & manf. of 

Tobacco and mauuf. of 

Watches, watch movmts, &c. 
Wool, Goat's Hair, &c., and 

manufactures of 

Zinc, spelter, etc., and mf. of. 

Argols ,. 

All other articles, f. o. d. . , 
All other dutiable articles 



Philadel'a. Baltimore. N. Orleans 



$17,911 
8,553 



80,158 
407,423 
138.724 
218.369 
225,105 

56,480 

1,007.570 

480,797 

491. sya 

778,816 

12,771 

154,226 

91,493 

329,389 

140,496 

7,391,363 

68,321 

1,005,788 

654.540 

622,779 

99.039 

1,646,613 

93,598 

3,245 

587,754 

1,149,228 

184,187 

13,462,190 

13,298 

1,721,155 

337,950 

3,176 

660,390 

194,139 

4,900 

205,251 

1,094,088 

90,612 

239 

75,918 

109,658 

163,595 

13,926 

956,950 

182,543 

2,129,237 

873,161 

441.074 

638,929 

6,755,725 

- 496,024 

2,306 

1,674,716 

132.524 

183.015 

48,429 

38,880 

106,847 

100,169 

118,032 

230.710 

32,063 

214,521 

44,213 

13,291 

17,467 

15,205,542 
21,707 
6,819 



Totals $68,716,380 $35,978,084 



16,152 



640 

146 667 

1,756 

61.185 

145.053 

5,099 

1,328,021 

20,294 

/ 199,660 



2,326 

85,129 

85,906 

4,146 

42.660 

182,182 

13,242 

637,664 

34 309 

46,121 

58.066 

219,027 

92,073 

12,901 

559,975 

994,167 

254,892 

8,761, 4U 

163 

2,633,379 

88,689 

986 

313,212 

133,470 

389,333 

27,220 

1,015,331 

12,4.59 

801 

141,568 



8,008 

19.655 

659,922 

100,479 

1,301,261 

934,225 

165,681 

76,891 

8,023,841 

1,649,707 

15,082 

313,775 

70,372 

58,444 

26,555 

318.448 

30.795 

292,207 

29,850 

196,998 

32,409 

68,700 

38,561 

3 177 

7,704 

3,054,970 
53,951 
94,546 



$1,631 



8.630 
7,720 



95 

;,473,698 

14 

155,613 



9 
3,701 



1,689 
1,931 
7,835 
3,248 
149,736 
21,005 
7,946 



8.945 
10,()9.S 
23,749 
11,441 



35.246 

432,476 

313,342 

1,105,334 

1,592 

1,449.410 

12,387 

69 

77,380 

21,415 

490 

702,724 

170,145 

10,978 

373 

2,887 

10,285 

1,488 

334.223 

109,720 

113,347 

252 293 

289.673 

33.690 

2.821 

3,716,034 

2,748 

375 

25 217 

66,500 

10,977 

28,187 



1,245 



1,917 

153,771 

3.459 

3 105 

35,760 

394 

1,944 

213.001 
2,010 



$19,966,623 



$3,355 
6,286 



222,260 
11,603 



4,010,166 
386,727 



1,022 
51 



1,439 
21,044 



30 

90,015 

3,159 

90,403 



50,805 
771 



9,6)9 



36271 

224,657 
7,121 

817,056 
173 

364,623 

100,490 
60 

551,4(19 
4 191 
9,473 

48,022 
39,186 
17,791 



2,160 

8,514 

11,441 

301 

175,088 

33.466 

235.907 

301,171 

55,516 

1,728,951 
71,606 
51 
22.513 
3,M04 
7,860 
25,413 



2,203 



14,097 

107,247 

1,095 

13,182 

2,343 

258,321 

4,280 

120,419 



New York. 

$19,298,528 

57,894,197 

145,163 

C,320 357 

403,769 

1,120,770 

534,511 

43,512,094 

458,921 

26,314,501 

1,296,451 

1,082,089 

817,343 

1,471,227 

3,040,325 

2,232,020 

586,927 

729,421 

20,430,171 

278,983 

8,142,905 

2,063,301 

1,819,924 

2,019,408 

4,783,649 

1,282,592 

1,969,057 

30,758,123 

4,418,089 

1,083,814 

58.328,413 

13,715,368 

16,181,330 

2,392,448 

33 979 

6,132,377 

2,090,659 

1,932,726 

4,183,223 
10,038,9i2 

549,412 
1,007,972 
3,633.866 
1,192,523 

196,664 

852 616 

3,485,789 

5,345,124 

19,393,375 

10,588,054 

4.389,638 

2,237,040 

30,291,991 

5,794,567 

299.710 
10,035,891 

536,057 
1,3.58,641 

751,819 
1,427,687 

935,477 
6,294 492 

677,90,s 

517,21,'-, 
3.042,2211 
2.051,543 
3 768,210 
6,.';77,9l'0 
1.493. b8u 

37 517.398 

568,537 

2,004,038 



The Union. 



$11,073,165 $627,253,643 $760,9.^9.056 



$20,330,445 

60,420,951 

1,081,425 

10,294,489 

985,585 

1,306,239 

890,108 

60,3GO,76f 

591,125 

29,929,366 

1.803,542 

1,808,730 

2,168,208 

2,496,277 

3,927,835 

2,444,302 

960,077 

922,887 

30,002,254 

2,078,841 

9.918,290 

2,752,900 

2,821,603 

2,319,352 

6,097,197 

1,671,120 

12,024,699 

32 lS8,690 

7.048,069 

1 933,032 

83,771,165 

19,782,631 

23,507.2,')0 

9,535,777 

3,739.996 

8,420,017 

2,487,8f;8 

2,818,051 

5,644,274 

12,807,018 
8,856,497 
1,009,495 
3,^77.105 
1,445,899 
2,071,022 
1,415,212 
6.050.267 
5,983,163 

23,730.326 

13,270,078 
5,221,511 
3.291.570 

63,714,003 

7,931,485 

327,113 

12,205,033 
888,874 
1.687,695 
917,778 
2,786.(06 
1,10.^,804 
6,698,488 
1,511,446 
1,837.432 
3 279,22S 
2,428,657 
3 947,003 
7,3i'2.300 
1,520,948 

67,638,743 
653.390 

2,105,403 
11,080,486 

8 224,122 



197 



Exports of the Leading Articles of Domestic Produce from five Atlantic 
Cities and from the -whole Union in 1880. 



ARTICLES. 


Boston. 


Philadel'a. 


Baltimore. 


N, Orleans. 


New York. 


The Union. 


Bread and Breadstuflfs 


$14,927,617 

7,033 344 

1,174.024 

18,772,674 

645,047 

999,568 

260,260 

1,161,251 

5,533,771 

841,668 

1,4^2.745 

896.808 

37,373 

186,152 

240,629 
60,966 
124,729 
384,204 
378.146 
21,111 
88,(i43 
68,726 

29,326 

176,818 

17,155 

402,781 

8,251 

91,249 

17,871 

109.894 

17,010 

65,336 

6,071 

3,086 

147,992 

3,685 

919 

20,572 

152.840 

13,695 

40,928 

3S,652 

71,491 

28,774 

33,517 


$28,987,812 

2,075,692 

96,271 

6,296,658 

6,578,762 

930,583 

148,400 

770,557 

382,960 

363,446 

633.696 

212,462 

471,492 

169,904 

97,272 

6,622 

81,334 

257,091 

320 

1,948 

32,505 

73,675 

35,721 
5,523 

668 

16,165 

168,196 

293 

848 

3,842 


$66,364,054 

6,763,755 

34,650 

4,208,727 

1,628,888 

4,107,405 

88,894 

252,116 

852,035 

64,. 540 

230,776 

8,867 

23,442 

2,295 

14.025 
3,849 
87,258 
30,476 
15.700 
18 
114,481 
28,267 

19,876 

688 

251 

29,750 

152.172 

870 

17 

208,204 


$9,291,558 

75,553,195 

39,606 

95,472 

5,169 

61,272 

1,189 

803,667 

89,805 

17,987 

70,893 

3,024 

1,687,158 


$134,671,452 

36,213,94; 

7,442.398 

90,303,925 

27,178,159 

8,^98.270 

1,399,619 

6,410,152 

7.344756 

8,016,724 

4,957,120 

6,176,480 

3,798,806 

4,971,047 

2,817,283 
905.621 
1,277,987 
2.443,105 
2,584,050 
162,022 
2,254,001 
2,349,996 

606,396 
1,980 687 

354,033 
1,398,364 

180,173 
1.156,756 
1,167,927 

858,784 
89,515 

919,866 

429,741 
800,218 
267,789 
174,811 
53,890 
603,365 
609,737 
428.634 
422,733 
338,752 
513,666 

1,397,810 

426,200 

29,315 

381.809 

147,948 

1,502,580 

423,057 

4,145,631 


$288,036,835 
211,535,905 


Cotton, Manufactures of.. 
Provisions 


9,981,418 

127,043,242 

36,218,625 


Tobacco, Unmanufactured 
Tobacco, Manufcictures of 
Wood, and BI'Dnfctures of 
Animals, Living..., .... 
Iron and Steel, Manf. of. . 
Tallow 


16 379,107 
2,063.166 
16,237,336 
15.882,120 
14,716,524 
7,689,232 


Leather, and Manf'rs of. . 
Oil Cake 


6,760,186 
6,259,827 


Furs, and Fur Skins 

Drugs, Chemicals and Me- 
dicines 


5,404,418 


7,262 

2,487,283 

210 

856 

662 

24,729 

1,049 

35 

38,78 
3,708 

105 
1,105 

126 
1,144 

395 

602 
1,040 
1,325 

461 
615 
320 

6,656 
424 
505 

1,857 
748 
842 

1,039 
37,063 

340 

212 


3,350.450 
3,476,240 




1,676,079 


Sugar and Molasses 


3,258,230 
3,027,645 


Beer, Ale, Porter & Cider. 
Seeds . 


238,818 
2,776,823 




2,573,292 


Naval Stores (Resin, I'nr- 


2,452,908 


Agricultural Implements . 

Spirits of Turpentine 

Fruits 


2,245,743 
2,132,154 
2,090,634 


Coal 


2,068,080 


Hemp, and Manuf'rs of. . . 

ClooliS and WatcheB 

Carriages, Carts, Cars, &c. 


1,629,259 
1,453,237 
l;407,425 
1,360,176 


Paper and Stationery 

Metals, and Manufactures 

of.N.E.S 

Copper, and Manuf rs of.. 


16,477 

439 
366 

9,650 

28,326 

982 

3,575 
441 
745 

i,405 

6,816 
16,546 

11,269 

16,329 


2,967 

23,329 
47 


1,183,140 

970,679 
949,218 
649,074 






603,668 


Wool, and Manuf'rs of. . . 
Fancy Articles, Combs, &c 
Musical Instruments .... 


69 
2,594 

270 

367 

49,377 

1.774 
3,656 

3,256 

6,228 


288,663 
875,856 
811,177 
777.344 


Glass and Glassware 


749,866 
707,966 




690,122 


Marble and Stone. Manu- 


652,963 


Booka and Other Pnblica- 


626,630 




633,012 


Starch •. ... 

Jewelry — , 


6,321 

600 

8,411 

53,775 

439,397 


3,057 

650 

17,607 

29,362 

268,995 


28,781 
505 
111 

27,979 

391,357 

$76,220,870 
14 330,248 


10 


447,842 
231,531 


769 

6,428 

23,691 


1.649,367 


All Unmanufactured Arti- 
cles, not enymert'/*d . . 

All Manufactt^red Articles 
not enumerated 


782,661 
6,518,283 


Totals of 1880 

Totals of 1870 


$68,023,587 
12,261,267 


$49,612,195 
16,903,072 


$90,249,874 
107,658,042 


$388,441,664 
209,972,491 


$823,946,853 
455,208,341 


Increase , 


$45,772,320! $32,709,123 


$61,890,632 


*$17,403,168 


$178,469,173 


$368,738,013 



* Decrease. The cotton export of New Orleans in 1870 was larger than that of any year sinte 
1860, and wrb never equaled except in that year. 



ATLAITIC 

Mutual Insurance Company, 

NEW YOEK. 

OFFICE, 31 WALL STREET. 

OBGANIZED 184:2. 

Insures aciinst Mjibihe und Ihund Nihgiition Risks, 

And will issue Policies making Loss payable in England. 
Its Assets for the Security of ite Policies, are more than 

Ten Million Dollars. 

In the course of its Business it has paid losses amounting to 

$90,000,000, 

Attest ''^""'^ '' ''' ^'''""" " Certificates of Profits, bearing 

$52,000,000, 

of which amount there has been redeemed in cash 

$45,000,000, 

divi^!^' ^'"^ n' ""^ *^' (^orn^^ny revert to the assured, and ar« 
dmded annually, upon the Premiums terminated during the y^ 
Certificates for which are issued, bearing interest until^edeeL^ 

^. I>. JOIVES, President. 

CHAS. r>E2VIVIS, Viee-I>re«ident. 
W. H. H. MOORE, Sd Vice-I>re«'t. 

A. A. RA^VEIV, 3*1 Vice-Pros^^ 




BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND. 



TOSEPHGILLi 



.<>^^^^. 




tb^^ THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS. .x^< 



PoR PineWriting, 
Nos. 1-303-170-604. 



SOLD BY ALL DEALERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 



9> 



&^/. "^^^^"^iltr^ Nos. 1-303-170-604. ^^^J^V o,9^^<!^' 

Z^-^o7^Q<3 ^/r/A/J-'^^^ STYLES TO f'J'^^a^^^e.'^'^\^^<3>^ 
V.^^^ ^-OoJ^^Ng^ all hands.) ^O^^^O^'c^^O^^^'^ 



Wholesale Warehouse, 91 John Street, New York. 
JOSEPH OILLOTT & SONS. 



HENRY HOE, 

Sole Agent 



EMPLOYMENT FOB ALf 
SALARY OR COMMISSION. L 

ENERGETIC, RELIABLE and INTELLIGENT 
Farmers, School Teachers, Ministers, or Expe- 
rienced Agents of all classes, Wanted 
to Sell 
MURRAY'S NEW and BEAUTIFUL MAPS, 
CHARTS, ETC.. 



IMMENSE PREMIUMS, QUICK 

SALES, TREMENDOUS 

PROFITS I 



^ BIG CHANGE TO GOOD MENl 

Large Catalogue free. Write at once for Circulars that may prove 
the STEPPING STONE to FORTUNE ! 

E. E. MURRAY & CO., 

Map and Chart Publishers, 

214 East Broadway, New York. 

"ZINGARI. THE GYPSIE QUEEN'S SECRET." 

r//£ MOST WONDERFUL HEALING OINTMENT IN THE 
WORLD. A $1.00 BOX GIVEN AWAY WITH EVERY MAP. AND A 
35 CENT BOX WITH EVERY CHART SOLD BY AGENTS. ALL DRUG- 
GISTS KEEP IT. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



011 560 196 9 






